Verification and Application of the Border Effect in Precision Measurement

Detection resolution is crucial for improvement of the measurement precision in the device and instrument. Because of the limited resolution, a fuzzy area with the truth-value as its center is found during the detection. The finding for improving the measurement precision by the border of fuzzy area is first introduced. The higher resolution can be captured by the higher resolution stability which makes the different detection results of the inner and outer fuzzy area on the border reflected more sensitively between the measure and the reference quantity. The system resolution obtained only depends on the stability of measurement resolution, which is much better than the mea~surement resolution itself. Based on the finding, the measurement precision can be improved two or three orders of magnitude. The finding can be used in various kinds of high precision measurement.     

Polymer waveguide thermo-optical switch with loss compensation based on NaYF_4: 18% Yb~(3+), 2% Er~(3+) nanocrystals

A polymer waveguide thermo-optical switch with loss compensation based on NaYF_4: 18% Yb~(3+), 2% Er~(3+)nanocrystals, fabricated by traditional semiconductor processes, has been investigated. NaYF4: 18% Yb~(3+), 2% Er~(3+)nanocrystals were prepared by a pyrolysis method. The morphology and luminescent properties of the nanocrystals were characterized.The nanocrystals were doped into SU-8 as the core material of an optical waveguide amplifier. The size of the device was optimized for its optical and thermal fields as well as its transmission characteristics. The device was fabricated on a silica substrate by spin coating, photolithography, and wet etching. The insertion loss of the switch device is～15 dB. The rise and fall times of the device are 240 μs and 380 μs, respectively, as measured by application of a 304 Hz square wave voltage. The extinction ratio of the device is about 14 dB at an electrode-driving power of 7 mW. When the pump light power is 230 mW and the signal light power is 0.1 mW, the loss compensation of the device is 3.8 dB at a wavelength of1530 nm. Optical devices with loss compensation have important research significance.     

Ion Photon Emission Microscope for Single Event Effect Testing in CIAE

Ion photon emission microscopy(IPEM) is a new ion-induced emission microscopy. It employs a broad ion beam with high energy and low fluence rate impinging on a sample. The position of a single ion is detected by an optical system with objective lens, prism, microscope tube and charge coupled device(CCD). A thin ZnS lilm doped with Ag ions is used as a luminescent material. Generation efficiency and transmission efficiency of photons in the ZnS(Ag) film created by irradiated Cl ions are calculated. A single Cl ion optical microscopic image is observed by high quantum efficiency CCD. The resolution of a single Cl ion given in this IPEM system is 6μm. Several factors influencing the resolution are discussed. A silicon diode is used to collect the electrical signals caused by the incident ions. Effective and accidental coincidence of optical images and electronic signals are illustrated. A two-dimensional map of single event effect is drawn out according to the data of effective coincidence.     

A new interpolating method based on the variation of spectra energy using CMOS array

A new interpolating method to enhance the resolution of gratings using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) according to the variation of some specified spectral light intensities during the motion of scale grating in a periodic separation is proposed. CMOS image sensor (pixel array 648×488) was also introduced as receiving device and its stability was verified experimentally. Many factors in the experiment were analyzed theoretically and contrasted with experiment. The advantages of this novel method were featured by CMOS and the specified spectral variation of the energy distribution was discussed.     

Proposal of an Ultracompact Triplexer Using Photonic Crystal Waveguide with an Air Holes Array

We propose an ultracompact triplexer based on a shift of the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode in a planar photonie crystal waveguide （PCW） with a triangular lattice of air holes. The shift is realized by modifying the radii of the border holes adjacent to the PCW core. Some defect holes are introduced to control the beam propagation. The numerical results obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method show that the presented triplexer can separate three specific wavelengths, i.e. 1310, 1490 and 1550nm with the extinction ratios higher than -18 dB. The designed device with a size as compact as 12 μm × 6.5μ m is feasible for the practical application, and can be utilized in the system of fiber to the home.     

A new interpolating method based on the variation of spectra energy using CMOS array

A new interpolating method to enhance the resolution of gratings using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) according to the variation of some specified spectral light intensities during the motion of scale grating in a periodic separation is proposed. CMOS image sensor (pixel array 648 × 488) was also introduced as receiving device and its stability was verified experimentally. Many factors in the experiment were analyzed theoretically and contrasted with experiment. The advantages of this novel method were featured by CMOS and the specified spectral variation of the energy distribution was discussed.     

Effect of different metal-backed waveguides on amplified spontaneous emission

We investigate the effect of a metallic electrode on the ability for poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) film to undergo amplified spontaneous emission(ASE).The threshold of the device with Ag cladding is about 10 times greater than that of a metal-free device,but metal such as Al completely shuts off ASE.The ASE recurs when a thin spacer layer,such as a few nanometers of SiO 2,is introduced between the MEH-PPV film and the Al cladding.Compared with the Cu or Al electrode,the Ag cladding is most suited to serve as an electrode with its low optical loss due to its high work-function and reflectivity.     

Experimental demonstration of enhanced resolution of a Golay3 sparse-aperture telescope

In this Letter,we report a Golay3 sparse-aperture telescope newly built in the Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences and present the experimental results of enhanced resolution.The telescope consisting of 3 collector telescopes of 127 mm diameter can achieve a theoretical resolution corresponding to a monolithic aperture of 245 mm diameter.It is shown by the experimental results that the resolution is improved to 3.33μrad with respect to the diffraction limit of 6.07μrad for a single aperture using the Rayleigh criteria at 632 nm.The compact optical configuration and cophasing approach are also described.     

A hyperlens-based device for nanoscale focusing of light

To resolve the problem of missed evanescent waves in a beam focusing system,a hyperlens-based beam focusing device is proposed in this letter.This device can convert the evanescent waves into propagating waves,and then a super-resolution spot is formed at the center of the hyperlens.The working principle of the device is presented,and the way in which the material and structural parameters of the hyperlens affect the resolution and transmission is analyzed in detail.A multibeam focusing device is optimally designed,and the simulated results verify that a nanoscale spot with a diameter of 15.6 nm(corresponding toλ0/24,whereλ0 is the working wavelength in vacuum)is achieved,which is far less than the diffraction limited resolution with a value of 625 nm(1.7λ0).The device is expected to find numerous applications in optical data storage and nano-photolithography,among others.     

The series solution to the metric of stationary vacuum with axisymmetry

The multipole moment method not only conduces to the understanding of the deformation of the space--time, but also serves as an effective tool to approximately solve the Einstein field equation with. However, the usual multipole moments are recursively determined by a sequence of symmetric and trace-free tensors, which is inconvenient for practical resolution. In this paper, we develop a simplified procedure to generate the series solutions to the metric of the stationary vacuum with axisymmetry, and show its validity. In order to understand the free parameters in the solution, we propose to take the Schwarzschild metric as a standard ruler, and some well- known examples are analysed and compared with the series solutions in detail.     

基于银膜孔阵列超强透射效应的相敏表面等离子体共振传感器的仿真研究(英文)

We present an ultra compact and high resolution free space optical spectrometer and demonstrate it by using FDTD simulations. The miniature interferometer-based spectrometer is a series of submicron phase objects on a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film with a CCD as the detector. The spectrum is obtained by solving a system of simultaneous linear equations. The Tikhonov regularization method is used to achieve a resolution at the picometer level. Compared with conventional spectrometers, the proposed device...     

Combined optical dispersion by prism and arrayed waveguide grating with multiple diffraction orders for Raman spectrometer

A compact dispersive device for Raman spectrometer was proposed to achieve a spectrum resolution below 0.55 nm in the spectral range of 800 to 1000 nm. A 41-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with eleven different diffraction orders was designed, and each output channel of this AWG contained eleven light signals with periodically 20 nm spaced wavelength. These signals were further cross-dispersed by a prism, and finally form a 41 × 11 spots array on a CCD. The detailed theoretical analysis and simulation of this dispersive device were introduced in this paper. Compared with commercial dispersive modules composed of grating, lens, and mirrors, the proposed structure is able to provide a compact device with higher spectrum resolution, which is attractive for handheld Raman spectrometer.     

数字微镜近红外光谱仪光学系统设计与实验

针对传统光谱仪体积大、成本高、检测速度慢、需样品前处理等不足,提出了利用数字微镜面阵（DMD）实现光谱谱面分割分时选通的近红外光谱仪光学系统.首先,对比传统光路介绍单探测器微型光谱仪系统测量原理|然后结合DMD特性提出光路方案,根据几何光学原理进行初步光学元件选型和光路结构设计,利用ZEMAX光学软件对光路进行仿真,确定结构参数|最后,搭建实验平台,进行光路测试.实验结果表明:该系统光路尺寸为70 mm×130 mm,测量波段为（900～1 500 nm）,分辨率可达19 nm|在能量损失较小的情况下,减小狭缝尺寸可提高光学分辨率,狭缝的极限尺寸为200 μm|减小狭缝子午面高度可减小谱面内弯曲现象.本系统基本满足近红外分光,实现单点探测器光谱测量的要求.     

一种光栅型成像光谱仪光学系统设计

 成像光谱仪是一种“图谱合一”的光学遥感仪器。从光栅型成像光谱仪的使用要求出发,利用Zemax软件设计了一种光栅型成像光谱仪光学系统。其中,前置望远物镜采用反射式结构,传统的卡塞格林结构在主次镜均采用非球面时校正像差的能力依然有限,设计时采用改进后的卡塞格林结构对像差进行校正,最终设计的望远镜头传函在50 lp/mm处达到0.5,场曲控制在0.078以内,且不存在畸变。针对光谱成像系统通常采用的基于平面光栅的Czerny-Turner结构由于像差校正能力有限、成像质量较差不能满足仪器的使用要求。采用基于凸面光栅的光谱成像系统,该系统结构紧凑、可实现宽波段内像差的同时校正。最终设计的光谱成像系统光谱分辨率<5 nm,MTF在50 lp/mm时升至0.75。将前置望远物镜与光谱成像系统根据匹配原则进行组合优化后光栅型成像光谱仪系统点列图RMS半径随波长的变化均小于0.2,波长的80%的能量集中在Φ6 μm范围内,波长各视场在特征频率50 lp/mm处的光学传递函数均大于0.5。整个光学系统具有结构简单、像差校正能力强、结构尺寸较小的优点。     

投影式头戴静脉显像光学系统的设计

为了辅助静脉穿刺及相关的医疗操作, 设计了一款基于投影式头戴显示器(HMPD)的静脉显像系统, 其光学系统由近红外成像系统和穿透型HMPD构成。利用光学设计软件ZEMAX优化设计近红外成像系统, 使其具有F/2.6的大数值孔径, 有利于弱反射红外光的收集成像。穿透型HMPD采用与近红外成像系统相同的光学结构, 有利于简化系统的加工装调。设计结果表明, 近红外成像系统成像质量优异, 分辨率达到QXGA(2 048×1 536)。穿透型HMPD具有18 mm的大出瞳直径及25 mm的大出瞳距离, 场曲小于0.03 D, 畸变小于0.32%, 达到QXGA分辨率显示模式。与现行的静脉显像系统相比, 本显像系统结构简单紧凑、佩戴舒适, 且具有超高分辨率, 是一款适用于辅助医疗的目视系统。     

微小型光栅光谱仪光学系统的特点与光谱分辨率的提高

微小型光谱仪的设计制作可以采用多种方法,其结构特点和光谱分辨率也各不相同,目前实用高光谱分辨率微小型光谱仪采用的是光栅色散型光学系统.简要回顾了微小型光谱仪的发展过程,分析了典型的光栅色散型微小型光谱仪采用的光学系统,如基于罗兰圆的光学系统,基于Czerny-Turner的光学系统的特点,总结了提高微小型光栅光谱仪光谱分辨率采用的方法和技术,特别是解决光谱仪的微小型化和光谱分辨率之间的矛盾以及测量光谱范围和光谱分辨率之间的矛盾的方法,从而为新型微小型光谱仪的研制提供经验和借鉴.     

棱镜-光栅-棱镜型光谱成像系统光学设计

为实现成像光谱仪系统的直视性和小型化特点,设计一种棱镜-光栅-棱镜（PGP）结合式元件,作为分光系统的成像光谱仪光学系统装置。系统主要包括PGP分光原件、准直系统、成像系统和接收系统。光栅采用体全息相位光栅,可以获得很高的衍射效率,准直和成像镜采用对称式结构,可以有效地消垂轴像差。根据实际指标探测器像元尺寸为20 m20 m,像元数为512512,采用双像元合并方法,光谱通道数为148个,狭缝大小为10.2 mm10.2 mm,波段在400 nm~800 nm,物方数值孔径为0.15。分析了PGP光谱成像系统的原理、特点,对参数关系和体全息相位型光栅的衍射效率进行了详细的讨论。分析结果表明:PGP元件在整个光谱范围内理论衍射效率大于0.6,采用ZEMAX软件进行优化设计,得到系统的平均光谱分辨率优于3 nm,在截止频率处平均传递数大于0.7,系统总长90 mm。     

集成光波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪分辨率倍增方法

研究了铌酸锂波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪分辨率的影响因素, 并在此基础上提出了一种采用端面反射铌酸锂波导结构提高微光谱仪光谱分辨率的方法. 该方法容许在减小铌酸锂波导静态傅里叶变换微光谱仪尺寸的同时, 使两干涉臂间最大光程差增大1倍, 从而使其光谱分辨率实现倍增. 采用商业化铌酸锂波导电光调制器构建了一个傅里叶变换光谱仪原理样机, 并对样机在不同波长下的光谱分辨率进行了测量, 结果指出对调制器加载端面反射结构后获得的光谱分辨率是加载端面反射结构前的2倍, 与理论分析结果完全一致. 这种光波导端面反射结构制作工艺简单, 易于实现, 是一种提高集成光波导静态傅里叶微光谱仪分辨率的有效手段.     

Velocity spectrometer for a neutral atomic beam

A velocity spectrometer for a neutral atomic beam has been developed to prepare a monovelocity atomic beam. In order to disperse a relatively fast atomic beam according to its longitudinal velocity, a magnetic quadrupole lens with a large magnetic gradient has been used. The device was made using NdFeB permanent magnets. The magnetic gradient in the quadrupole was measured to be sufficiently large (1 T/cm) and uniform along the radial direction. The resonance fluorescence spectra of the Li atomic beam after passing through the magnetic quadrupole lens have been measured by using a single-mode tunable laser. From the peak shift of the fluorescence spectrum, the exerted force on Li atoms by the magnetic lens was 8160 times as large as the acceleration of gravity. Using the present spectrometer, we have measured the longitudinal velocity distribution of the thermal Li beam at 800 °C, which was in good agreement with the result from the fluorescence spectra. It is expected that a monovelocity Li atomic beam of 1000 m/s with a velocity spread narrower than 1% can be easily formed with a compact experimental arrangement using the developed velocity spectrometer. In this case, the available flux given as a fraction of the incident Li flux is estimated to be about 1%. A high-velocity resolution of 0.03% is expected at the available fractional flux of about 0.01%. Received: 5 June 2000 / Revised version: 14 August 2000 / Published online: 8 November 2000     

新型显微成像光谱仪系统中线阵针孔离焦研究

显微成像光谱仪技术是最近新兴的一种生物组织检测方法,它可以广泛应用在生物医学检测,疑难病症分析、预防、诊断中,已经成为当今生物组织检测领域研究的热点。提出了一种新型的基于线阵针孔阵列的激光扫描共焦显微成像光谱仪系统LP-LSCMIS方案,介绍了其工作原理及优点,讨论了该装置中线阵针孔阵列离焦对系统性能的影响,分析了离焦对生物组织荧光图像的光谱分辨和自体荧光光谱的调制深度的影响。推导出了光谱分辨和调制深度与离焦量的关系式。结果表明,离焦对仪器的性能有较大的影响,因此在装置装调时要求有更高精度的调整机构。