Continuous determination of chloroquine in plasma by laser-induced photochemical reaction and fluorescence

A flow injection fluorimetric method is proposed for the determination of chloroquine based on the photochemical derivatisation in an alkaline medium of the analyte and fluorescence generation after irradiation with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operated at 355 nm. Chemical, hydrodynamic and laser variables were studied in order to obtain the best conditions for quantification. A linear range from 25 to 600 micrograms/L was achieved, with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 (n = 8), an RSD of 4.3% (n = 11) and a detection limit of 8 micrograms/L (3 sigma). The sample throughput was 10 h-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of chloroquine in human plasma. The increase of sensitivity with respect to the method based on monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of chloroquine itself was 1.7 times.     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Itraconazole in Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma

A highly sensitive fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of itraconazole in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The proposed method is based on measuring the native fluorescence intensity of itraconazole in methanol at 380 nm after excitation at 260 nm. The fluorescence intensity‐concentration plot was rectilinear over the range 0.2 to 2.0 μg/mL with a lower detection limit of 0.05 μg/mL (6.52 × 10^?11 M). The method was further applied to the determination of itraconazole in capsules and spiked human plasma, the mean % recoveries (n = 4) was 100.37 ± 0.86 and 95.47 ± 2.93, respectively. The mean % recoveries were in agreement with those obtained from a reference method.     

Rapid pretreatment and determination of bisphenol A in water samples based on vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A method for the rapid pretreatment and determination of bisphenol A in water samples based on vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was proposed in this paper. A simple apparatus consisting of a test tube and a cut‐glass dropper was designed and applied to collect the floating extraction drop in liquid–liquid microextraction when low‐density organic solvent was used as the extraction solvent. Solidification and melting steps that were tedious but necessary once the low‐density organic solvent used as extraction solvent could be avoided by using this apparatus. Bisphenol A was selected as model pollutant and vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction was employed to investigate the usefulness of the apparatus. High‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was selected as the analytical tool for the detection of bisphenol A. The linear dynamic range was from 0.10 to 100 μg/L for bisphenol A, with good squared regression coefficient (r² = 0.9990). The relative standard deviation (n = 7) was 4.7% and the limit of detection was 0.02 μg/L. The proposed method had been applied to the determination of bisphenol A in natural water samples and was shown to be economical, fast, and convenient.     

ZnS:Mn/ZnS量子点在DNA定量分析中的应用

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,采用成核掺杂的方法在水溶液中一步制备得到具有核壳结构的ZnS:Mn/ZnS量子点.研究了荧光、室温磷光产生的机理.基于DNA对量子点发光的增强效应,以ZnS:Mn/ZnS量子点作为标记探针建立了测定DNA的荧光、室温磷光的分析方法.考察了量子点浓度、EDC/NHS用量和反应时间等条件对DNA测定的影...     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能量转移荧光法测定痕量磷

在λex/λem=450/556nm,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)存在下,吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能够能有效能量转移,使罗丹明6G荧光大大增强,酸性条件下,正酸根与钼酸钼反应生成磷钼酸,磷钼酸与R6G形成离子缔合物,使R6G的光猝来利用吖淀橙-罗丹明6G能量转变荧光法测定痕量磷,提高了测定磷的灵敏度和选择性,磷含量的0.05~0.70μg/L 范围内与罗丹明6G的荧光猝程度呈良好的线性关系.最低检出限为5ng/L,回收率为95%~110%,测定0.50μg/L,磷溶液,相对标偏差为6%,该法用于水样及土壤中的活性磷的测量,结果满意.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of U(VI) with Rifampicin in Soil Samples

A validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of uranyl ion in soil samples. The method is based on the complexation reaction between uranyl ion and rifampicin in methanol‐water medium at room temperature. The method is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 375 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.35–20.25 μg mL^‐1 with apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of 8.0 × 10³ L mol^‐1cm^‐1 and 0.042 μg/cm²/0.001 absorbance unit, respectively. The interference of a large number of anions and cations has been investigated and the optimized conditions developed have been utilized for the determination of uranium(VI) in soil samples. The three sigma detection limit (n = 9) for uranyl ion was found to be 0.20 μg mL^‐1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of uranyl ion in soil samples.     

Assessment and application of diode laser induced fluorescence spectrometry in an inductively coupled plasma to the determination of lithium

A diode laser based system for the detection of Li in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) by diode laser induced fluorescence (DLIF-ICP) has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of lithium in several mineral waters and a thermal salt. The experimental setup is based on an unmodulated, continuous wave diode laser, emitting light at around 670 nm and exciting neutral Li atoms on their 2s ²S–2p ²P° transition, which was coupled to a commercial ICP atomic emission spectrometer. The spectrometer's monochromator, photomultiplier detector and built-in data acquisition software were utilized to collect background corrected fluorescence and emission signals. A simple, three-step measurement procedure was devised that corrected for the contribution of lithium thermal emission and scattered laser light in the analytical signals. Despite the facts that lithium was detected on its neutral atom, which accounts for less than 1% of the total concentration of Li in the ICP, and that only about 1–2% of all atoms could be excited by the laser light at any given time, the limit of detection (LOD) was still found to be as good as 8 μg/L. The LODs of the DLIF-ICP technique are therefore expected to be in the low ng/L range for elements that can be detected under more advantageous conditions. The linear dynamic range was found to be around three orders of magnitude.     

Determination of Trace Vanadium by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at a Carbon Paste Electrode

A method for the voltammetric determination of vanadium using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was described. The new procedure is based on the adsorptive accumulation of the V(V)‐alizarin red S(ARS) complex onto the surface of the CPE, followed by the electrochemical reduction of adsorbed species. The optimal experimental conditions include the use of 0.10 mol/L acetate buffer (pH 5.1), 1.0×10^?5 mol/L ARS, an accumulation potential of ?0.10 V (versus SCE), an accumulation time of 2 min, a scan rate of 200 mV/s and a second‐order derivative linear scan mode. The reduction peak for the complex appears at ?0.52 V. The peak current is proportional to the concentration of V(V) over the range of 0.10–15.0 μg/L, and the detection limit is 0.04 μg/L for a 2 min adsorption time. The relative standard deviations(n=8) for 2.0 and 0.50 μg/L V(V) are 3.1 and 4.7%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of vanadium in water samples.     

高效液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中4种砷形态

建立高效液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法对水产品中4种砷形态[亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸、二甲基砷酸]进行测定。优化后的实验条件:负高压为270 V,灯电流为80 m A,原子化高度为10 mm,硼氢化钾浓度为20 g/L(含5 g/L KOH),载流为体积分数5%的盐酸。方法的线性范围为0~100μg/L,线性相关系数大于0.999。各种砷形态的检出限为0.20~0.45μg/L;测量结果的相对标准偏差为1.98%~4.81%(n=6);加标回收率为88.4%~101.7%。该方法灵敏度高,快速、准确,检测成本低,可用于水产品中砷形态的检测。     

双道氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定核电用钢中痕量砷和锑

建立了双道氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定核电用钢中痕量砷和锑的新方法。用王水溶解样品,以2.0 g/L L-半胱氨酸溶液作为预还原剂,在低酸度条件下实现对砷、锑的预还原。用20 g/L硼氢化钾溶液作为还原剂,氢化物发生反应在0.5 mol/L乙酸介质中进行。砷、锑的质量浓度在40μg/L范围与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.032μg/L和0.022μg/L。应用此方法同时测定了核电用钢及不锈钢标准样品中的砷锑含量,并与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法的分析结果作了对比,测定值与标准样品的标准值相符,结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于5.0%。     

氧弹燃烧–原子荧光光谱法测定煤中汞含量

建立氧弹燃烧–原子荧光光谱法测定煤中汞含量的方法。用氧弹燃烧分解样品,汞释放后以硝酸溶液吸收,以0.5 g/L硼氢化钾溶液作为还原剂,体积分数5%的硝酸溶液为载流液,用原子荧光光谱法定量测定。方法检出限为0.02μg/kg,对标准物质GBW 11156(标准值0.32μg/g)进行平行测定,测定结果的平均值为0.318μg/g,相对标准偏差为7.3%(n=6),加标回收率为91.5%~106.5%。该方法简单、干扰少,准确度和精密度良好,可用于煤中汞的测定。     

荧光猝灭法测定痕量稀土镧(Ⅲ)

采用荧光光谱法研究9-(3,5-二溴)水杨基荧光酮(DBSAF)与La3+的荧光性质,并进行了机理探讨。结果表明,在表面活性剂SDS存在下,La3+与DBSAF生成络合物使DBSAF的荧光猝灭。体系激发波长和发射波长分别为520和560nm,DBSAF的荧光强度差值与La3+的含量在1.6～800μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.12μg/L。本方法用于铜合金试样中微量镧的测定,结果满意,并进行了加标回收实验。     

Ionic liquids dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC‐atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of mercury species in environmental waters

An ionic liquid (IL) based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method for the preconcentration and determination of mercury species in environmental water samples is described. Four mercury species (MeHg⁺, EtHg⁺, PhHg⁺, and Hg²⁺) were complexed with dithionate and the neutral chelates were extracted into IL drops using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Variables affecting the formation and extraction of mercury dithizonates were optimized. The optimum conditions found were as follows: IL‐type and amount, 0.05 g of 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; dispersive solvents type and amount, 500 μL of acetone; pH, 6; extraction time, 2 min; centrifugation time, 12 min; and no sodium chloride addition. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the analytes were 0.031 μg/L for Hg²⁺, 0.016 μg/L for MeHg⁺, 0.024 μg/L for EtHg⁺, and 0.092 μg/L for PhHg⁺, respectively. The repeatability of the method, expressed as RSD, was between 1.4 and 5.2% (n = 10), and the average recoveries for spiked test were 96.9% for Hg²⁺, 90.9% for MeHg⁺, 90.5% for EtHg⁺, 92.3% for PhHg⁺, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the speciation of mercury in environmental water samples.     

液相色谱串联质谱法直接测定地下水中痕量呋喃丹、涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了直接进样液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定地下水中呋喃丹、涕灭威及其代谢物涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的分析方法。对质谱条件和液相色谱条件进行了优化,以甲醇-水为流动相,多反应监测模式(MRM)对目标物进行定性定量分析。结果表明:目标物在0.05～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.996 0～0.999 3;方法检出限为0.01～0.05μg/L;以3个水平进行样品加标实验,目标化合物的回收率为90%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为2.7%～6.5%。该方法定性定量准确,灵敏度高,避免了复杂的样品前处理过程,可用于地下水中痕量氨基甲酸酯农药的测定。     

密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中的汞和砷

建立了密闭罐溶样–氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定中药中痕量汞和砷的分析方法。采用密闭罐溶解复杂基体中药样品,进行易挥发元素分析的样品前处理,技术简单,快速,能耗低。汞和砷的质量浓度分别在0~10μg/L和0~200μg/L范围内与荧光强度成线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.99。汞、砷的检出限分别为0.014,0.086μg/L;测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4.67%(n=5);加标回收率分别为99.0%~106.4%,95.2%~101.7%。该方法操作简便,可用于中药中汞、砷元素的质量控制。     

干法消解–氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定颗粒饲料中的铅

建立了干法消解–氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定颗粒饲料中铅含量的方法。优化的实验条件:铁氰化钾含量为0.4%,草酸含量为0.04%,硼氢化钠–氢氧化钠溶液含量为2.0%,盐酸溶液(1∶1)的加入量为0.8 m L。铅的质量浓度在10~140μg/L范围内与荧光强度线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.999 7,方法检出限为4.2μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.06%~1.87%(n=10),加标回收率为95.6%~98.9%。该方法测定结果准确,灵敏度高,可用于颗粒饲料中铅含量的检测。     

Combining Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate/methyl Isobutyl Ketone Microextraction in an Inexpensive Disposable Pipette with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Cd and Pd

This paper describes a new analytical method, using a combination of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate/methyl isobutyl ketone (APDC‐MIBK) microextraction and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), for the determination of the concentrations of Cd and Pb in aqueous samples. Only 200 μL of organic solvent was used throughout the entire analysis process, with enhancement factors as high as 25. Recoveries from replicate analyses of natural water [NIST 1640(a)] containing mean concentrations of 3.1 μg Cd L^?1 and 9.3 μg Pb L^?1 were 95 ± 3 and 104 ± 4%, respectively. The corresponding detection limits were 0.6 μg L ^?1 for Cd and 0.9 μg L ^?1 for Pb. The main advantage of this approach is its simplicity in terms of sample preparation, as demonstrated by quantifying the levels of Cd and Pd in real samples, including tap water, groundwater, and seawater, using a standard addition method.     

Determination of Biacetyl by Sensitized Photochemical Kinetic Fluorimetry

Abstract

A new in-situ photochemical kinetic fluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of biacetyl (BI). It is based on the sensitization of BI on the photochemical reaction of amaranth (AM). AM, a nonfluorescent compound was converted into an intensively fluorescent compound in a slightly alkaline medium by the sensitized photochemical reaction, and BI was indirectly determined by monitoring the change of the fluorescence intensity. The determination can be carried out by fixed-time method or tangent method. The kinetic behavior of the reaction and the effects of some experimental conditions were investigated and discussed. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 1.0 μg ml^?1 to 10.0 μg ml^?1 of BI (r = 0.999), the limit of detection was 1.0 ng ml^?1, and the coefficient of variation was 0.44% for 0.90 μg ml^?1 of BI (n = 6). The mechanism for the sensitization of BI was examined and the triplet-triplet energy transfer, in which BI acted as the energy donor and AM as the energy acceptor, was suggested to be the main cause. Its application to real samples has been tested.     

纳米SiO_2分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量银

研究了纳米SiO_2分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量银的新方法.考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、洗脱条件和干扰离子等因素对Ag~+分离富集的影响,确定了纳米SiO_2对Ag~+吸附的最佳条件.结果表明:在pH 4.1时,纳米SiO_2能定量吸附银,吸附在纳米SiO_2上的Ag~+可用0.5 mol/L HCl+0.5 mol/L硫脲定量洗脱.该法对银的检出限为0.77 ng/mL(3σ,n=11);线性范围为0.005～1.5μg/mL,对0.5μg/mL的Ag~+标液进行7次测定,RSD为3.6%,回收率在94.0%～101.5%之间;方法可用于环境水样中痕量银的测定.     

Integrated Retention/Spectrophotometric Detection Method for the Determination of Formaldehyde

Abstract

An integrated-sensor method for the determination of formaldehyde based on retention of the reaction product of the analyte with p-rosaniline and sulfite in a flow-cell packed with Dowex 1-X-8 anion exchange resin was developed. The method has a good selectivity with a detection limit of 0.3 μg ml^?1 (1 ml sample) or 75 ng ml^?1 (2 ml sample), and a linear range between 1–30 μg ml^?1. The relative standard deviations (n = 11) were 2.8 and 1.3% for 2 and 20 μg ml^?1 formaldehyde, respectively. Depending on the working conditions, the sampling frenquency ranged between 10 and 18 h^?1. The method was applied to the determination of formaldehyde in well water.