胶束增敏荧光光度法测定小檗碱的含量

在pH 10的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对小檗碱的荧光有明显的增敏作用,且其荧光的增强程度与小檗碱浓度在2.0×10-9～1.0×10-3mol·L-1之间呈线性关系.此反应对小檗碱的检出限(3S/N)为1.29×10-9mol·L-1.利用此反应作为测定小檗碱的方法并应用于小檗碱片剂的分析,测得结果与药典法测定结果相符,对药片的标示量而言,测定所得回收率的平均值为99.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)的平均值为0.17%.     

盐酸吡格列酮-乙基曙红荷移光度测定法

在pH 4.0的盐酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,吡格列酮(PGTZ)与乙基曙红(EE)之间发生荷移反应,形成离子缔合物,使溶液发生褪色现象,且在516 nm波长处测定时,溶液的褪色程度与盐酸吡格列酮的浓度在9.75 × 10-7～1.26×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系.表观摩尔吸光率(ε516)为6.44×104·mol-1·cm-1,检出限(3s/k)为3.25×10-7mol·L-1.方法用于市售药品中PGTZ含量的测定,所得结果与标示值及高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得结果相符.以血浆及尿液样品为基体加入标准溶液作回收试验,测得其回收率在97.7%～103.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%.     

金纳米簇荧光探针对盐酸小檗碱测定研究

以HAuCl_4为原料,2-巯基苯并噻唑为稳定剂,D-甘露糖为还原剂,在80Hz的超声波下制备了水溶性金纳米簇(AuNCs)。盐酸小檗碱通过氢键作用使AuNCs团聚,荧光强度降低,据此建立了AuNCs作为探针检测盐酸小檗碱的新方法。测定盐酸小檗碱的最佳条件为:pH=7乙酸缓冲溶液,1mL吐温20(1∶5 000,V/V)溶液,室温下反应10min。盐酸小檗碱浓度在5.0×10~(-8)~4.0×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)范围与荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.7×10~(-9) mol·L~(-1)。方法用于实际样品测定回收率为97.5%~105%。     

十二烷基硫酸钠增敏荧光光谱法测定盐酸小檗碱

基于十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对盐酸小檗碱荧光有显著增敏作用,建立了测定盐酸小檗碱的荧光光谱法。在pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,盐酸小檗碱与0.01mol·L-1的SDS溶液反应15min后,体系在530nm处的荧光强度达到最大。盐酸小檗碱的浓度在1.0~10mg·L-1范围内与体系荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.23mg·L-1。方法应用于制剂中盐酸小檗碱含量的测定,结果与药典法测定结果一致。加标回收率在94.9%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%~3.7%之间。     

纳米金双巯基修饰金电极差分脉冲伏安法测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

在裸金电极上自组装4,4-二甲基联苯硫醇(MTP)膜(MTP/AuSAMs),再电还原氯金酸溶液修饰纳米金,得纳米金双巯基修饰金电极(NG/MTP/Au).研究了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在NG/MTP/Au上的电化学行为,发现该修饰电极对DA、AA的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)的氧化峰电位差达到155mV,可以实现对此二组分混合溶液的选择性测定.差分脉冲法测得的峰电流与DA、AA浓度分别在5.0×10-7～1×10-4mol.L-1和3.5×10-6～1.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检测限(3σ)分别为1.5×10-7mol.L-1和1.2×10-6mol.L-1,相关系数0.998.     

光催化非均相Fenton反应-间接荧光光度法测定大气微颗粒物中邻苯二甲酸酯类含量

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米铁酸铋,用作荧光光度法测定大气微颗粒物中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量时的Fenton试剂。在水解液中加盐酸(1+1)溶液中和并用0.03mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液控制酸度至pH 7,加入铁酸铋0.050 0g及过氧化氢使其浓度在100 mL总体积中达0.02mol·L-1,进行光催化Fenton反应3.5h。根据在417nm处所测得荧光强度,可对所含PAEs进行定量。邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的浓度在3.8×10-7~4.8×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为5.43×10-8 mol·L-1。加标回收率在90.8%~108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.1%~8.3%之间。     

酶催化分光光度法测定盐酸甲氧氯普胺

试验发现血红蛋白(Hb)对酸性铬蓝K与过氧化氢的氧化褪色反应的催化作用因甲氧氯普胺的存在而受到抑制。此反应系在pH 9.5的氨性缓冲介质中进行,并根据在551 nm波长(为酸性铬蓝K在此条件下的吸收峰)处测得的吸光度A0(试剂空白溶液)、A1(加Hb溶液)及A2(加Hb和甲氧氯普胺溶液),按所给公式计算反应的抑制率(I%)。甲氧氯普胺的浓度在3.0×10-6~1.2×10-4mol·L-1范围内与所算得的抑制率呈线性关系。上述反应的检出限(3s/k)为2.8×10-8mol·L-1。浓度水平在4.0×10-5mol·L-1时,测得其相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.6%。根据以上方法,测定了药物针剂中甲氧氯普胺含量,测得结果与其标示值相符。     

荧光分光光度法测定奶粉及尿液中叶酸——基于同时高锰酸钾氧化及光化学反应

对基于同时用高锰酸钾氧化及光化学反应的荧光分光光度法测定复杂试品如奶粉及人尿中叶酸的条件作了系统的试验并予以优化.对奶粉试样的预处理方法也作了详细叙述.试样溶液在作荧光光度检测之前,须经硅藻土填充的层析柱进行纯化.含有叶酸的试液在0.01 mol·L-1盐酸介质中,用1×10-3 mol·L-1高锰酸钾溶液氧化,并置于波长为254 nm的紫外灯下照射30 min,经如此处理后叶酸的荧光强度明显增大,并测得其激发波长及发射波长分别为280 nm及448 nm.在5.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol·L-1叶酸浓度范围内,与相应的荧光强度之间保持线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1.方法的检出限为6.5×10-9 mol·L-1,所提出的方法曾用于奶粉及人尿中叶酸的测定.测定结果的RSD值(n=7)为3.2%～4.9%,方法的回收率为97.0%～102.0%.     

荧光光度法测定槐花中槲皮素

研究了基于槲皮素和铝的络合反应来测定槲皮素的荧光光度法,试验结果表明:铝与槲皮素的配合物在pH 9.15的BR缓冲溶液中进一步与BO3-3形成三元体系,在452 nm激发波长下,于516 nm发射波长处测定其荧光强度,槲皮素浓度在1.0×10-7～6.0×10-6mol·L-1范围内配合物的荧光强度与槲皮素的浓度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.1×10-7mol·L-1.该方法用于槐花提取物中槲皮素的测定,并以实样为基体用标准加入法做了回收试验,测得回收率在101.5%～112.5%之间.     

应用荧光纳米颗粒测定痕量铜

制备了异硫氰酸罗丹明B(TRITC)荧光纳米颗粒,于pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中此荧光纳米颗粒在558 nm光的激发下,于586 nm波长处发射荧光.铜(Ⅱ)的存在可使此荧光纳米颗粒溶液的荧光发生猝灭.借此,构建了一种检测微量铜的方法.在最佳试验条件下,该方法测定铜的线性范围为5.00×10-5～3.50×10-4 mol·L-1,其回归方程为F/F0=8.425 2-1.009×10-6 c,检出限为3.55×10-5 mol·L-1.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.