Impurity behaviours of HL-2A divertor tokamak during the initial operation period

The divertor configuration was successfully formed and the siliconization as a wall conditioning was first achieved on HL-2A tokamak experimentally in 2004. The divertor configuration is reconstructed by the use of the CFC code. Impurity as an important issue is investigated in the experiments with divertor configuration and wall conditioning. Impurities dramatically decrease after both the divertor configuration is formed and silicon is coated on the surface of the vacuum vessel.     

HL-2M 装置真空系统调试运行

在装置初步建成阶段,有序地开展真空系统的调试内容梳理,制定合理的调试步骤和调试方案,有 利于装置各系统的功能确认和故障排除,高效地开展各系统协同运行,为 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电提供装 置辅助系统层面的放电条件准备。装置真空系统主要涉及超高真空抽气系统、器壁处理系统和送气加料系统等。 基于制定的联调目标,针对 HL-2M 装置真空相关系统开展了界面关系梳理、子系统调试方案制定、系统工程联 调步骤和方案的拟定等工作,通过联调完成了装置在真空获得、壁处理、加料等方面的条件准备,为初始放电提 供了基本保障。      

HL-1托卡马克中的氢再循环

本文从粒子平衡方程出发,运用Howe的氢再循环模型,借助于设置在不同位置并经绝对校准的H_α探测器测得的信号强度等实验数据,研究了HL-1托卡马克放电中总体再循环系数随时间变化,并采用Ehrenberg定义的加料效率的概念来分析在不同壁和孔栏条件或各种工作气体情况下的壁抽吸和壁加料现象,用四极质谱仪观察并比较了不同等离子体放电后的粒子释放情况,较系统地研究了HL-1装置不同运行条件下的再循环现象及其对粒子约束特性的影响。 关键词：     

MW级中性束注入弧电源系统优化

中性束注入弧电源的性能严重影响弧放电的稳定性和中性束加热的效率。HL-2A装置弧电源采用基于晶闸管相控调压和12脉波不控整流的线性电源技术;HL-2M测试束线弧电源采用基于超级电容和IGBT全控整流的开关电源技术。为了优化电源系统性能、改进弧放电稳定性,研究了采样频率对弧放电稳定性的影响。通过对两套电源控制系统进行建模,利用MATLAB仿真了不同采样频率下HL-2M弧流电源控制系统的阶跃响应性能和HL-2A的控制系统性能,分析了采样频率对系统性能的影响。利用离子源测试平台进行不同采样频率下的弧放电实验对仿真结果进行验证,实验结果与仿真结果一致。实验结果验证:采样频率对弧放电稳定性有很大影响,在频率可调范围内,增大采样频率,可以提高控制系统性能,优化弧放电稳定性;HL-2A弧放电不稳定的原因是晶闸管导通特性和滤波电路引起的。     

HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电阶段的直流辉光放电清洗系统研制

基于 HL-2M 托卡马克初始等离子体放电的工程需求,设计并研制了直流辉光放电清洗系统,包括电 极、馈线、电源、控制以及监测等关键部件和辅助子系统。研制完成后开展了系统装配和工程调试,并投入到首 次等离子体放电。实验结果表明,该直流辉光放电系统运行稳定、可靠,且此辉光放电清洗显著降低了真空室本 底杂质浓度,能满足 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电的壁条件需求。     

The Introduction to the ECRH System of the HL-2A Tokamak

The 1 MW/68 GHz/1 s ECRH system of HL-2A device is being designed or fabricated. The O mode wave beams are injected into plasma from low field side of the HL-2A tokomak. Because the EC wave can heat plasma locally, it is a very versatile scheme which has been employed to heating, current drive, profile control, confinement improvement. Up to now, the basic physical and engineering parameters of the whole system have been fixed and the subsystems are being designed or fabricated.     

HL-2A装置反馈控制系统程序放电的实现

HL-2A装置反馈控制系统的主要任务是逐步实现对等离子体电流、位移、形状和密度的实时反馈控制，从而能够按照实验目的对托卡马克等离子体进行各种试验。主要介绍了HL-2A装置反馈控制系统的硬件组成以及软件的结构和特点。这个系统能够很好地满足HL-2A装置程序放电的要求。     

导体壳对电阻磁流体不稳定性的影响

结合HL-1装置的条件,采用撕裂模的准线性理论,研究了托克马克中导体壁对m=2/n=1扰动模的稳定作用。着重研究了导体壁位置,等离子体电流分布,等离子体位形对这种稳定效应的影响。结果表明,共振面的位置与壁的稳定作用有密切关系,存q_a接近于2的位形中,m=2的撕裂模扰动可以被靠近等离子体的导体壁完全抑制。导体壁的稳定效应与等离子体电流分布相联系,在一些现实的电流分布中,只要适当地压低等离子体边界区的电流密度,壁的稳定效应会更加显现出来。     

HL-2A 装置偏滤器改造的初步设计

根据HL- 2A 装置的结构特点, 提出了HL- 2A 装置偏滤器系统改造的基本方向。对HL- 2A 极向场线圈系统进行了优化设计, 计算了单零平衡位形, 进行了开放式偏滤器的结构设计, 并对新的偏滤器系统进行了热分析和结构分析。结果表明, 新的偏滤器系统新的偏滤器系统能够满足具有一定拉长比和三角形变的等离子体放电要求。     

EPICS ��HL-2A ����ϵͳPLC �ϵIJ���

为了提高HL-2A装置的实验数据交换效率,通过在HL-2A上部署EPICS系统,结合HL-2A的控制系统PLC,提出并建立了一种可行的HL-2A指令与数据共享方法,同时给出了程序的实例.     

Density and impurity profile behaviours in HL-2A tokamak with different gas fuelling methods

The electron density profile peaking and the impurity accumulation in the HL-2A tokamak plasma are observed when three kinds of fuelling methods are separately used at different fuelling particle locations. The density profile becomes more peaked when the line-averaged electron density approaches the Greenwald density limit n_G and, consequently, impurity accumulation is often observed. A linear increase regime in the density range n_e< 0.6n_G and a saturation regime in n_e > 0.6n_G are obtained. There is no significant difference in achieved density peaking factor f_ne between the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and gas puffing into the plasma main chamber. However, the achieved f_ne is relatively low, in particular, in the case of density below 0.7n_G, when the working gas is puffed into the divertor chamber. A discharge with a density as high as 1.2n_G, i.e. n_e = 1.2n_G, can be achieved by SMBI just after siliconization as a wall conditioning. The metallic impurities, such as iron and chromium, also increase remarkably when the impurity accumulation happens. The mechanism behind the density peaking and impurity accumulation is studied by investigating both the density peaking factor versus the effective collisionality and the radiation peaking versus density peaking.     

Study of the Protection System for LHCD on the HL-2A Tokamak

LHCD experiment has been carried through in HL-1M tokamak since 1995, and the work is successful. This years the LHCD experiment would go ahead on the HL-2A tokamak that had been improved from HL-1M system.     

Design and Studies of Disruption Prediction System on the HL-2A Tokamak

In the contemporary large tokamak, the disruptive termination of a discharge will reduce the lifetime of the first wall materials because of the intense heat flux at the energy quench and the intense runaway electrons during the current quench, and generate high electromagnetic forces on vacuum vessel components. The system of disruption warner must be established in the HL-2A tokamak. MHD real-time measuring and processing system has been designed and implemented. The system can be predicted the auras of dischage disruption in real-time, the energy quench and the current quench can be avoidanced.     

HL-2M装置中性束注入加热系统研制进展

为开展磁约束堆芯燃烧等离子体物理实验,正在建造的HL-2M装置拟建造3条5 MW的中性束注入加热束线。简要概述了HL-2M装置NBI加热系统的总体规划,第1条5MW-NBI加热束线的设计,离子源调试实验,注入器核心部件的安装和测试结果。通过调试,目前单个离子源引出束流达到36 A,加速电压75 kV,离子束功率达到2.4 MW,脉冲宽度3 s。通过测试发现:注入器的4条离子束汇聚角误差小于±0.1°,残留离子偏转磁体的磁场测试值与模拟计算值偏差小于±5%,注入器静态真空值达到1.0×10-3 Pa。注入器采用大型非标低温泵,低温泵的抽速达到2.40×106 L/s。第1条5MW-NBI加热束线的试装和测试结果表明,该束线能够满足HL-2M装置NBI加热的技术要求。     

聚变装置全域监控集成通用框架的设计与研究

为简化实验物理和工业控制系统(EPICS)在 HL-2M 装置的部署和使用,基于 Web 技术设计了一个 用于聚变装置全域监控集成的通用软件框架。软件框架的主体包含以 EPICS 的控制反转(IOC)为核心的底层基础 设施,基于 EPICS Archiver Appliance 的归档存储服务器以及 Web 应用程序三个部分。利用此框架,在聚变装置 各子系统上快速部署全域监控集成的基础设施,并通过 Web 网页进行统一的配置和管理。软件框架已经在 HL-2A 装置的若干子系统上成功进行了测试,能够满足目前监控集成的基本需求。     

HL-2A装置偏滤器室中性气体压强的初步研究

HL-2A装置上首次实现了偏滤器位形放电。采用专门研制的可在强磁场和强噪声环境下工作的快响应真空电离规对偏滤器室内的中性气体压强进行了测量,给出了HL-2A装置偏滤器有关结构的基础数据。初步研究了偏滤器位形和孔栏位形放电期间偏滤器室中性气体压强的特性。     

A New Criterion for Disruption Prediction on HL-2A

A new criterion has been proposed to predict the major disruptions caused by tearing mode instabilities. According to the HL-2A experimental results, the statistical analyses are employed to investigate the relationships between MHD activities and the plasma disruptions. Two kinds of the tearing mode activities can finally cause the disruption on HL-2A operations. By introducing a new parameter, i.e. an integral of poloidal magnetic field over time, as the criterion of disruption precursor, almost all of the disruptions can be predicted.     

管外流诱导管束振动强化传热试验研究

本文提出了利用管外流体诱导振动实现强化传热的新方法.采用了一种新的传热元件-弹性管束,它对管外流体流动具有良好的振动响应特性.提出了正置三角柱脉动流发生装置,该装置可诱导起弹性管束一定频率的周期性振动,并对强化传热具有显著的促进作用.在恒热流条件下,对管外水流诱导振动强化对流换热规律进行了试验研究,得到了管外对流换热的准则方程式.     

HL—1M装置器壁硅化对电子速率分布的影响

在欧姆加热和低混杂波电流驱动条件下,利用磺化汞半导体探测器和碘化钠和探测器测出了ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置的Ｘ射线能谱,研究了器壁硅化前后电子速率分布和电子温度变化的特点,给出了Ｘ射线辐射强度与ＬＨＣＤ能量沉积的关系。