共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 83 毫秒
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低价钛诱导的芳香邻二酮及α-羟基酮的还原偶联反应侯自杰,刘利军,张建华,李裕林(兰州大学有机化学研究所,兰州,730000)关键词低价钛,芳香邻二酮,芳香α-羟基酮,偶联羰基化合物在低价钛诱导下的还原偶联反应已有深入研究并在有机合成中得到广泛应用[1... 相似文献
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含硫化合物在天然产物、药物、农药和材料中广泛存在,具有多种生物活性或独特功能.C—S偶联反应是合成含硫化合物的重要方法,是有机合成领域的研究热点之一.随着对催化剂的深入开发和对含硫偶联反应物的不断扩展,近年来涌现出大量的C—S偶联反应方法,为含硫化合物的合成提供了便利.芳香卤代烃是合成含硫化合物的主要底物,通过设计不同的反应体系和含硫偶联反应物进行C—S偶联反应,能够高效地合成硫酚、硫醚、二硫醚和砜等含硫化合物.按照不同种类的含硫偶联反应物类型和催化剂种类(钯、铜和镍等)进行分类,综述了近年来以芳香卤代烃为底物的C—S偶联反应,并对代表性反应的机理做了简要说明和比较.此外,还对这一领域目前存在的问题和局限性进行简要分析,并对未来发展方向提出展望. 相似文献
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报道了一个简单、 高选择性合成烯基化芳香杂环化合物的反应体系. 在钯的催化作用下, 以乙酸/乙酸酐或四氢呋喃为溶剂, 芳香杂环化合物与烯基化试剂进行交叉脱氢偶联, 合成了系列具有潜在光学活性的烯基化芳香杂环化合物, 确定了最佳反应条件. 采用紫外光谱、 核磁共振氢谱和X射线单晶衍射对目标化合物进行了表征, 并对反应机理进行了探讨. 相似文献
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通过氮α-位碳自由基构造氮α-位碳-碳键是合成含氮有机化合物的重要方法. 近期, 利用可见光催化氧化芳香叔胺—氮α-位去质子化形成氮α-位碳自由基的原理发展了一系列新颖的自由基加成(偶联)反应, 成为氮α-位碳自由基化学发展的重要方向. 本文应用Ir-催化剂, 实现了光催化氧化还原体系中硝酮与芳香叔胺的自由基偶联反应, 高效地合成β-氨基羟胺化合物. 该反应条件温和、操作简单, 具有较高的原子经济性, 且对于各种链状、环状以及手性硝酮都具有良好的适用性, 产物可方便地转化为重要的邻二胺化合物. 相似文献
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β┐二羰基化合物的电解氧化偶联反应朱洪友张成敏刘复初*(云南大学化学系昆明650091)关键词β-二羰基化合物,电氧化,偶联反应1997-06-04收稿,1997-12-10修回云南省应用基础研究基金资助项目在有机合成上,β-二羰基化合物的偶联是形成... 相似文献
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碱土金属氧化物或碳酸盐为多种类型甲烷氧化偶联制取C_2烃催化剂的重要组分之一.有关纯碱土金属氧化物及含氧酸盐的研究表明,这类化合物具有较强的表面碱性及高温P型半导性而对活化甲烷生成C_2烃有较高活性,关于不同碱土金属化合物之间混合形成的二元碱土金属复合体系催化剂的报导仍不多见,Aika等人曾报导用BaO与CaO或MgO混合的催化剂上在1073K时可以获得61.1%C_2烃选择性和14.2%的C_2烃收率,但BaO易在反应条件下与水反应生成Ba(OH)_2而腐蚀器壁,不利于长期操作.本文报导了一系列不同碱土金属化合物之间形成的二元碱土复合体系催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的反应结果.结果表明,这类催化剂由于其结构稳定、活性好而值得进一步研究. 相似文献
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芳香偶氮化合物具有独特的光致顺反异构特性,不仅应广泛用于传统化学工业,还将应用于光化学分子开关、主客体超分子化学识别、自组装液晶材料、生物医学成像与化学分析以及光驱分子马达等诸多新兴科学领域.特别具挑战性的是开发具有高化学稳定性和热稳定性又易检测的偶氮发色团,近年来受到科研工作者们的高度关注.随着人们对研究新型芳香偶氮衍生物的迫切需要,又相继创新和发展了一些更新、更有效的芳香偶氮化合物合成方法,综述了最近新型芳香偶氮衍生物合成方法的新进展,尤其强调了芳基肼的氧化脱氢反应和金属催化偶联反应、芳胺的氧化反应、硝基芳香化合物的还原偶联反应、芳香偶氮氧化物的转化与还原、叠氮芳香化合物的催化偶联与热分解反应以及芳香基重氮盐的偶合与催化偶联反应等在芳香偶氮化合物合成方面应用的新趋势. 相似文献
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Iwao Omae 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2007,692(13):2608-2632
There are three types of reactions with intramolecular five-membered ring compounds in organic syntheses: The first type is reactions involving intramolecular five-membered ring compounds which are utilized for the ease of synthesis of these compounds and the stability of the products. The second is reactions performed via intramolecular five-membered ring intermediates, because such intermediates are very reactive and labile compounds. The third is the metal-catalyzed reactions with the intramolecular five-membered ring compounds because these metal compounds have catalytic activities. The third type reactions involving intramolecular five-membered ring pincer compounds are also provided.The first type reactions include carbonylations, alkenylations, alkynylations, acylations, isocyanations, Diels-Alder reactions, etc. The second type reactions include carbonylations, cross-coupling reactions, hydroacylations, ring expansion reactions, carbocyclizations, etc. The third type reactions include cross-coupling reactions, rearrangements, metatheses, reductions, Michael reactions, dehydrogenations, Diels-Alder reactions, etc. 相似文献
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2,3-联烯醇是一类含1,2-二烯官能团和羟基的化合物, 具有很高的反应活性, 它及其衍生物是一类重要的联烯化合物. 概述了2,3-联烯醇及其衍生物的反应, 包括2,3-联烯醇在过渡金属催化下的自身异构环化反应、钯催化的偶联反应、钌催化的环羰基化反应、不同条件下不同方式的扩环反应、亲电试剂参与的反应、分子内环加成反应、自由基反应等和2,3-联烯醇衍生物在零价钯催化下基于亚甲基-π-烯丙基钯中间体生成联烯或1,3-共轭二烯的区域选择性反应, SN2'类型的加成-消除反应, 二价钯催化下的分子内环化反应以及重排反应等. 相似文献
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在无机化学领域中,水解反应早已为人熟知,但很少被系统讨论。本文将无机化学中的水解反应进行汇总并分类:水溶液中的水解反应,固态物质加热时的水解反应和水解缩合反应。本文介绍了水溶液中水解反应的水解机理、水解反应及水解反应产物在生产、生活中的应用。 相似文献
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Chemical kinetics of reactions in the unfrozen solution of ice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Some reactions are accelerated in ice compared to aqueous solution at higher temperatures. Accelerated reactions in ice take place mainly due to the freeze-concentration effect of solutes in an unfrozen solution at temperatures higher than the eutectic point of the solution. Pincock was the first to report an acceleration model for reactions in ice,1 which successfully simulated experimental results. We propose here a modified version of the model for reactions in ice. The new model includes the total molar change involved in reactions in ice. Furthermore, we explain why many reactions are not accelerated in ice. The acceleration of reactions can be observed in the cases of (i) second- or higher-order reactions, (ii) low concentrations, and (iii) reactions with a small activation energy. Reactions with a buffer solution or additives in order to adjust ion strength, zero- or first-order reactions, or reactions containing high reactant concentrations are not accelerated by freezing. We conclude that the acceleration of reactions in the unfrozen solution of ice is not an abnormal phenomenon. 相似文献
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Dr. A. Nijamudheen Prof. Dr. Ayan Datta 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(7):1442-1487
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are central to many organic synthesis methodologies. Traditionally, Pd, Ni, Cu, and Fe catalysts are used to promote these reactions. Recently, many studies have showed that both homogeneous and heterogeneous Au catalysts can be used for activating selective cross-coupling reactions. Here, an overview of the past studies, current trends, and future directions in the field of gold-catalyzed coupling reactions is presented. Design strategies to accomplish selective homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, computational and experimental mechanistic studies, and their applications in diverse fields are critically reviewed. Specific topics covered are: oxidant-assisted and oxidant-free reactions; strain-assisted reactions; dual Au and photoredox catalysis; bimetallic synergistic reactions; mechanisms of reductive elimination processes; enzyme-mimicking Au chemistry; cluster and surface reactions; and plasmonic catalysis. In the relevant sections, theoretical and computational studies of AuI/AuIII chemistry are discussed and the predictions from the calculations are compared with the experimental observations to derive useful design strategies. 相似文献
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Iwao Omae 《Coordination chemistry reviews》2011,255(1-2):139-160
Cyclocarbonylation reactions proceed mainly by the coupling reactions of carbonylation components with cyclization components having an unsaturated π-electron bond, in the presence of transition metal compounds. The representative reactions are cyclocarbonylation of alkynes by carbon monoxide such as Pauson–Khand reactions, hetero Pauson–Khand reactions, cyclocarbonylation of alkynyl alcohols, cyclocarbonylation of alkynyl amines, cyclocarbonylative alkyne–alkyne coupling reactions, and reductive cyclocarbonylation of alkynes. The other reactions are cyclocarbonylation of alkenes by carbon monoxide such as alkene–alkene coupling reactions, cyclocarbonylation with aldehydes, ketones, amines or imines, cyclocarbonylation of alkenyl alcohols. Carbonylation via cyclometalation, carbonylative ring expansion reactions, cyclocarbonylation by aldehydes, carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid esters are also cyclocarbonylation reactions. These reactions are conveniently used for organic syntheses, especially, for the syntheses of pharmaceutical intermediates. 相似文献
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The historical background of and the incentive for using ruthenium carbonyl clusters as homogeneous catalysts are outlined.
Keeping in view the possible solutions the uncertainties arising from declusterification and metal colloid formation are discussed.
All ruthenium cluster-catalysed reactions are broadly classified as reactions with or without carbon monoxide as one of the
reactants and the basic differences between such reactions are highlighted. Some of the factors of special relevance to cluster-catalysed
reaction systems are mentioned. The reactions involving carbon monoxide are then discussed. These include water-gas-shift
reaction, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydroformylation, reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene and other carbonylation
reactions. Hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, isomerisation and a few other reactions are then discussed. For all these
reactions, special emphasis is laid on well-characterised cluster complexes that have been proposed as catalytic intermediates.
Finally an attempt has been made to identify the path that future research in cluster catalysis is likely to follow. 相似文献
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Kizashi Yamaguchi 《Chemical physics letters》1974,28(1):93-97
The insertion and abstraction reactions are investigated on the basis of the Heisenberg model. These reactions are characterized as spin-symmetry forbidden and allowed reactions, respectively. It is pointed out that free radical reactions occur readily when there is no spin degeneracy in the course of these reactions. The rule obtained is discussed in relation to the orbital symmetry conservation rule for concerted reactions. 相似文献
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A. A. Druzhinin 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2005,60(11):1078-1082
Some hypotheses are discussed for the nature of “inhibited” or “kinetically hindered” redox reactions, which are employed as indicator reactions in kinetic analytical methods. Some reactions are considered as examples to demonstrate that redox reactions are kinetically hindered because the key frontier orbitals of the reagents differ in their symmetry types. It is suggested that the redox reactions of this type be considered forbidden by inconsistency between the symmetry types of the key frontier orbitals. 相似文献