量子点背光技术的研究进展

量子点材料因具有发光波长可调,色度纯,量子效率高等优异特性而受到广泛关注,在光致发光高色彩显示方面有着巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了量子点背光技术的研究进展,主要对比了QDs On-Chip、QDs On-Surface及QDs On-Edge 3种量子点背光主流技术的基本原理及结构,并分析了它们在液晶显示领域的应用,未来前景及面临的挑战;然后介绍了几种新型的量子点背光技术,并对两种量子点背光新技术进行重点说明:一种是采用低温注塑成型工艺将量子点与高分子材料均匀混合为一体,用于制备直下式背光的量子点体散射型结构扩散板;另一种新技术是采用丝网印刷或喷墨打印工艺将量子点转印至导光板表面,形成应用于侧入式背光的量子点网点微结构导光板。这两种背光都具有制备工艺简单、成本低、生产效率高等特点,对高色域液晶显示的研究及发展意义深远。     

高色域量子点LED及其在背光显示中的应用研究

量子点因其独特优异的光学特性而被广泛应用于发光领域,其中最突出的特点是光谱调谐方便,只需要改变材料的尺寸,就可实现发光光谱的调谐。结合实际应用的需要,选取CdSe材料作为主要研究对象,通过改进工艺,采用希莱克技术隔绝水氧,使用高温热注入法,调整原料中镉源和锌源,硒源和硫源的比例,获得了尺寸分别约为6.0和4.2 nm,发光峰分别为625和525 nm,半高宽分别为30和28 nm,荧光量子产率分别达到82%和61%的粒径均一、色纯度高且高效稳定核壳结构CdSe/ZnS红光和绿光量子点材料。然后对量子点LED在背光显示中的应用进行了研究,采用合成的红光和绿光量子点材料替代传统工艺中的荧光粉材料,通过改进封装方式,对量子点光转换层采用双层环氧树脂AB胶保护,同时引入PMMA透镜包覆,从根本上隔绝水氧。最终得到的量子点白光LED,红绿蓝光发射峰分别为630, 535和453 nm,半高宽别为20, 28和30 nm,三段光谱发射峰两侧对称性良好,有效解决了传统荧光粉白光LED在红色光谱波段缺失的问题,并同时实现了单色性好、色纯度高、色彩饱和度高等优点。在LED积分球光色电测试系统中20 mA电流条件下测试,得到了CIE色坐标为(0.329, 0.324)的白光量子点LED,这是非常接近标准白光的色坐标。其色温为5 094 K,光效达到94.72 lm·W-1,显色指数Ra可达78.6,寿命超过400 h。最后对量子点LED灯条进行封装得到背光源,根据测试获取的白光量子点LED发射光谱,可以得到sRGB颜色三角形,即色域,通过对比NTSC1931标准色域,得到了色域覆盖率可以达到109.7%的高色域量子点LED背光源。开发的LED背光由240个白光量子点LED制成,并且首次成功演示了29英寸液晶电视面板,这一结果将进一步开发量身定制的量子点,特别是在高性能显示器应用领域。     

量子点背光液晶显示技术的亥姆霍兹-科尔劳施效应

亥姆霍兹-科尔劳施效应（简称H-K效应）指的是人眼对色光的感知亮度随着色纯度的增加而提升的现象。量子点背光技术可显著提升液晶显示的色域和视觉感知亮度,已经在众多显示产品中开始应用。本论文通过观看者亮度感知实验,对比了YAG荧光粉白光LED背光电视（YAG电视）和量子点背光电视（量子点电视）的H-K效应差异,根据Kaiser模型与Nayatani模型分析纯色实验的测试结果,并通过彩色实验探究了显示器的色域对感知亮度与主观偏好的影响。实验结果表明：量子点电视具有更为显著的H-K效应,视觉感知亮度明显高于传统YAG电视;在同样的感知亮度下,量子点电视的纯色R、G的物理亮度仅为YAG电视的75%、86%;鲜艳彩色画面的物理亮度为YAG电视的74%～88%;在相同感知亮度下,高色域的量子点电视更受欢迎,并且喜好趋势将随着亮度的增加而增加。上述结果对于健康显示的发展具有重要指导意义。     

针孔点背光技术实验

在“星光Ⅱ”装置上进行针孔点背光技术的演示实验.利用激光辐照φ50μm的小孔产生的堵孔效应使X光的脉宽缩短,起到类似于短脉冲点背光源的作用.另外利用成像方法,实验演示了由面背光方式获得点背光技术,称之为点针孔背光技术.实验结果表明：结合堵孔效应和点背光方式,能获得与点背光同样的结果,这样可以避开点背光对激光器较为苛刻的要求.     

高分辨率量子点图案化技术

由于量子点优异的材料特性,包括可调的能带间隙、高量子产率、高稳定性和可低成本地溶液加工等,其在显示领域引发了浓厚的兴趣和研究热潮。近年来,随着全世界对高质量显示的需求日益增长,特别是随着虚拟/增强现实（VR/AR）等近眼显示技术的兴起,对高亮度、高分辨率、高效率以及低功耗的显示技术提出了更高的要求。本文全面探讨了高分辨率量子点图案化技术,深入解析它们的工艺流程,并详细阐述它们在量子点显示器件中的各种应用。此外,还概述了高分辨率量子点图案化技术在实际应用中所面临的主要挑战。我们认为,要将高分辨率量子点图案化技术真正地应用到实际设备中,必须全面考虑各种因素,不仅包括从图案化技术出发,同时还涉及到从材料选择和器件结构设计等多个角度的深入思考和策划。本综述可为高分辨率量子点图案化技术行业的发展和研究提供有价值的参考。     

量子点、钙钛矿色转换全彩显示应用研究进展

量子点具有色纯度高、发光颜色可调和荧光量子产率高等诸多优良的光电特性,已成为一类非常重要的发光材料,在显示及照明领域都受到了广泛的关注.目前,量子点材料的显示应用主要是基于其光致发光特性,或者说色转换特性,用于提升液晶面板的显示色域、或者与蓝光主动发光器件搭配实现全彩显示.本文首先综述常规量子点(CdSe、InP)在液...     

钙钛矿量子点:机遇与挑战

近年来,卤化物钙钛矿纳米材料因其优异的光电性能引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文回顾了钙钛矿量子点从材料到多功能应用发展中的多个"高光"时刻,探讨了其快速发展过程中面临的机遇与挑战,强调了该领域发展存在的瓶颈,希望以此与广大同仁进行交流,共同推进钙钛矿量子点的研究进程。     

离子掺杂钙钛矿量子点玻璃研究进展

近年来,全无机钙钛矿量子点因其优异的光电性能受到研究者的广泛关注,但其较差的稳定性极大地限制了其应用。利用玻璃优异的稳定性,控制钙钛矿量子点在玻璃中原位析出,使玻璃包覆在钙钛矿量子点周围,隔绝其与外界环境的接触,有效地提高了其稳定性。通过在钙钛矿量子点玻璃中掺杂特定的离子可以调控钙钛矿量子点的析晶情况和发光峰位,并可引入新的发光中心。本文根据掺杂离子的目的,综合介绍了离子掺杂钙钛矿量子点玻璃的研究进展,为近期关于离子掺杂钙钛矿量子点玻璃的研究提供了思路和参考。     

垂直结构多色量子点LED(QD-LED)最新进展

量子点LED以胶体量子点为发光层,通过调节作为发光层量子点的尺寸可以制作出覆盖可见(380-780nm)以及近红外光谱的量子点LED(QD-LED),而且量子点LED器件发出的光谱范围很窄,其光谱半高宽可达30nm。简述了当今国内外关于QD-LED器件结构的研究成果以及器件的制作工艺,介绍了目前课题组最新的一些相关成果。重点阐述了目前已经得到验证的几种量子点器件结构,分析了其存在的优缺点,这些结论对进一步改进QD-LED的结构以及使其可以更有利于商业化提供了参考。     

高效率钙钛矿量子点发光二极管研究进展

钙钛矿量子点具有光致发光量子产率高、发光光谱可调、光谱宽度窄、缺陷容忍度高以及独特的量子限域效应等优点,因此成为研制新型高效率发光二极管(LED)的热门材料。本文介绍了近几年基于钙钛矿量子点LED的研究最新进展。首先,介绍了钙钛矿量子点独特的晶体结构及钙钛矿发光器件的工作原理。然后,阐述了合成高光致发光量子产率(PLQY)量子点的方法及提高钙钛矿量子点LED效率的若干方法。最后,分析了当前钙钛矿量子点LED所面临的挑战如不稳定性及毒性,以及可应用在显示和照明方面的高效率LED所展现的前景。本综述为研制更高效率以及更加安全的钙钛矿量子点发光器件提供了有益的见解。     

液晶显示器广色域技术的研究

针对当前液晶显示器存在色彩表现不佳的缺点, 从原理上研究了影响液晶显示器色域的主要因素。通过实验, 分别验证了彩色滤光片厚度、LED光源光谱以及量子点材料对液晶显示器色域的影响。通过增加液晶面板的彩色滤光片厚度, 将色域增加了8%;通过更改LED光源光谱, 将色域提升到85%NTSC以上;通过采用量子点材料, 实现了100%NTSC以上色域。     

半导体量子点中的杂化量子比特

文章介绍了半导体新型量子比特——杂化量子比特。通过与半导体量子点中自旋量子比特和电荷量子比特进行比较,阐述了杂化量子比特兼具长相干与快操控的优点。在总结了杂化量子比特发展与现状的基础上,进一步简单介绍了中国科学技术大学中国科学院量子信息重点实验室在改进型杂化量子比特方面的工作成果。     

Controlled phase gates based on two nonidentical quantum dots trapped in separate cavities

We propose a scheme for realizing two-qubit controlled phase gates on two nonidentical quantum dots trapped in separate cavities. In our scheme, each dot simultaneously interacts with one highly detuned cavity mode and two strong driven classical fields. During the gate operation, the quantum dots undergo no transition, while the system can acquire different phases conditional on different states of the quantum dots. With the application of the single-qubit operations, two-qubit controlled phase gates can be realized.     

Radiation characteristics of injection lasers based on vertically coupled quantum dots

We have studied injection lasers based on InGaAs/GaAs vertically coupled quantum dots (QD) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The threshold current density decreases by one order of magnitude down to 90 A cm⁻²(300 K) with an increase of the number of QD stacks (N) up to 10. ForN≥ 3 lasing occurs via the QD ground state up to room temperature. Differential efficiency increases withNup to 50%. No change in range of high temperature stability of threshold current density (J_th) was observed, while the characteristic temperature (T₀) measured at 300 K increases from 60 to 120 K. Using InGaAs-AlGaAs QD with higher localization energy allowed us to decreaseJ_thdown to 60 A cm⁻²and to increase the differential efficiency up to 70%.     

Second-harmonic generation in asymmetric quantum dots in the presence of a static magnetic field

The second-harmonic generation(SHG) coefficient in an asymmetric quantum dot(QD) with a static magnetic field is theoretically investigated.Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation,we obtain the confined wave functions and energies of electrons in the QD.We also obtain the SHG coefficient by the compact-density-matrix approach and the iterative method.The numerical results for the typical GaAs/AlGaAs QD show that the SHG coefficient depends strongly on the magnitude of magnetic field,parameters of the asymmetric potential and the radius of the QD.The resonant peak shifts with the magnetic field or the radius of the QD changing.     

Polaron effect on the optical rectification in spherical quantum dots with electric field

The polaron effect on the optical rectification in spherical quantum dots with a shallow hydrogenic impurity in the presence of electric field is theoretically investigated by taking into account the interactions of the electrons with both confined and surface optical phonons. Besides, the interaction between impurity and phonons is also considered. Numerical calculations are presented for typical Zn_(1-x)Cd_xSe/ZnSe material. It is found that the polaronic effect or electric field leads to the redshifted resonant peaks of the optical rectification coefficients. It is also found that the peak values of the optical rectification coefficients with the polaronic effect are larger than without the polaronic effect, especially for smaller Cd concentrations or stronger electric field.     

Terahertz wave generation in coupled quantum dots

Based on coupled quantum dots,we present an interesting optical effect in a four-level loop coupled system.Both the two upper levels and the two lower levels are designed to be almost degenerate,which induces a considerable dipole moment.The terahertz wave is obtained from the low-frequency component of the photon emission spectrum.The frequency of the terahertz wave can be controlled by tuning the energy levels via designing the nanostructure appropriately or tuning the driving laser field.A terahertz wave with adjustable frequency and considerable intensity(100 times higher than that of the Rayleigh line) can be obtained.It provides an effective scheme for a terahertz source.     

Narrow-band high-transmittance birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut display

We propose a narrow-band birefringent filter and its application in wide color gamut. The birefringent filter consists of five phase retarders and two polarizers, and it has both narrow band and high transmittance. In the experiment, we fabricate the birefringent filter using quartz phase retarders and polarizers, and apply it in serval different displays. The color gamuts of displays are enhanced more than 30%NTSC(National Television System Committee), and the widest color gamuts that have been obtained are 126%NTSC in liquid crystal displays and 138%NTSC in organic light-emitting devices. Moreover,the deep blue light in spectrum of display can be reduced using the birefringent filter. The birefringent filter can be an efficient element to achieve wide color gamut display.     

Exact analytical solutions for shallow impurity states in symmetrical paraboloidal and hemiparaboloidal quantum dots

The problem of a shallow donor impurity located at the centre of a symmetrical paraboloidal quantum dot (SPQD) is solved exactly. The Schrödinger equation is separated in the paraboloidal coordinate system. Three different cases are discussed for the radial-like equations. For a bound donor, the energy is negative and the solutions are described by Whittaker functions. For a non-bound donor, the energy is positive and the solutions become coulomb wave functions. In the last case, the energy is equal to zero and the solutions reduce to Bessel functions. Using the boundary conditions at the dot surfaces, the variations of the donor kinetic and potential energies versus the size of the dot are obtained. The problem of a shallow donor impurity in a Hemiparaboloidal Quantum dot (HPQD) is also studied. It is shown that the wave functions of a HPQD are specific linear combinations of those of a SPQD.