Microstructural characterization and oxidation resistance of multicomponent equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi-TiO high-entropy alloy

CoCrCuFeNi-TiO was prepared by arc melting of the pure elements and Ti₂CO powder under an Ar atmosphere. Both CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeNi-TiO alloys are composed of a face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution, whereas the alloys of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are basically composed of an fcc solid solution and TiO crystals. The microstructures of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are identified as dendrite and interdendrite structures such as CoCrCuFeNi. The morphology of TiO is identified as an equiaxed crystal with a small amount of added Ti₂CO. By increasing the amount of Ti₂CO added, the TiO content was dramatically increased and part of the equiaxed crystals changed to a dendrite structure. A test of the oxidation resistance demonstrates that the oxidation resistance of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO is better than that of CoCrCuFeNi. However, as the TiO content increases further, a corresponding decrease is observed in the oxidation resistance.     

AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金的组织与硬度研究

利用真空电弧炉熔铸等摩尔比的AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金.X射线衍射分析与扫描电镜能谱分析表明,AlCrCuFeNi高熵合金具有面心立方和体心立方结构,合金铸态组织是典型的树枝晶,铬偏聚于晶内,而铜偏聚于枝晶间.AICrCuFeNi高熵合金具有高硬度与耐回火软化特性,铸态硬度为HV490,600℃退火后硬度还维持在HV420;高熵合金的铸态组织比较稳定.     

FeNiMnCuC0．2Alx高熵合金结构及性能研究

通过高频感应加热在真空下制备FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx(x＝0、0.1、0.2、0.5 mol)高熵合金,对固溶处理后的试样进行结构及性能研究.结果表明, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有简单的面心立方结构;添加少量Al(x=0.1、0.2 mol)能细化FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金晶粒,但x=0.5 mol时,晶粒又变得粗大;初生树枝状晶富含Fe、Ni元素,Mn、Cu在枝晶间相内有所聚集,C、Al大体上均匀分布于两相中;x=0时, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有高的抗压强度(5 218 MPa),x＝0.1 mol时,合金抗压强度(4037MPa)和压缩率(＞75%)均较佳,随Al添加量的继续增加,合金压缩性能有所下降, x＝0.5 mol时,合金表现为脆性断裂.合金晶粒,但x=0.5 mol时,晶粒又变得粗大;初生树枝状晶富含Fe、Ni元素,Mn、Cu在枝晶间相内有所聚集,C、Al大体上均匀分布于两相中;x=0时, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有高的抗压 度(5 218 MPa),x＝0     

Ti6Al4V合金的纳米硬度载荷依赖性实验研究

采用原位纳米测试系统对氮离子注入前后的Ti6Al4V合金试样进行纳米压痕实验,研究材料纳米硬度的载荷相关性和尺寸效应,及其在纳米尺度下材料的塑性变形过程。结果表明:纳米硬度具有明显的载荷相关性,在临界载荷Fc以下,随着载荷的增加纳米硬度呈线性增加;在临界载荷Fc以上,随着载荷的增加纳米硬度呈非线性减小,并稳定在一个值上。此外,纳米硬度随着压入深度的增加而减小,并且Ti6Al4V合金的纳米硬度极限载荷FH和稳定纳米硬度Hs分别为550μN和5.6GPa,而经过氮离子注入后的Ti6Al4V合金的纳米硬度极限载荷FH和稳定纳米硬度Hs分别提高到700μN和6.7 GPa。     

Synthesis and characterization of AlCoCrCuFeZnx high-entropy alloy by mechanical alloying

Equi-atomic and non equi-atomic multi-component systems were synthesized through different routes to form high-entropy single solid solution. One such high-entropy alloy(HEA) with hexanary composition AlCoCrCuFeZn_x was synthesized using mechanical alloying. The effect of zinc variation on the crystal structure and phase formation was characterized using XRD, FESEM with EDS and TEM. The synthesis resulted in both equi-atomic and non equi-atomic nano crystalline AlCoCrCuFeZn with a crystallite size less than 10 nm.     

Mg-Zn-Gd合金中二十面体准晶相组织演变分析

通过高频感应熔炼法制备Mg-Zn-Gd合金,利用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS等对不同成分及不同冷却条件下所制合金的微观组织及相组成进行表征。结果表明,在MgzZn(97-z)Gd3(27z57)合金中,其主要组织为二十面体准晶相(I相)、Mg7Zn3及Mg2Zn3,其中Gd元素的含量决定准晶相的生成,且I相中x(Gd)稳定在6.5%~7.5%;随着Mg/Zn比的增大(1/3x(Mg)/x(Zn)1)或者熟化时间的延长,I相形貌由空心多边形演变为具有五次对称性的花瓣状。     

Ultrathin wavy nanowires of high-entropy alloy as cocktail solution in methanol oxidation reaction

High entropy alloys(HEAs) with adjustable composition and diverse surface active sites show good catalytic performance of methanol oxidation reaction(MOR). However, the synthesis and morphology control of HEA remains a challenge. Herein, we use a fast co-reduction method to synthesize a series of ultrathin wavy nanowires(WNWs) with an average diameter of 3–5 nm, including Pt-based and Pd-based binary alloys, and HEA with different pairs of immiscible elements. The catalytic properties of Pt Pd A...     

Microstructural characterization of as-cast and homogenized 2D70 aluminum alloy

The microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy and its evolution during homogenization were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy mainly consists of the dendritic network of aluminum solid solution and intermetallic compounds (Al₂CuMg, Al₂Cu, Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇Cu₄Ni). After conventional homogenization, Al/Al₂CuMg eutectic phases are dissolved into the matrix, and a small amount of high melting-point eutectic Al/Al₂Cu phases exist in the matrix, resulting in an increase in the starting melting temperature. Under double homogenization, the high melting point Al/Al₂Cu phases are dissolved, and no obvious change is observed for the size and morphology of Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇CuaNi compounds.     

AZ91D镁合金流变压铸成形组织特征

以AZ91D镁合金建筑刮板为例,将自行开发的锥桶式流变成形机(TBR)与TOYO BD-900V4-T冷室压铸机相结合实现了流变压铸成形工艺过程. 研究了不同流变成形工艺下压铸件的组织特征,分析了成形过程中浆料的组织形成机理及凝固行为. 结果表明:该流变成形工艺可以获得内部组织细小、初生α-Mg晶粒呈近球形或球形且分布均匀的成形件. 当内锥桶转速为700r·min-1时,压铸件内部组织较圆整、均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约45μm,形状因子约0.81. 流变压铸过程中合金熔体的凝固主要经历了一次凝固和二次凝固两个阶段.     

Effect of process parameters on the microstructure and properties of laser-clad FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) high-entropy alloy coating

FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coatings with different process parameters were fabricated by laser cladding. The macro-morphology, phase, microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of each coating were studied. The smoothness and dilution rate of the FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coating generally increased with the increase of specific energy(Es), which is the laser irradiation energy received by a unit area. FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coatings at different parameters had bcc, fcc, and Ti-rich phases as well as equiaxed, dendritic, and columnar structures. When Es increased, the size of each structure increased and the distribution area of the columnar and dendritic structures changed. The prepared FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coating with the Es of 72.22 J·mm~(-2) had the highest hardness and the best wear resistance, the highest hardness of the coating reached HV 498.37, which is twice the substrate hardness. The average hardness of the FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coating with the Es of 72.22 J·mm~(-2) was 15.8% higher than the lowest average hardness of the coating with the Es of 108.33 J·mm~(-2). The worn surface morphologies indicate that the FeNiCoCrTi_(0.5) coatings exhibited abrasive wear.     

Microstructural formation of semi-solid AZ91D alloy stirred by electromagnetic field

With the help of an electromagnetic stirring device, alloy melt quenching and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction)analysis technology, the microstructure of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry stirred by rotational electromagnetic field under different stirring power conditions has been studied. The results show that the size of primary α-Mg phase is reduced obviously when the solidifying alloy melt is stirred by rotational electromagnetic field, moreover, the primary α-Mg grains are changed to fine rosette grains or spherical grains which are proved to belong to the different grains in three-dimension by the EBSD analysis technology. The results also show that the stirring power is an important processing parameter in the preparation of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry. The larger the stirring power, the finer the primary α-Mg grains, the less the rosette primary α-Mg grains, and the more the spherical primary α-Mg grains. Theoretical analysis indicates that a stronger flow motion leads to a more even temperature field and solute field and a stronger man-made temperature fluctuation in the alloy melt so that the specially fine rosette and/or spherical primary α-Mg grains are formed in the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy processed via a rheocasting route

This article reports the effects of stirring speed and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy synthesized by a rheocasting process. There was a decrease in grain size of α-Al particles corresponding to an increase in stirring speed. By increasing the stirring speed, however, the globularity of matrix particles first increased and then declined. It was also found that the hardness, compressive strength, and compressive strain increased with the increase of stirring speed. Microstructural studies revealed the presence of nonsoluble Al₁₅(CuFeMn)₃Si₂ phase in the vicinity of CuAl₂ in the rheocast samples. The required time for the solution treatment stage was also influenced by stirring speed; the solution treatment time decreased with the increase in stirring speed. Furthermore, the rheocast samples required a longer homogenization period compared to conventionally wrought alloys. Improvements in hardness and compressive properties were observed after T6 heat treatment.     

TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊微观组织特征及影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术在保护气氛下对单块TC4钛合金板材施焊,并获得良好成形。重点研究了搅拌区α+β双相微观组织演变机制及不同工艺参数对组织硬度的影响。结果表明,在经优化后的工艺参数条件下,搅拌区组织经历了α/β相变,最终形成基于β相区的α+β双态组织,搅拌头行走过后冷却析出的层片状α相沿β相区界面及内部分布,α相及β相晶粒细化明显,α/β层片间距的缩小可增强α+β复相强化效应,提高搅拌区硬度。搅拌头转速的提高增加了β相区的长大倾向,行进速度的提高降低了α相比例,并可生成针状马氏体。     

Microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy deformed by equal channel angular pressing process

The microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy after equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to four passes was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microhardness tests were performed to determine the associated changes in mechanical properties. An ultrafine-grained material has been obtained with a microstructure showing a mixture of highly strained crystallites. A high density of dislocations was achieved as a result of severe plastic deformation (SPD) through the die. Changes in mechanical behavior are also revealed after ECAP due to strain hardening. Thermal analysis and TEM micrographs obtained after annealing indicate the succession of the recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth phenomena. Moreover, the energy stored during ECAP may be related to the dislocation density introduced by SPD. We finally emphasize the role played by the precipitates in this alloy.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of bobbin-tool friction stir welded 2024-T3 aluminum alloy

Cold-rolled 2024-T3 sheet alloy was subjected to bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the nugget zone in the as-welded state were investigated. The results show that the equiaxed grain size of BTFSW 2024-T3 alloy decreases from 7.6 to 2.8 μm as the welding speed is increased from 80 to 120 mm/min; in addition, fine grains are generated in the nugget zone and the size distribution is non-uniform. All Al₂CuMg (S') precipitates dissolve into the Al matrix, whereas Mn-rich phases confirmed as T phases (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, Al₆Mn, or Al₃Mn) remain unchanged. The optimized parameters for BTFSW are verified as the rotation speed of 350 r/min and the travel speed of 100 mm/min. The variations in precipitation and dislocation play more important roles than grain size in the nugget zone with respect to influencing the mechanical properties during the BTFSW process. After the BTFSW process, the fracture mode of base material 2024-T3 alloy transforms from ductile rupture to ductile-brittle mixed fracture.     

Microstructural evolution during aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al titanium alloy

The development of microstructure during the aging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 alloy in the 13 and (α+β) solution-treated and quenched conditions was investigated. The results showed that the isothermal holding below 400℃ yielded homogeneously distributed, spherical ω-phase particles. Fine α aggregates are formed uniformly within 13 grains by nucleating at at particles or β/ω interfaces. At higher temperatures, thin martensite plates decomposed in water-quenched condition. The formation of ω phase was avoided and coarse coarse α-phase plates directly precipitated from the 13 matrix. The highest hardness values were found when the alloys were aged at 400℃ for 8 h. The significance of the observations was discussed in terms of the effect of aging on the precipitations and property.     

硼含量对 FeCoNiCrAl$_{bf 0.1}$B$_{ x}$ 高熵合金组织和力学性能的作用

研究了硼含量对 FeCoNiCrAl$_{0.1}$B$_{x}$ ($x = 0 sim 0.1$) 高熵合金微观组织和力学性能的作用. 结果表明: 当硼含量 $x le 0.03$ 时, FeCoNiCrAl$_{0.1}$B$_{x}$ 高熵合金由单一面心立方(face-centered cubic, FCC)结构的 $gamma $ 相组成; 而当硼含量 $x ge 0.05$ 时, FeCoNiCrAl$_{0.1}$B$_{x}$ 高熵合金由 $gamma $ 相、微量的有序态 FCC 相和硼化物组成. 硼元素的加入, 细化了 FeCoNiCrAl$_{0.1}$B$_{x}$ 高熵合金的晶粒, 提高了合金的抗拉强度, 但也降低了合金的延伸率. 在真空中拉伸时, FeCoNiCrAl$_{0.1}$B$_{x}$ 高熵合金的断口形貌均为韧窝状塑性断口.     

Microstructural evolution of ternary Ag33Cu42Ge25 eutectic alloy inside ultrasonic field

Ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 k Hz is introduced into the solidification process of ternary Ag33Cu42Ge25 eutectic alloy from the sample bottom to its top. The ultrasound stimulates the nucleation of alloy melt and prevents its bulk undercooling. At low ultrasound power of 250 W,the primary ε2phase in the whole alloy sample grows into non-faceted equiaxed grains, which differs to its faceted morphology of long strip under static condition. The pseudobinary(Ag t ε2) eutectic transits from dendrite shape grain composed of rod type eutectic to equiaxed chrysanthemus shape formed by lamellar structure. By contrast, the ultrasound produces no obvious variation in the morphology of ternary(Ag t Ge t ε2) eutectic except a coarsening effect. When ultrasound power rises to 500 W, divorced ternary(Ag t Ge t ε2) eutectic forms at the sample bottom. However, in the upper part, the ultrasonic energy weakens, and it only brings about prominent refining effect to primary ε2phase.The microstructural evolution mechanism is investigated on the cavitation, acoustic streaming and acoustic attenuation.