弱酸型阳离子色谱柱的制备与应用

采用马来酸酐接枝硅胶的方法制备弱酸性阳离子色谱柱填料.实验证明,该填料制备的色谱柱具有良好的色谱分离性能,可同时分离一、二价金属阳离子,对于常规7种阳离子有很好的分离能力,可应用于离子色谱阳离子分析.用于检测自来水、透析液等实际样品取得了良好的效果.     

苯乙烯和马来酸酐包夹硅胶弱阳离子色谱柱的制备及其应用

用马来酸酐包夹硅基制备出一种新型弱阳离子色谱柱填料,它具有良好的色谱性能,可同时分离一价、二价金属阳离子。论述了固定相的制备条件。采用所制备的固定相对热电厂锅炉水样中的阳离子进行了测定。     

锆胶基质阳离子色谱柱填料的制备

以10μm锆胶微球包覆聚苯乙烯制成强酸、弱酸型的阳离子色谱柱填料,具有良好的色谱性能。使用D ionex-120型双柱离子色谱仪,较好地分离碱金属、碱土金属离子及铵离子,比较了不同交换基团对溶质保留的影响。由于锆胶基质具有高的化学稳定性和机械强度,用作离子色谱柱填料有良好的应用前景。     

弱酸型阳离子色谱填料的研制及性能评价

合成制备了一种新型弱阳离子色谱柱填料,以6 μm的单分散聚苯乙烯二乙烯基苯(St-DVB)微球为基球,对其进行化学改性得到阳离子色谱固定相.分别用碱金属及碱土金属离子对用该填料制成的色谱柱的色谱性能进行了测试,结果表明该柱填料对常见阳离子具有很好的分离效果、良好的重复性和低的检出限.     

离子色谱法L-组氨酸/盐酸淋洗体系同时分离一价和二价阳离子

1前言 关于利用离子色谱分离技术测定一价和二价阳离子的工作,国内外已有报道。然而,由于二价阳离子对离子交换树脂的亲合力明显强于一价阳离子,使用单一组分淋洗液难于同时获得一价和二价阳离子的较好分离。国外有人采用DAP(2,3-二氨基丙酸)/HCI淋洗体系,配合其它分析技术,成功地同时分离了一价和二价阳离子。但其淋洗体系中使用的DAP试剂价格十分昂贵,难于在我国推广。本文提出用L-组氨酸/盐酸为淋洗的新淋洗体系用于一价和二价阳离子的分离。方法试用于多种样品的分析,得到满意的结果。 2实验部分     

亲水单分散聚合物基质阳离子色谱柱的制备及其应用

以自制5.0 μm单分散大孔亲水交联聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯微球为基质,合成一种新型弱酸性阳离子色谱填料.选用甲烷磺酸作淋洗液,在流速为1.0 mL/min时,对6种无机阳离子(Li+, Na+, NH+4, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+)和有机胺进行了良好分离.考察了淋洗液种类、浓度以及流速对6种无机阳离子分离的影响,选择了合适的色谱分离条件.测得6种离子在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系和低的检出限.将其用于决明茶中阳离子的分析,4种离子在20 min内完全分离,各离子标准加入回收率在96%～107%之间.此色谱柱的分离效果与Dionex IonPacCS12A商品柱接近,但分析时间缩短了44 min.     

季铵型键合硅基单柱离子色谱柱填料的研制

单柱离子色谱法是七十年代末提出的一种快速、简便的离子分析方法。该方法最早使用以苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯聚合物为基体的低交换容量离子交换剂。这类填料具有使用pH值范围宽的优点,在单柱离子色谱分析中应用很广。同树脂型填料相比,硅基型柱填料因具有不溶胀、耐压、渗透性好等优点,在单柱离子色谱分析中也得到重视。程松林等已报道过硅基单柱阳离子色谱柱填料的合成。本文对季铵型键合硅基单柱阴离子色谱柱填料作一介绍。 实验部分     

附聚型锆胶基质阴离子交换微球的制备

离子色谱作为离子性物质(特别是无机阴离子)的最佳分离分析方法,一直受到分析工作者的关注[1].在离子色谱中,固定相是关键之一[2].当前广泛使用的离子色谱固定相主要有两类:一类是聚合物基质,如Dionex公司推广的薄壳型阴离子树脂填料,动力学性能十分出色].这类填料不仅用于无机正负离子,而且由于其对生物活性分子的相容性,也用于蛋白质等生物样品,它们的pH值适用范围宽,但不耐有机溶剂,刚性较差,高压下会变形,影响溶质传递速率.第二类是聚合物-载体复合基质,最常见的是在硅胶微粒表面键合上各种离子交换基团,如聚苯乙烯涂敷硅胶离子交换剂用于蛋白质、核苷酸的分离[4],国内杨瑞琴也报道了用聚马来酸包覆硅胶分离一价阳离子[5].     

表面附聚薄壳型单分散高效阳离子柱填料的研制及其性能

 报道了一种新的表面附聚薄壳型阳离子柱填料的简易制备方法。首次合成了单分散高效阳离子柱填料。以10μm的单分散聚苯乙烯 二乙烯基苯(PSTDVB)微球为基球,对其表面季铵化,然后均匀附聚一层磺化的阳离子乳胶(0 2μm),即得到阳离子固定相。分别用碱金属及碱土金属离子对用该填料制成的柱的性能进行了测试,结果表明该柱填料对常见阳离子具有很好的分离效果、良好的重现性和低的检测限。     

金属分离柱的制备及应用

离子色谱是一种新的液相色谱分离技术~([1]).用于重金属离子分析离子色谱,特别是阳离子色谱柱国内一直未见这方面的研究报道,所使用的产品大多为国外进口.本研究自制了一种强酸型阳离子色谱柱,研究了其分离测试Fe~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Mn~(2+)6种共存离子的色谱条件;采用CIC-300型离子色谱仪的紫外-可见光光度检测器柱后PAR衍生对上述6种离子的分离条件进行了研究.本方法具有简便、快速、准确、选择性好的特点.     

Retention behavior of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal cations in ion chromatography with an unmodified silica gel column

An unmodified silica gel (Develosil 30-5) column (150×4.6 mm I.D.) has been applied to the ion chromatographic separation of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal cations. The retention behavior of the above cations on the bare substrate was investigated using a number of weak inorganic and organic acid eluents. During this investigation, several separations were achieved and the most suitable eluent conditions were identified. It was concluded that: (a) 1.5 mM HNO₃-0.5mM pyridine-2,6-dicar☐ylic acid eluent was the most effective for the simultaneous separation of common alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, (b) 1.5 mM oxalic acid eluent resulted in the best separation of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations, (c) 0.5 mM CuSO₄ eluent could be used for the separation of alkali metal cations alone and (d) 0.5 mM ethylenediamine-oxalic acid eluent at pH 5.5 resulted in themost efficient separation of both alkaline earth and transition metal cations.     

Detection of metal ions using ion-channel sensor based on self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid

Gold electrodes were chemically modified with thioctic acid monolayer designed to mimic biological ion-channel membranes. The technique was then used in the determination of alkali, alkaline earth, thallium(I), and lanthanum metal cations as analytes. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) of [Fe(CN)6]³⁻ an electroactive marker, were measured in the presence of the various types of analyte cations. In the absence of the analyte cation, electrostatic repulsion between the marker anions and the carboxylate groups of the receptor monolayer hindered the approach of the marker anion to the electrode surface and hence hindered its reduction. The modified electrodes responded well to the metal cations except the alkali metal cations. The sensors could detect the trivalent cation La³⁺ at concentrations as low as 10⁻⁸ M. The response of the sensor to the metal cations increase in the order alkali metal3+ can be discriminated in the ratio 1:100. This makes it possible to determine the trivalent ion in a sample matrix containing monovalent and divalent cations. Thallium(I) ion showed marked deviation in its response as compared to monovalent ions of the alkali metals. The ion-channel sensor based on self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid therefore offers a potential alternative technique for the selective determination of metal ions.     

Maleic acid-styrene encapsulated silica cation exchanger in high performance liquid chromatography

The use of poly(maleic acid–styrene)-encapsulated silica for the determination of monovalent and divalent cations is well accepted in ion chromatography. The separation of Mn²⁺, alkali and alkaline earth metal cations is obtained under the same chromatographic conditions. The influences of pH and the concentration of eluent on the retention of cations have been studied. The preparation conditions of packings were studied. The metal ions in the boiler water samples from a thermal power plant were quantitatively determined using this column. The results are in agreement with those determined by ICP and Volumetric analysis methods.     

Separation and Determination of Monovalent and Divalent Cations by the Facile Propylsulfonic Acid Functionalized Silica Stationary Phase

A facile strong cation-exchange stationary phase based on propylsulfonic acid functionalized silica was prepared through the oxidation in situ of 3-mercaptopropyl silica and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The phase was used to separate monovalent and divalent inorganic cations with strong acid as mobile phase. Simultaneous separation of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals was examined and the cations sodium, magnesium and calcium in tap water were determined.     

Fluorometric sensing of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations by novel photosensitive monoazacryptand derivatives in aqueous micellar solutions

Novel monoazacryptand-type fluorescent chemosensors, (derived from an 18-crown-6) and (derived from a 15-crown-5) both with a pyrene ring as their photoresponsive moiety, were synthesized. Their fluorescence properties for alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations in water were then examined. The detection of metal cations was accomplished by a change in the fluorescence intensity of the host compounds, based on a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. In aqueous solution, showed little fluorescence upon the addition of Ba2+ because of the very weak complexation with Ba2+, but the presence of micelles of polyoxyethylene(10) isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) enabled to show highly sensitive and selective Ba2+ detection among alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations. With respect to the selective fluorescent detection of important metal cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) relevant to living organisms, was found to detect K+ with high selectivity in aqueous micellar solutions of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween-60). The selectivity for metal cations was mainly dependent on the goodness of fit of the host cavity and the metal cation size. In the presence of anionic surfactants, detected alkaline earth metal cations more effectively than alkali metal cations.     

Effect of cation size and charge on the interaction between silica surfaces in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 aqueous electrolytes

Application of two complementary AFM measurements, force vs separation and adhesion force, reveals the combined effects of cation size and charge (valency) on the interaction between silica surfaces in three 1:1, three 2:1, and three 3:1 metal chloride aqueous solutions of different concentrations. The interaction between the silica surfaces in 1:1 and 2:1 salt solutions is fully accounted for by ion-independent van der Waals (vdW) attraction and electric double-layer repulsion modified by cation specific adsorption to the silica surfaces. The deduced ranking of mono- and divalent cation adsorption capacity (adsorbability) to silica, Mg(2+) < Ca(2+) < Na(+) < Sr(2+) < K(+) < Cs(+), follows cation bare size as well as cation solvation energy but does not correlate with hydrated ionic radius or with volume or surface ionic charge density. In the presence of 3:1 salts, the coarse phenomenology of the force between the silica surfaces as a function of salt concentration resembles that in 1:1 and 2:1 electrolytes. Nevertheless, two fundamental differences should be noticed. First, the attraction between the silica surfaces is too large to be attributed solely to vdW force, hence implying an additional attraction mechanism or gross modification of the conventional vdW attraction. Second, neutralization of the silica surfaces occurs at trivalent cation concentrations that are 3 orders of magnitude smaller than those characterizing surface neutralization by mono- and divalent cations. Consequently, when trivalent cations are added to our cation adsorbability series the correlation with bare ion size breaks down abruptly. The strong adsorbability of trivalent cations to silica contrasts straightforward expectations based on ranking of the cationic solvation energies, thus suggesting a different adsorption mechanism which is inoperative or weak for mono- and divalent cations.     

A weak cation exchanger by encapsulating silica with maleic anhydride–modified polyvinyl alcohol

A novel weak cation exchanger is described by encapsulating silica with a (or multiple) layer(s) of maleic anhydride–modified polyvinyl alcohol coating(s). The preparation method is facile and fast, which is simply performed by dipping silica particles into maleic anhydride–modified polyvinyl alcohol solution as‐synthesized, then filtering and curing thermally, and finally generating a thin coating onto silica particles. Multiple layers of maleic anhydride–modified polyvinyl alcohol coatings can be generated by repeating above steps, offering an easy way to manipulate the capacity. The obtained weak cation exchanger demonstrated high separation efficiency and good selectivity toward common inorganic cations, for example, high plate count of 81 000 per meter was obtained for NH₄⁺. Simultaneous separation of alkali and alkaline earth metals could be achieved within 14 min under isocratic conditions.     

Synthesis of a chemically bonded weak cation exchange material by conversion of an allyl phase

Summary The allyl bonded phase is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a weak cation exchange material. The double bond is first converted to an aldehyde by an ozonation reaction and then subsequent oxidation to the carboxylate group is accomplished with dichromate. Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) is used to monitor the conversion process. The presence of the aldehyde functional group is confirmed by reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. ESCA spectra reveal no residual chromium on the silica surface. The product is tested chromatographically by the retention of alkylarylketones, the ion-exchange behavior of both monovalent and divalent cations, the retention of nucleosides and bases, and the separation of a mixture of hemoglobins.     

Selectivity of bacterial ionophore monensin for monovalent metal cations. Solvent effects in methanol and biphasic water-organic systems

Interactions of ionophore monensin with heavy metal monovalent cations, Ag⁺, Tl⁺, Hg ₂ ²⁺ , were studied in methanol and in various biphasic waterorganic solvent systems to supplement previous data on alkali-metal cations. The species formed were identified and the corresponding formation constants determined. Enthalpies of formation were also obtained in methanol for Ag⁺ and Tl⁺ from calorimetric measurements. The results for monovalent cations in general are discussed in terms of cation size and solvation, and structure of the ionophore anion.     

Sodium polyacrylate adsorption onto anionic and cationic silica in the presence of salts

Sodium polyacrylate is well known for its application as a scale inhibitor in common household products, and the effects of both monovalent and divalent metal cations on its structure have been covered by a range of previous publications. In the present article, we extend this work by using solvent relaxation NMR to look at the adsorption of the polyelectrolyte onto both positively and negatively charged silica and how this is altered by calcium chloride. In the anionic case, we found that polyacrylate adsorption was predictably very weak, and interestingly, perhaps counterintuitively, it was further reduced by calcium ions. This is probably linked to NaPA-Ca2+ binding, which changes the conformation and charge of the polyelectrolyte. In contrast, NaPA adsorbs very strongly on cationic silica, to the point that precipitation often occurs, particularly on addition of salt.