Diffusion phenomenon in Hilbert spaces and applications

We prove an abstract version of the striking diffusion phenomenon that offers a strong connection between the asymptotic behavior of abstract parabolic and dissipative hyperbolic equations. An important aspect of our approach is that we use in a natural way spectral analysis without involving complicated resolvent estimates. Our proof of the diffusion phenomenon does not use the individual behavior of solutions; instead we show that only their difference matters. We estimate the Hilbert norm of the difference in terms of the Hilbert norm of solutions to the parabolic problems, which allows us to transfer the decay from the parabolic to the hyperbolic problem. The application of these estimates to operators with Markov property combined with a weighted Nash inequality yields explicit and sharp decay rates for hyperbolic problems with variable (x-dependent) coefficients in exterior domains. Our method provides new insight in this area of extensive research which was not well understood until now.     

The resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon for spherical harmonics

Spherical harmonics have been important tools for solving geophysical and astrophysical problems. Methods have been developed to effectively implement spherical harmonic expansion approximations. However, the Gibbs phenomenon was already observed by Weyl for spherical harmonic expansion approximations to functions with discontinuities, causing undesirable oscillations over the entire sphere.

Recently, methods for removing the Gibbs phenomenon for one-dimensional discontinuous functions have been successfully developed by Gottlieb and Shu. They proved that the knowledge of the first expansion coefficients (either Fourier or Gegenbauer) of a piecewise analytic function is enough to recover an exponentially convergent approximation to the point values of in any subinterval in which the function is analytic.

Here we take a similar approach, proving that knowledge of the first spherical harmonic coefficients yield an exponentially convergent approximation to a spherical piecewise smooth function in any subinterval , where the function is analytic. Thus we entirely overcome the Gibbs phenomenon.

     

Robust reprojection methods for the resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon

The classical Gibbs phenomenon exhibited by global Fourier projections and interpolants can be resolved in smooth regions by reprojecting in a truncated Gegenbauer series, achieving high resolution recovery of the function up to the point of discontinuity. Unfortunately, due to the poor conditioning of the Gegenbauer polynomials, the method suffers both from numerical round-off error and the Runge phenomenon. In some cases the method fails to converge. Following the work in [D. Gottlieb, C.W. Shu, Atti Conv. Lincei 147 (1998) 39–48], a more general framework for reprojection methods is introduced here. From this insight we propose an additional requirement on the reprojection basis which ameliorates the limitations of the Gegenbauer reconstruction. The new robust Gibbs complementary basis yields a reliable exponentially accurate resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon up to the discontinuities.     

On inverse methods for the resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon

When Fourier expansions, or more generally spectral methods, are used for the representation of nonsmooth functions, then one has to face the so-called Gibbs phenomenon. Considerable progresses have been made these last years to overcome the Gibbs phenomenon, using direct or inverse approaches, both in the discrete or continuous framework. A discrete inverse method for the global or local reconstruction of a non-smooth function starting from its oscillating (trigonometric) polynomial interpolant is introduced and both its capabilities and limits are emphasized.     

Rigged Hilbert spaces and contractive families of Hilbert spaces

The existence of a rigged Hilbert space whose extreme spaces are, respectively, the projective and the inductive limit of a directed contractive family of Hilbert spaces is investigated. It is proved that, when it exists, this rigged Hilbert space is the same as the canonical rigged Hilbert space associated to a family of closable operators in the central Hilbert space.     

Ultrametric spaces and related Hilbert spaces

We present simple proofs of the possibility of embedding ultrametric spaces in Hilbert spaces. The main part of the paper deals with ultrametric spaces that we call totally infinite spaces. Related Hilbert spaces, automorphisms of totally infinite spaces, and the corresponding linear operators are considered. Transplated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 223–237, August, 1997. Translated by V. E. Nazaikinskii     

Imaginaries in Hilbert spaces

We characterise imaginaries (up to interdefinability) in Hilbert spaces using a Galois theory for compact unitary groups.The authors would like to thank Frank Wagner and the CIRM for their hospitality during the Simpleton 2002 meeting during which the discussions that led to this paper took place.The first author would like to thank Ilan Hirshberg for a few important hintsAt the time of the writing of this paper, the first author was a graduate student with the Équipe de logique mathématique of Université Paris VIIMathematics Subject Classification (2000): 03C45, 03C95     

Multishifts in Hilbert spaces

We introduce and study a multishift structure in a Hilbert space. This structure is a noncommutative analog of the (simple one-sided) shift operator, well known in function theory and functional analysis. Subspaces invariant under the multishift are described. A theorem on the factorization into an inner and an outer factor is established for operators commuting with the multishift.__________Translated from Funktsionalnyi Analiz i Ego Prilozheniya, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 69–81, 2005Original Russian Text Copyright © by P. A. TerekhinSupported by the RFBR under grant No. 03-01-00390, the program Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation under grant No. NSh-1295.2003.1, and the INTAS under grant No. 99-00089.Translated by V. E. Nazaikinskii     

Operator factorization on partially ordered Hilbert resolution spaces with finite parameter sets

A generalization of the Gohberg-Krein theory of factorization along chains of subspaces to operators on partially ordered Hilbert resolution spaces was obtained by R. M. DeSantis and W. A. Porter by sacrificing a fundamental invariant subspace property of the factors. In the case where the parameter space is finite, this work gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a factorization which has the desired invariant subspace property.     

Subgroups of Hilbert spaces

The author was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung     

Greedy expansions in Hilbert spaces

We study the rate of convergence of expansions of elements in a Hilbert space H into series with regard to a given dictionary D. The primary goal of this paper is to study representations of an element f ∈ H by a series f ～ ∑ _j=1 ^∞ c _j (f)g _j (f), $g_j \left( f \right) \in \mathcal{D}$ . Such a representation involves two sequences: {g _j (f)} _j=1 ^∞ and {c _j (f) _j=1 ^∞ . In this paper the construction of {g _j (f)} _j=1 ^∞ is based on ideas used in greedy-type nonlinear approximation, hence the use of the term greedy expansion. An interesting open problem questions, “What is the best possible rate of convergence of greedy expansions for f ∈ A ₁(D)?” Previously it was believed that the rate of convergence was slower than $m^{ - \tfrac{1} {4}}$ . The qualitative result of this paper is that the best possible rate of convergence of greedy expansions for $f \in A_1 \left( \mathcal{D} \right)$ is faster than $m^{ - \tfrac{1} {4}}$ . In fact, we prove it is faster than $m^{ - \tfrac{2} {7}}$ .     

Hilbert 空间中的广义正交基

广义正交基是Hilbert 空间中正交基的一个自然推广. 本文首先给出一个广义正交基存在的较弱的充要条件; 然后研究广义正交基的性质, 特别地, 得到广义正交基版本的一些有关正交基的经典性质, 如广义正交基的Bessel 等式和不等式等. 作为广义正交基的一个应用, 本文给出广义Riesz 基的一些新刻画. 最后本文讨论广义框架的冗余问题.     

Prox-regular functions in Hilbert spaces

This paper studies the prox-regularity concept for functions in the general context of Hilbert space. In particular, a subdifferential characterization is established as well as several other properties. It is also shown that the Moreau envelopes of such functions are continuously differentiable.     

Oblique multiwavelets in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we elucidate the relationship between two consecutive levels of a multiresolution in the general setting of a Hilbert space. We first prove a result on an extendability problem and then derive, as a consequence, characterizations of oblique multiwavelets in a Hilbert space.