Synthesis of terphenyl oligomers as molecular electronic device candidates

Six functionalized bis(phenylene ethynylene)-p,p-terphenyls (BPETs) have been synthesized as potential molecular electronic devices. The molecules containing mono- and dinitro terphenyl cores, were rationally designed based on the electronic properties recently found in oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs). From our understanding of the conductance properties in OPEs, improvement of electronic properties may be possible by using BPETs due to a higher rotational barrier between the central aromatic rings of the compounds prepared here. BPETs cores were functionalized with nitro groups and with different metallic adhesion moieties (alligator clips) to provide new compounds for testing in the nanopore and planar testbed structures.     

Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanowires

Through a hole in a poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) layer that is electrochemically grafted to the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode–that is the route that must be taken by a growing polypyrrole nanowire in the electropolymerization of pyrrole. Chain growth is controlled by diffusion of the monomer through the DMF-swollen PEA layer, which acts as a template for the formation of nanowires (shown in the picture) with diameters of 400–1000 nm and lengths of up to 300 μm.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinylferrocene/Polypyrrole Composites

Conducting polymer composites of polyvinylferrocene and polypyrrole (PVF/PPy) were synthesized chemically by the in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of PVF using FeCl₃ as oxidant. Acetic (CH₃COOH) and boric (H₃BO₃) acids were used as the synthesis medium. Effects of the synthesis medium on the properties of the PVF/PPy composite were investigated. The PVF/PPy composites and homopolymers were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and magnetic susceptibility techniques. Conductivity measurements were performed using the four‐probe technique. We found that the conductivities of PVF/PPy‐H₃BO₃ (1.19 S cm^?1) and PVF/PPy‐CH₃COOH (4.5×10^?1 S cm^?1) increased relative to those of the homopolymers of PPy‐H₃BO₃ (2.1×10^?2 S cm^?1) and PPy‐CH₃COOH (1.2×10^?2 S cm^?1) due to the interaction of PVF with the pyrrole moiety. The stability of all homopolymers and composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and by conductivity measurements during heating‐cooling cycles. There was a small drop in conductivity caused by the annealing of PVF/PPy composites at 70°C. The conductivity of all samples increased with temperature and exhibited stable electrical behavior with increasing temperature. TGA analysis of samples showed that the composites were more stable than the homopolymers or PVF separately. The magnetic susceptibility values of samples were negative, except for PVF/PPy‐H₃BO₃. Morphology changes of the composites investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attributed to synthesis conditions, have a significant effect on their conductivity.     

CYCU-3孔内合成聚吡咯及其电导性能表征

以具有一维介孔孔道的金属有机框架材料CYCU-3作为主体材料,采用碘氧化法在其孔道内进行了吡咯的聚合反应,从而得到了复合材料PPy@CYCU-3。利用粉末X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重、红外、荧光光谱等对CYCU-3、吸附吡咯后的Py@CYCU-3以及孔内聚合后的复合材料PPy@CYCU-3进行了表征,证明了孔内聚合的成功进行,而且在聚合过程中,CYCU-3基本保持了结构的稳定,形貌也未发生改变。而且,PPy@CYCU-3复合材料是具有多孔性和电导性的多功能材料。氮气吸附表明该材料为典型的微孔材料,其BET比表面积为420 m2·g~(-1)。电导测试表明该材料的电导率为10-7 S·cm~(-1),高于CYCU-3的电导率(σ≈10-13S·cm-1)6个数量级,是一种半导体材料。     

聚吡咯衍生物的合成及液晶性能

系统论述了新型导电功能性液晶聚合物3-和N-液晶基元取代聚吡咯的合成和液晶行为。指出通过化学氧化聚合、电化学氧化聚合和脱卤缩合聚合可以获得液晶性聚吡咯衍生物。它们均显示热致液晶行为，且多数呈现近晶液晶相，少数呈现向列液晶相，有些具有2种近晶相，有些具有单变液晶性。N-液晶基元取代聚吡咯比3-位取代聚吡咯具有较高的液晶稳定性。较长的亚甲基间隔和极性的介晶基团能够使N-取代聚吡咯具有较大的液晶微区和稳定的液晶相。N-取代液晶聚吡咯在摩擦力的作用下还可以诱发单轴取向。这种热致液晶性聚吡咯衍生物的研究成功有希望克服聚吡咯难以成型加工的巨大障碍。     

多棱微米结构聚吡咯(PPy)的可控合成

首次通过化学氧化法将α-环糊精分子/吡咯单体包结物聚合制备得到了一系列具有多棱状微纳米结构形貌的聚吡咯材料。扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)结果显示合成的多棱状聚吡咯的微观形貌为各截面边长从2.0μm到5.0μm不等,棱边长约20μm的空心棱柱状结构。合成的聚吡咯的分子结构以红外谱图(FT-IR)进行表征,证实了得到的聚吡咯分子结构中环糊精的存在。最后讨论了多棱状聚吡咯的形成机理。该方法为合成具有特殊形貌的微纳米结构导电高分子材料提供了一种新途径。     

Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles by Dispersion Polymerization

The influence of pyrrole, oxidant (FeCl₃), and polymeric stabilizer (polyvinyl alcohol) concentrations and of temperature on the rate of redox dispersion polymerization of pyrrole, diameter of the forming particles, and their size distribution was studied with the aim to prepare polypyrrole nanoparticles.     

聚吡咯纳米线(管)的合成

聚吡咯纳米线(管)是一种极具应用潜力的新材料.本文综述了聚吡咯纳米线(管)的各种合成方法.并对各方法的优缺点进行了评述.     

纳米石墨薄片/聚吡咯复合材料的制备及导电性能

膨胀石墨经过超声处理制备了纳米石墨薄片。以其为导电填料，对甲苯磺酸为掺杂剂，FeCl₃·6H₂O为氧化剂，引发吡咯单体发生原位聚合，制备出纳米石墨薄片/聚吡咯(NanoGs/PPy)复合材料。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了材料的组成和结构。结果表明，石墨薄片被聚吡咯完全包覆；并且以纳米级尺寸分散在聚吡咯基体中。热失重(TG)分析和电导率测试结果表明，复合材料的耐热性能和导电性能较纯聚吡咯有所提高。     

聚吡咯纳米线的恒电位合成及形貌分析

采用恒电位法,直接在石墨电极表面快速合成聚吡咯纳米线,并重点研究了聚吡咯纳米线的生成过程及形貌变化规律。结果表明,聚吡咯纳米线的生成包括成核和生长过程,纳米线的形貌随聚合条件的不同而变化,直径随聚合电位、吡咯单体浓度、电解质浓度的升高而增大,这是由于不同聚合条件下聚吡咯的成核速率不同引起的。     

Synthesis and Properties of Polypyrrole/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels

Conducting polymer hydrogels consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) and chitosan (CS) are prepared by static polymerization of pyrrole using methyl orange (MO) as the dopant and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ as the oxidant in the CS aqueous solution. PPy/CS composite hydrogels not only have good electrical conductivities, but also exhibit excellent swelling/deswelling behaviors due to the participation of one-dimensional conducting PPy blocks in the hydrogel network. The effects of the amount of the oxidant and ionic strength on the physical properties of PPy/CS composite hydrogels are studied in detail. The results show that PPy/CS composite hydrogels have improved water absorbencies in saline solutions compared with the conventional polyelectrolyte hydrogel.     

聚吡咯的合成与新型双离子电池性能研究

用反相微乳聚合法制备了十二苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂的导电聚吡咯纳米材料, DBSA既作为表面活性剂又作为掺杂剂, 能够提高聚吡咯的导电性. 用制备出的DBSA-PPy 为正极材料, 石墨为负极材料组装双离子电池, 测试结果表明, C/DBSA-PPy 电池的电化学性能已达到传统锂离子电池的水平, 这是因其具有较高的导电性和特殊掺杂结构的聚吡咯使其电化学性能得到优化.     

Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Electroactive Conducting Polypyrrole Polymers

Conducting/electroactive polypyrrole polymers are synthesized electrochemically on glassy carbon in various electrolytes (counterions). The polymers' electroactivity is measured using cyclic voltammetry. The electrolytes are chloride, nitrate, p-toluene sulfonate, dodecyl sulfate, and dodecylbenzenesulfonate of sodium and potassium ferrocyanide. It is found that the electrolyte (dopant) markedly affects the redox behavior of the polypyrrole films.     

掺杂聚吡咯钨磷钴和钨磷镍三元杂多酸的电合成及其电化学性质

电化学性能;掺杂聚吡咯钨磷钴和钨磷镍三元杂多酸的电合成及其电化学性质     

Synthesis and Characterization of Some N-substituted Polypyrrole Derivatives: Towards Glucose Sensing Electrodes

Synthesis and chemical oxidative polymerization of some N-substituted pyrroles ((N-Py)s) were carried out using Clauson-Kaas method and FeCl₃ in CHCl₃ medium, respectively. The produced polymers, N-(p-benzoic acid)polypyrrole (NpbPPy); N-(o-aminophenyl)polypyrrole (NoaPPy); N-(m-nitrophenyl) polypyrrole (NmnPPy), were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. An enzymatic glucose biosensor is fabricated through immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOX) into N-substitued polypyrrole matrixes. The parameters affecting the fabrication and experimental conditions of biosensors were optimized. The best biosensor results were obtained for NpbPPy matrix. The sensitivity of the proposed biosensor permitted the determination of glucose in the concentration range of 0–9.2 M with a detection limit of 1× 10^{? 6}. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (K_M ^app) for the sensor was found to be 25.95 mM.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Modified Graphene/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on both modified/unmodified graphene and polypyrrole, were investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitor application. All the nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization method using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The amine functionalization of Graphene was confirmed by FTIR and X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis were performed to study the morphology of the nanocomposites. The maximum capacitance value was found as 240 F/g for unmodified graphene based composite. Though the capacitance value was found to be lower for modified graphene based composite, the cyclic stability was found to be higher as compared to unmodified graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite.     

Synthesis of Specially Designed Adhesion Promoter for Grafting Polypyrrole

Summary: Adhesion of conducting polymers to the metal/metal oxide surfaces is not strong. An attempt was made to modify these reactive metal surfaces by N-derivatised pyrroles. ω-(pyrrol-1-yl alkyl) phosphonic acids with different chain lengths were successfully synthesized and characterized. These derivatives were studied for their adsorption and self-assembling phenomena onto Ti/TiO₂, Ta/Ta₂O₅ and Al/Al₂O₃. Various analytical tools were used to characterize the modified surface. Contact angle measurements indicated an increase in hydrophobicity after adsorption that was further confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies showed that the molecules are oriented in a fashion such that phosphonic acid group is attached to the metal surface and pyrrole is pointing away from the surface. The oxidation potential of these derivatives was higher than pyrrole as expected. Surface polymerisation was successfully attempted on the modified metal substrates. The polymerised surface was examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The new compounds not only function as self-assembling molecules, they also exhibit a new class of reactive functionalized derivatives that can be used as monomers for polymerisation.     

硝酸钾晶体诱导合成聚吡咯

以吡咯为单体,FeCl3为氧化剂,在KNO3晶体悬浮液中采用化学氧化法合成了聚吡咯,其结构、形貌和电导率经IR,SEM和四探针电导率仪表征.实验结果表明,硝酸钾在悬浮液中的结晶速度和晶体形貌对聚吡咯的形貌有不同的影响,通过控制硝酸钾的结晶速度和晶体形貌,能够合成出具有山谷状的微纳米结构特征的聚吡咯;其电导率比本征态聚吡...     

聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的合成及电容性能

通过原位聚合方法制备不同配比的聚吡咯/氧化石墨（PPy/GO）复合物,将其用NaBH4还原得到聚吡咯/还原氧化石墨烯(PPy/RGO)复合物,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对其结构和形貌进行物理表征。 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学方法系统研究了所制备样品的电化学性能。 实验结果表明,在电流密度为0.5 A/g、吡咯（Py）与GO质量比为95∶5时,得到的复合物还原前后比电容分别可达401.5和314.5 F/g,远高于单纯的GO（34.8 F/g）和PPy（267.5 F/g）。 经过1200圈循环稳定性测试后,PPy/RGO复合物比电容保持了原来的62.5%,与PPy和PPy/GO（电容保持率分别为16.8%和46.4%）相比,PPy/RGO表现出更好的循环稳定性能,有望成为超级电容器电极材料。     

Organic electronic solid state device: electrochemistry of material preparation

The application of electrochemical methods for the preparation of organic semiconductors for transistors, thermoelectric elements, and photovoltaic devices is briefly reviewed and discussed. Emphasis is given to the properties and material characteristics required for these applications, indicating niches where the use of electrochemical techniques is or could be advantageous.