非等温竖壁的自然对流与辐的复合换热

采用数值计算与差分干涉方法,对非等温竖壁的自然对流与辐射的复合换热进行了理论和实验研究,由于冷凝器水平排管的影响,竖壁温度沿高度产生周期性变化;局部对流换热系数呈起伏振荡和下降分布,水平排管的间距对局部对流换热系数有明显的影响,辐射换热的存在使得竖壁平均温度降低;在Ra=2.5×10~7-5.0×10~8,s/d=6-16范围内,辐射换热量的份额随Gr数的增大而有所增加,给出了计算非等温竖壁平均换热系数的准则关系式,为设计该类冰箱背壁散热提供了依据。     

LED散热器三角槽扩展表面散热性能

对大功率LED太阳花散热器肋片三角槽扩展表面的散热性能进行了数值模拟与分析,并对肋片长度方向的温度分布进行了实验验证。在考虑自然对流和辐射模型的条件下,研究了肋片表面三角槽的顶角α、槽宽s和槽深d对散热器肋片顶部最高温升ΔTmax、平均对流换热系数h和对流换热热阻R的影响。结果表明:顶角α在90°～120°范围内、向肋片根部倾斜的三角槽在增加散热面积的同时,改善了流场分布,从而显著地增强了太阳花散热器的散热性能;相比于槽宽s,槽深d对平均对流换热系数h影响更为显著,较小或较大的槽深会因平均对流换热系数h的大幅降低而恶化散热效果。     

3ω法研究微尺度下铂丝自然对流换热

建立了测量微细丝表面空气自然对流换热系数3ω法模型。利用3ω法测量了直径为10.6μm水平和垂直方向铂丝表面室温下的空气换热系数。水平和垂直铂丝产生的三次谐波比较接近,结果说明,微尺度下空气的自然对流换热以导热为主,自然对流作用可以忽略。基于3ω线法原理,引入形状因子并提出了微尺度下铂丝表面换热系数的理论计算模型。空气自然对流换热系数远大于大尺度下的值,主要原因是铂丝的面积体积比值大。     

次声频脉动流横掠圆柱体传热实验研究

为研究次声频脉动流中圆柱体对流换热的特性,搭建了脉动流强化传热实验台架,研究了不同脉动频率(f=6~20 Hz)的脉动流横掠圆柱体的对流换热问题,脉动波的有效压力振幅Prms固定为22 Pa。结果表明:低频小振幅的脉动流横掠热圆柱体时,对流换热相对努塞尔数随着频率的降低线性增大,最大值可达4.0以上;辐射热流率占总热流率的比例随着频率的降低而呈指数下降。     

底部加热空气层自然对流的可视化实验研究

本文对底部加热的水平空气层的自然对流换热进行了可视化实验研究,采用实时全息干涉照相技术获得了温度场的激光干涉图及流场的烟可视化图象。实验结果表明,这种水平空气层自然对流换热是非稳态的,并且在空间上是三维的。     

上游边界层对向上散热的水平热板自然对流换热影响的研究

论文对具有上游边界层场合的水平加热表面向上对流换热的自然对流进行了实验研究,采用全息干涉法测定温度场,对侧壁高度为50,100,150毫米三种情况进行了实验测定,发现其边缘效应与无侧壁时的水平板情况不同,在6×10~3相似文献   

强化辐射换热涂层的性能研究

本文以实验研究与数值模拟相结合的方式,对喷涂了不同厚度的两种不同涂料的一系列CPU散热片进行了自然对流条件下的辐射强化换热研究,以测试这两种涂料的辐射强化换热性能,并找出其强化辐射换热的相关规律.实验与数值模拟的结果表明,这两种涂料的确能够强化辐射换热;散热片散热热阻在有适当厚度涂层时比无涂层时减少了10%左右;在相同热载荷及边界温度条件下,散热片温度在有涂层时比无涂层时降低多达4℃;对于同种涂料,涂层厚度越薄强化散热能力越强;对于相同厚度的涂层,涂料导热率越大其辐射散热能力越强.     

强制对流条件下侧面散热对导热系数测量的影响

由于在实验过程中需要打开风扇因此侧面散热是平板法测量材料导热系数时不可忽略的一个问题,本文针对这种强制对流条件,根据传热理论得到合理的强制换热系数,研究了系统的侧面散热对测量结果的影响。研究结果表明,相比于加热盘的侧面散热,样品盘和散热盘侧面的散热对实验结果影响更大,这种影响对外界环境温度的变化并不敏感。如果采用自然对流条件进行模拟,散热盘的稳定温度值比实验值高出约17℃。虽然这种偏差会随着室温的升高而减小,但不可忽略。     

方腔尺寸对封闭方腔内多块孤立平板自然对流换热影响的数值分析

１引言封闭方腔内多块孤立平板自然对流换热是许多电子设备散热的近似模拟，因此，了解封闭方腔内多块孤立平板的自然对流换热规律，对于电子设备的热设计具有重要的意义。国内外许多学者针对这方面的问题进行了较为广泛的研究［１－５］，许多学者研究了封闭方腔内一块或...     

微重力下凝结和沸腾着的汽泡周围流场

1引言尽管对沸腾换热已有大量的研究，但对沸腾过程中驱动汽泡外流动的机理仍没有透彻理解，通常认为，汽泡外流动是由液体自然对流引起的。但是，近来的微重力实验表明［‘］；在没有自然对流的微重力场中，沸腾换热同样很剧烈。为了弄清正常重力和微重力环境中驱动换热的机理，很有必要作进一步的研究。本文数值分析了微重力环境下驱动壁面汽泡周围液体流动的基本机理，深入分析了Marangoni效应的影响，同时考虑表面凝结和蒸发过程的作用。2理论模型汽泡外流动可由二维层流N－S方程及烙方程来描述，流动是由Marangoni边界条件驱动，该条…     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.