金鸡纳碱衍生物和三苯基膦修饰的铱催化芳香酮不对称加氢反应

多相不对称催化反应因为它的应用前景而受到广泛关注,但由于在这类反应中催化剂和底物之间匹配的高度专一性,发掘新催化剂的难度等诸多因素极大地限制了多相不对称催化反应的开发.到目前为止,对于广泛关注的简单芳香酮的多相不对称加氢反应人们还无能为力.四川大学化学学院陈华等研究了以三苯基膦稳定地负载在Si02上的铱催化剂(3%Ir/SiOd2PPh3),在以金鸡纳碱衍生物为修饰剂催化简单芳香酮的不对称氢化反应中,在优化反应条件下,获得了高达96%ee的对映选择性.此工作为首例简单芳香酮经多相催化加氢获得高对映选择性的报道.为简单芳香酮的多相不对称氢化指出了新的方向.同时该工作也是首例以氢气为氢源、金属铱为催化剂的简单芳香酮高选择性不对称加氢的报道.     

芳香酮结构与烯烃加成反应中的区位选择效应的理论研究

研究了芳香酮与烯烃在RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3催化剂催化下发生亲核加成反应生成邻位产物的区位选择效应规律. 采用从头算方法优化得到了12种芳香酮反应物的稳定结构, 研究了共轭效应、电子效应和立体效应对反应活性和选择性的影响, 提出了芳香酮上b位碳原子与羰基在LUMO轨道中形成平面"U弯区"是进行加成反应的必要条件. 在同类骨架结构芳香环上, 相同位置的取代原子不同, b位碳原子的正电荷越大, 生成邻位产物速度越快, 产率相应较高. 当羰基上氧原子与芳香环上邻位碳原子距离达到一定数值, 立体效应占主导位置, 最佳反应距离为0.27~0.30 nm. 同时, 提出芳香酮催化加成反应的可能机理是经过了Ru催化剂与芳香酮上共轭结构的形成, 1, 2氢迁移造成C-H键的断裂而进行的.     

芳香氨基酮选择性还原反应的研究

非均相催化剂(钯碳催化剂)一般会将芳香酮彻底还原至亚甲基产物,而不易得到苄醇类的中间还原产物.本文报道一系列氨基酮用钯碳催化剂催化氢化的结果,随酮底物含有不同种类的氨基而得到不同的氢化产物(亚甲基产物或二级醇产物),部分则不发生还原反应;分析讨论了底物所含氨基对产物的影响及其机理.结果表明,这是一个制备胺基芳香仲醇的有效方法.     

温和条件下对甲基苯磺酸铝高效催化一锅法合成β-氨基酮衍生物

室温条件下,对甲基苯磺酸铝可有效催化芳香酮、芳香醛和芳香胺的Mannich反应,三组分"一锅法"合成了一系列β-氨基酮衍生物.考察了溶剂及反应条件对产率的影响.反应结束后,催化剂经简单相分离可回收并多次重复使用,催化活性无明显下降.产物结构经IR,~1H NMR,元素分析进行表征.     

高分子钯络合物催化生成α-酮酰胺α-酮酯的双羰基化反应

在催化剂的作用下,通过芳香卤代化合物的双羰基化反应,一步直接生成α-酮酰胺 是近年来有机过渡金属化学方面新发现的反应之一。在三乙胺或乙酸钾的存在下,芳香卤代化合物、醇与一氧化碳在催化剂的作用下起双羰基化反应,一步生成酯和α-酮酯     

温和条件下对甲基苯磺酸铝高效催化一锅法合成β-氨基酮衍生物

室温条件下, 对甲基苯磺酸铝可有效催化芳香酮、芳香醛和芳香胺的Mannich反应, 三组分“一锅法”合成了一系列β-氨基酮衍生物. 考察了溶剂及反应条件对产率的影响. 反应结束后, 催化剂经简单相分离可回收并多次重复使用, 催化活性无明显下降. 产物结构经IR, ¹H NMR, 元素分析进行表征.     

金鸡纳碱衍生物钌催化剂催化芳香酮不对称氢转移反应

本文将系列金鸡纳碱及其衍生物与过渡金属钌配合物用于芳香酮不对称氢转移反应。考察了金鸡纳碱结构、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对不对称转移加氢反应的影响。结果表明,金鸡纳碱及其衍生物与金属钌的配合物对芳香酮不对称氢转移反应具有较好的催化作用,在优化的反应条件下转移加氢反应的对映选择性达51%~93%。在催化剂5次循环使用中,苯乙酮转移加氢产物对映选择性基本保持不变。     

用高浓度杂多酸溶液催化苯甲醚与乙酸酐的酰化反应

芳香化合物经Friedel-Crafts酰化反应制备药物和香料中间体芳香酮是近年来人们感兴趣的课题^[1-4]。用于该反应的传统催化剂是Lewis酸金属氯化物。由于反应过程中催化剂可与酰化试剂羧基产物形成配合物,因而催化剂用量大,且所形成的配合物水解后产生大量废液。为了减少环境污染,人们已成功地用分子筛催化剂代替传统催化剂催化芳香化合物的酰化反应^[5-7]。其中包括用分子筛催化各种芳香化合物与乙酸酐的酰化反应^[8]。我们已经研究了用杂多酸－乙酸浓溶液催化异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化反应^[9,10],以及烯烃与羧酸的直接酯化反应^[11]。本文将报道杂多酸－乙酸浓溶液对苯甲醚与乙酸酐酰化反应的催化活性。     

N-溴代丁二酰亚胺水相氧化醇类化合物反应研究

以水为反应介质、NBS为氧化剂,在水相无催化剂条件下实现了醇的氧化.芳香醇、脂肪醇都可以达到95%以上的醛(或酮)产率,但该体系对一些含供电子取代基的醇的反应活性不高,选用salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物作为催化剂,可拓宽反应的底物适用范围.     

离子液体阴阳离子协同催化芳香胺与碳酸丙烯酯反应

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐([bmim]OAc)为催化剂,以芳香胺和碳酸丙烯酯为原料,一步合成了5-甲基-3-芳基噁唑烷-2-酮.系统考察了反应温度、反应时间以及催化剂用量对反应性能的影响.在优化的反应条件下,5-甲基-3-苯基噁唑烷-2-酮的收率可达99％.研究了离子液体阴阳离子结构对反应性能的影响,发现...     

Aromatic substitution

It is demonstrated that a previously developed topological expression for the total π-electron energy of aromatic molecules provides a good qualitative account of localization energies. The logarithm of the ratio of the algebraic structure counts for the ground state and the localized reaction intermediate is the principle energy determining factor. This expression fails for hydrocarbons with unusually small HOMO-LUMO separations. An alternative topological expression that includes a correction for this situation provides an excellent non-empirical explanation for the successful empirical use of Dewar reactivity numbers in correlating exact localization energies. The present analysis provides an explanation for the success of the traditional resonance structure counting technique in predicting relative rates of aromatic substitution. The analysis develop applied only to alternant hydrocarbons.     

Aromatic Superhalogens

No organic molecules with electron affinities near or above those of halogens are known. We show for the first time that aromaticity rules can be used to design molecules with electron affinities far exceeding those of halogen atoms either by tailoring the ligands of cyclopentadienyl or by multiple benzoannulations of cyclopentadienyl in conjunction with the substitution of CH groups with isoelectronic N atoms. Results based on density functional theory revealed that the electron affinities of some of these organic molecules can reach as high as 5.59 eV, thus opening the door to new class of superhalogens that contain neither a metal nor a halogen atom.     

Aromatic Aminocatalysis

Aromatic aminocatalysis refers to transformations that employ aromatic amines, such as anilines or aminopyridines, as catalysts. Owing to the conjugation of the amine moiety with the aromatic ring, aromatic amines demonstrate distinctive features in aminocatalysis compared with their aliphatic counterparts. For example, aromatic aminocatalysis typically proceeds with slower turnover, but is more active and conformationally rigid as a result of the stabilized aromatic imine or iminium species. In fact, the advent of aromatic aminocatalysis can be traced back to before the renaissance of organocatalysis in the early 2000s. So far, aromatic aminocatalysis has been widely applied in bioconjugation reactions through transamination; in asymmetric organocatalysis through imine/enamine tautomerization; and in cooperative catalysis with transition metals through C?H/C?C activation and functionalization. This Focus Review summarizes the advent of and major advances in the use of aromatic aminocatalysis in bioconjugation reactions and organic synthesis.     

Aromatic polydiketopiperazines

Aromatic polydiketopiperazines have been prepared from bis-2-chloroacetamides of aromatic diamines in the presence of an epoxide as HCl acceptor and a quaternary ammonium halide catalyst. The structures of the polymers were characterized by infrared and NMR spectra. These polymers were soluble in organic acids such as formic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid but insoluble in common organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that these polymers decomposed at 300–340°C.     

Aromatic delta-peptides

Oligoamides of 8-amino-2-carboxy-quinoline adopt a very stable helical conformation characterized in solution by 1H NMR and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The helix comprises only 2.5 units per turn, which represents the highest curvature achieved by aromatic oligoamides until now. Monomers possessing alkoxy substituents in position 4 are easily available from 2-nitroaniline and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.     

Aromatic polysulfonamides

Aromatic polysulfonamides have been prepared by solution polycondensation of aromatic disulfonyl chlorides and aromatic diamines with a suitable acid acceptor in such solvents as N,N-dimethylacetamide and tetramethylenesulfone. The highest molecular weight polymers were obtained by using 2,6-dimethylpyridine as the acid acceptor in tetramethylenesulfone as the solvent. Clear, translucent, brittle films of the polysulfonamides may be formed from solution or from melt.     

Aromatic polyesterimides

Several novel arylene bis(trimellitate) dianhydrides have been prepared by: the acidolysis reaction of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) with aromatic diacetoxy compounds and the reaction of trimellitic anhydride monoacid chloride with diphenols. These novel aromatic bisesteranhydrides were reacted with aromatic diamines in polar solvents to give high molecular weight polyamic acid solutions. Heat converted these soluble precursors to insoluble aromatic polyesterimides having good physical and thermal properties. The mechanism of the acidolysis reaction between an aromatic acid and an aromatic acetoxy compound is briefly discussed.     

Aromatic polyamides

Kinetics of the initial degradation of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) and of poly(chloro-2, 4-phenylene isophthalamide) has been studied by TG in inert as well as oxidative atmospheres. The information derived from the kinetic data is in agreement with our earlier reported studies on the degradation mechanism of these polyamides. The difference-differential method of Freeman-Carroll is shown to have problems when applied to high-char forming polymeric materials. The isoconversion method of Ozawa involving simple computations based on a particular reaction extent, is considered suitable for studying the complex degradation behavior of high-temperature and high-char forming polymer systems. Using this procedure, an activation energy of 215–230 kJ/mole is obtained for the initial degradation of the studied aromatic polyamides in inert and oxidative environments.     

Aromatic fluoro-derivatives

Conclusions The action of Wilsmore's reagent on pentafluoroacetophenone leads to the formation 5,6,7,8-tetrafluorochromone and its 2-formyl derivative.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 893–896, April, 1969.