超细长弹性杆的分析力学问题

超细长弹性杆作为DNA等生物大分子链的力学模型，其平衡和稳定性问题已成为力学与分子生物学交叉的研究热点．虽然在Kirchhoff动力学比拟的基础上，用分析力学方法讨论弹性杆的文章已见诸文献，但尚未形成弹性杆分析力学的严格理论．本文研究了超细长弹性杆分析力学的若干基础性问题．对杆截面的自由度、虚位移、约束方程及约束力等基本概念给出严格的定义和表达式．建立弹性杆平衡的D’Alembert-Lagrange原理、Jourdain原理和Gauss原理；从D’Alembert-Lagrange原理导出Hamilton原理．从变分原理出发导出Lagrange方程、Nielsen方程、Appell方程和Hamilton正则方程；对于受约束的弹性杆，导出了带乘子的Lagrange方程．讨论了Lagrange方程的首次积分．对于杆中心线存在尖点的情形，导出了微段杆平衡的近似方程。     

超细长弹性杆动力学仿真的曲面处理算法

超细长弹性杆动力学研究在DNA的平衡、稳定性等问题的研究中有重要的应用。为了便于超细长弹性杆动力学研究中数值结果图形后处理以及研究表面接触等问题的需要,需要建立弹性杆的表面模型和相应算法。本文利用Kirchhoff弹性杆模型的动力学比拟技巧,建立了描述超细长弹性杆曲面的常微分/积分方程组,利用Adames方法和递推方法设计了方程的数值解法,并给出了超长弹性杆的数值仿真结果的图形处理的计算实例。     

弹性杆基因模型的力学问题

概述弹性杆静力学与刚体动力学之间相似性的Kirchhoff理论．讨论其在分子生物学的弹性杆基因模型中的应用，以及与分析力学和运动稳定性理论有关的若干问题．     

也谈细长压杆稳定问题

本文就有关细长压杆稳定问题谈几点意见．     

轴线存在应变时弹性杆力学的两个概念

讨论Kirchhoff弹性杆力学向精确Cosserat弹性杆推广中的两个概念: 轴线切向量对截面法向量是怎样偏离以及本构方程中应变矢和弯扭度的基准问题. 从单元体的剪应变出发, 导出了截面法矢、轴线切矢以及剪应变矢三者关系, 即Cosserat弹性杆的变形几何关系;从Hook定律出发, 论证了在一次近似下本构方程中的截面弯扭度和形心应变矢都以原始弧坐标为基准.     

被介质包围的非线性弹性杆波动方程的精确解

应用推广的tanh函数方法对被介质包围的非线性弹性杆波动方程进行了求解．得到了该方程的精确孤波解,对部分结果通过数值模拟得到了解的图像．本文获得的结果完善了相关文献已有的研究成果．从求解过程可以看出,推广的tanh函数方法是一种简便有效的方法,可用于求解其它非线性方程或方程组．     

细长弹性杆在轴压下的二次分叉

基于[1]的弹性曲杆的平衡方程,本文研究了矩形横截面细长杆在轴压下的后屈曲行为。设横截面的边长比为 1:2δ,使用 Poincare-Keller 的打靶法并引进坐标的伸缩变换,研究了δ在 δ_0=1 附近的情形。当δ≠1 时,发现了杆平衡态的二次分叉。我们也给出了原始后屈曲解支及二次分支的渐近表示并分析了各个解支的稳定性。     

弹性杆的大变形分析及全国数模大赛题的解答

利用Timoshenko关于弹性压杆的大变形理论对细长弹性杆两端的轴向压力与杆件最大挠度之间关系给出了较详细的解答,同时解答了2010年全国数学建模大赛题目.     

超弹性橡胶材料的改进Rivlin模型

讨论了不可压缩橡胶材料的超弹性唯象本构模型.从物理机理上,分析了neo-Hookean模型、Mooney模型、三阶Rivlin模型及Ogden模型的优缺点.在此基础上,将Rivlin模型改进成为W=B00(A3-3)+N∑i+j=1Bij(A1-3)i(A2-3)j,这种新形式具有优点:①若取前三项(N=1),则其结果与不可压缩线弹性的应变能相等,能够精确满足拉伸及压缩的线性关系,但剪切的线性关系是近似满足的.②当N≥2时,简单剪切中的应变能及剪应力τxy在小应变情况下是以剪应变γxy为等比的多项式展开;而Rivlin模型只能保证简单剪切中的应变能及剪应力τxy是以(γxy)2为等比的级数展开的形式,当取前两项的情况下,Rivlin模型(即Mooney模型)只能精确保证常剪切,拉伸及压缩的线性关系无法得到保证.针对典型实验数据,若取同阶次多项式,论文模型的同类实验数据预测及不同类实验数据间相互预测的精度都比Rivlin模型的高.     

关于细长压杆稳定性问题的讨论

本文在利用挠曲线近似微分方程分析细长压杆稳定性问题时,对传统的边界条件进行了修正,重新解释了以往认为临界挠度无法确定的原因．     

Exact Solutions for a Thick Elastic Plate with a Thin Elastic Surface Layer

A procedure has been developed in previous papers for constructing exact solutions of the equations of linear elasticity in a plate (not necessarily thin) of inhomogeneous isotropic linearly elastic material in which the elastic moduli depend in any specified manner on a coordinate normal to the plane of the plate. The essential idea is that any solution of the classical equations for a hypothetical thin plate or laminate (which are two-dimensional theories) generates, by straightforward substitutions, a solution of the three-dimensional elasticity equations for the inhomogeneous material. In this paper we consider a thick plate of isotropic elastic material with a thin surface layer of different isotropic elastic material. It is shown that the interface tractions and in-plane stress discontinuities are determined only by the initial two-dimensional solution, without recourse to the three-dimensional elasticity theory. Two illustrative examples are described.     

弹性细杆螺旋线平衡的动态稳定性

本文从动力学观点讨论具有初扭率的非圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡稳定性。弹性杆平衡的动态稳定性建立在以弧坐标s和时间坐标t为双自变量的离散系统的Lyapunov稳定性概念基础上。对于两端约束状况固定不变的弹性杆,若静态稳定性条件已满足,其与弧坐标对应的本征值可根据端部约束条件确定。则螺旋线平衡的动态稳定性由时间域的本征值判断。在缓慢受扰运动条件下,引入尺度缩小的时间变量T=εt,可将动力学过程视为对平衡状态的摄动。证明在ε^2计算精度范围内,当螺旋线平衡的一次近似静态稳定性条件得到满足时,考虑动力学因素的稳定性条件必也同时满足。     

非圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡及稳定性

本文研究端部受力和力矩作用，且存在初曲率和初扭率的非圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡及其稳定性。描述弹性细杆平衡状态的Kirchhoff方程存在与杆的螺旋线平衡状态相对应的特解。直杆和圆环杆为螺旋线状态的两种特例。文中分析了螺旋线的几何特性与作用力和力矩之间的相互关系，并导出螺旋线平衡的一次近似解析形式稳定性判据。分析表明，松弛状态下弹性杆可处于螺旋线状态，直杆只有在轴向压力的作用下才能保持螺旋线平衡。无初曲率和初扭率弹性杆的螺旋线平衡稳定性必要条件是杆截面绕副法线轴的抗弯刚度大于或等于绕法线轴的抗弯刚度。此条件也适用于带初扭率的圆环杆及更普遍情形。无初曲率和初扭率的圆截面杆的螺旋线平衡恒稳定。     

非圆截面弹性细杆的平衡稳定性与分岔

本文研究存在初始曲率或挠率的非圆截面弹性细杆的平衡及稳定性问题,在两端受力矩单儿作用的条件下,杆的平衡微分方程可转换为用欧拉角表述的一阶自治系统,并有可能利用相平面的奇点理论分析弹性细杆平衡状态的稳定性,文中对杆截面的对称性,以及杆的初始曲率和挠率对平衡状态性的影响进行了定性分析,导出了解析形式的稳定性判据,揭示了杆平衡状态的列态分岔现象。     

A Discontinuous Elastic Interface Transfer Model of Thin Film Nanoindentation

A new model of thin film indentation that accounted for an apparent discontinuity in elastic strain transfer at the film/substrate interface was developed. Finite element analysis suggested that numerical values of strain were not directly continuous across the interface; the values in the film were higher when a soft film was deposited on a hard substrate. The new model was constructed based on this discontinuity; whereby, separate weighting factors were applied to account for the influence of the substrate in strain developed in the film and vice-versa. By comparing the model to experimental data from thirteen different amorphous thin film materials on a silicon substrate, constants in each weighting factor were found to have physical significance in being numerically similar to the bulk scale Poisson’s ratios of the materials involved. When employing these material properties in the new model it was found to provide an improved match to the experimental data over the existing Doerner and Nix and Gao models. Finally, the model was found to be capable of assessing the Young’s modulus of thin films that do not exhibit a flat region as long as the bulk Poisson’s ratio is known.     

文克勒地基上弹性薄板受有限长弹性杆冲击的动力分析

对具有初速的有限长弹性杆与文克勒地基上弹性薄板的冲击问题进行了研究，用伽辽金原理求出了冲击力及薄板位移响应的近似公式，并对计算结果作了分析讨论     

Non-Local Periodic Motions of a Thin Cantilevered Rod

In this work we consider the existence of unforced periodic motionsfor a thin cantilevered elastic rod. In particular, largeamplitude motions that combine bending and twisting of the rodare studied. We use a lumped mass model consisting of a cantilevered planar rod whose base is attached to a torsional spring. The stability of the torsional vibration is studied and then the existence of a oneparameter family of large amplitude periodic motions is demonstrated.     

Elastocapillary Coiling of an Elastic Rod Inside a Drop

Capillary forces acting at the surface of a liquid drop can be strong enough to deform small objects and recent studies have provided several examples of elastic instabilities induced by surface tension. We present such an example where a liquid drop sits on a straight fiber, and we show that the liquid attracts the fiber which thereby coils inside the drop. We derive the equilibrium equations for the system, compute bifurcation curves, and show the packed fiber may adopt several possible configurations inside the drop. We use the energy of the system to discriminate between the different configurations and find a intermittent regime between two-dimensional and three-dimensional solutions as more and more fiber is driven inside the drop.     

Exact Equilibrium Solutions for Linearly Elastic Plate-Like Bodies

A three-dimensional, explicit and exact, equilibrium solution is derived for transversely isotropic, linearly elastic bodies in the form of a right cylinder simply supported over its lateral boundary and loaded over its end faces. This solution, which generalizes an earlier proposal of Levinson in various respects, is to serve as a benchmark for the corresponding plate theories. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kirchhoff弹性杆分析动力学的准坐标表达

作为DNA的力学模型,依据Kirchhoff动力学比拟思想建立的弹性细杆的分析力学方法已从静力学深入到动力学。由于静力学平衡微分方程与刚体动力学相当,因此,弹性细杆动力学的分析力学方程必是以弧坐标和时间为双自变量的偏微分方程。以横截面的形心速度以及弯扭度和角速度沿主轴的分量为准速度,定义了准坐标,导出了准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系。从Hamilton原理出发,利用准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系,导出了Kirchhoff弹性杆动力学准坐标下的Boltzmann-Hamel方程,并由此导出Lanrange方程。指出了Boltzmann-Hamel方程显式即为弹性杆动力学的Kirchhoff方程。定义关于弧坐标和时间的正则变量和Hamilton函数,导出Boltzmann-Hamel方程的正则形式。本文结果是以弹性杆静力学和刚性杆动力学为其特例。作为例子,建立了垂挂的在重力作用下作平面运动的弹性细杆的动力学微分方程以说明本文方法的应用。