DWDM混合光学系统中帧间和信道内四波混频效应的抑制（英文）

本文提出了光码多分址(CDMA)和光密集波分复用(DWDM)的混合系统,全面研究了四波混频(FWM)的影响。在这个系统中,主要存在两个四波混频问题:包括多址干扰(MAI)和码间干扰(ISI)的帧间四波混频和信道内四波混频。结果表明,综合考虑信道间和信道内四波混频的影响,最佳发射功率可选为18 d Bm。当发射功率大于18 d Bm时,混合系统的误码率(BER)将增加。基于此,本文提出了一种电光相位调制器(EOPM)模块,将其放置在波分复用器之后,通过抑制信道内四波混频的影响,同时调制所有波长信号的相位,从而增加混合系统的非线性容限,这极大地改善了基于OOK传输的光学CDMA-DWDM混合系统的性能。此外,由于多对角线(MD)结构具有零互相关特性,通过使用多对角线识别序列码可以减少多址干扰的影响。结果还表明,CDMA技术与色散相结合有助于降低信道间四波混频的影响。此外,识别序列码间隔在减轻码间干扰中起着至关重要的作用,如结果所示,当识别序列码间隔压缩至比特持续时间的25%时,可以避免码间干扰,此时所提出的混合系统的性能最佳。     

DWDM系统非简并四波混频串扰的分析

考虑到DWDM系统中的比特序列的随机性、信道间脉冲走离效应等多种因素的影响,完善了归零调制格式下的四波混频效率的计算方法,给出了相应的非简并四波混频噪声标准差的计算公式,并利用该公式进行实例分析,计算结果表明,当占空比和信道间隔变小时,不同信道内的随机比特序列的相对初始时延及光纤色散值的取值组合对四波混频效率的影响变得更大,为保证系统的低色散和低四波混频串扰特性,必须对这些量取值组合进行优化. 关键词： 非简并四波混频 脉冲走离 密集波分复用     

基于DCO-OFDM的帧内信号时域调整技术研究(英文)

在传统OFDM系统中,OFDM码元在信道特性不佳时可能会超出保护间隔并严重影响相邻码元,从而造成码间干扰和载波间干扰.针对此类干扰,在高速非相干光OFDM通信系统中,提出了一种基于直流偏置光OFDM的帧内信号时域调整方案.该方案运用傅里叶变换的基本性质,通过简单的频域子信道预处理,便可以将直流偏置光OFDM时域信号进行帧内交叉性时序搬移,使信号能量从码元边缘部分集中到中间部分.数值模拟表明,该方案能显著降低因码元超出保护间隔而引起的码间干扰和载波间干扰,从而有效改善系统的误码率性能.对于某些通过减小保护间隔来提高信息传输有效性的光OFDM系统,该方案也具有很大意义.     

色散管理波分复用系统中的简并四波混频噪声

建立了强度调制色散管理波分复用的简并四波混频噪声标准差的理论计算模型,此理论模型考虑到了两种随机因素的影响:各信道内的比特流的随机性及脉冲初始相位的随机性.信道间的脉冲走离效应使色散管理光纤链路中的脉冲碰撞位置的分布比较复杂,这些碰撞位置又会对四波混频噪声标准差的值产生较大影响,所建立的理论模型充分考虑到了这种碰撞位置的影响.利用这个理论模型进行了相关计算,计算结果表明,优化的色散管理方案在保证脉冲稳定传输的同时,能获得较小的四波混频噪声标准差;当系统选择较小的占空比时,优化各信道脉冲的相对初始时延能较大程度地减小四波混频效应的不利影响.     

点对点移动水声通信技术研究

点对点移动水声通信是实现由活动和静止节点共同构成的水声数据通信网的关键技术之一. 对移动水声通信声信道特性进行了分析,指出不同途径到达的声线对应的多普勒频偏不一致,进一步加大了多途扩展产生的码间干扰的复杂性,不利于水声通信. 提出单阵元被动式相位共轭镜信道均衡技术,可实时自动补偿多普勒频偏,并聚焦多途信号. 将单阵元被动式相位共轭应用于Pattern时延差编码移动水声通信系统,进行了移动水声通信试验,湖试结果验证了其消除码间干扰性能及本文水声通信系统的鲁棒性. 关键词： 移动水声通信 被动式相位共轭镜 时变信道 码间干扰     

单模光纤中的四波混频

四波混频(FWM)是石英光纤中的一种重要的非线性光波相互作用,在频分复用(FDM)和波分复用(WDM)光纤通信系统中,四波混频引起的信道间的串话和白噪音远远大于受激喇曼(SRS)串扰,并且四波混频(FWM)能够有效地产生新频率光波,因而受到极大关注;本文详细分析了在CW泵浦下单色光在石英单模光纤中的四波混频。推导出四波混频新光波的功率的解析式,其中考虑了泵浦波的自相位调制(SPM)和交叉相位调制(CPM)对四波混频光波功率的影响,并对其进行了数值模拟。     

时域相位光码分多址系统性能分析

给出了时域相位光码分多址系统(OCDMA)的噪声模型,提出了由码间串扰(ISI)所引起的自差拍噪声(SB)概念.利用鞍点近似法分析了多址干扰(MAD、码间串扰、自差拍等噪声对系统性能的影响,给出了系统误码率公式.对最佳门限接收系统以及采用光硬件限幅器的系统性能进行了仿真研究.表明"1"码的误判概率是影响系统的决定性因素.也是开关键控(OOK)系统难以克服的主要问题.最后给出一种采用双编/解码器平衡检测系统的原理框图,分析其性能,并与传统OOK系统比较,结果表明其性能有较大的提高.     

面向CVQKD量子-经典信号共纤传输技术研究

量子-经典信号共纤传输技术对实用化量子保密通信网络建设具有重要意义。针对经典光在光纤信道中的拉曼散射（RS）、四波混频（FWM）以及交叉相位调制（XPM）等非线性效应对量子信号的噪声干扰,构建了量子-经典信号共纤传输连续变量量子密钥分发（CVQKD）系统的安全密钥率仿真模型,重点分析了经典光功率、信道间隔和探测方式对系统噪声和密钥率的影响。结果表明,在近距离传输时,FWM噪声占主导地位,在传输距离大于10 km时,XPM噪声大于RS和FWM噪声。系统总噪声与经典光功率正相关,与波分复用信道间隔反相关。零差和外差检测下,随着传输距离的增加,安全密钥率整体变化趋势接近,零差检测方式具有更大的极限传输距离。该研究工作可为实用化量子-经典信号共纤传输CVQKD系统的优化设计提供参考。     

波分复用系统中的四波混频估算和非线性仿真

在叔分复用（ＷＤＭ）光纤通信系统中,群速度色散（ＧＶＤ）、自相位调制（ＳＰＭ）、互相位调制（ＸＰＭ）以及四波混频（ＦＷＭ）等非线性效应能明显降低系统性能,给出了在系统中四波混频效应的简单估算公式,以及在采用单信道方法仿真波分复用系统的非线性效应时,为保证计算精度所需的步长的选取公式,提出了一种基于求解多信道耦合波方程组的群速度色散／自位位调制／互相位调制／四波混频仿真算法,可大大减少计算工作量,这     

基于码移键控-光码分多址技术的光隐匿通信系统实验

为进一步提高光隐匿通信系统的安全性,提出了基于码移键控-光码分多址(CSK-OCDMA)技术的光隐匿通信方案,搭建了2.5Gb/s的实验系统。实验装置中采用低成本的分布反馈半导体激光器作为隐匿光源,宿主光源采用贴近波分复用(WDM)光网络实际的光波长转换板(OTU)。实验结果表明,隐匿信道可实现背靠背无误码传输,且隐匿信道的引入对宿主信道接收机灵敏度的影响仅为0.1dBm。在保证隐匿信道无误码传输的情况下,宿主与隐匿信号功率差最大可以达24.6dBm。加入前向纠错设备(FEC)后,实现了光隐匿通信系统100km无误码传输。     

Multiple access interference cancellation in Manchester-coded synchronous optical PPM-CDMA network

A new interference cancellation technique for direct-detection optical code- division multiple-access (OCDMA) network employing pulse-position modulation (PPM) is proposed in this paper. The multiple access interference (MAI) estimation is achieved by pre-reserving one of optical spreading code sequences at the receiver based on the correlation property of padded modified prime codes (PMPC). The estimated interference is then cancelled out after photo-detection process. Additionally, the transmitted signal is Manchester-coded to further improve the system performance. Based on this proposed interference canceller in a shot-noise limited regime, we have obtained an expression for the upper bound of the bit-error probability (BEP) taking into account effects of both MAI and shot-noise. This BEP is compared with that of a PPM-OCDMA without cancellation. Finally, the receiver structure of the proposed optical network unit (ONU) is fairly simple to compare with the conventional cancellation schemes.     

An efficient MAI cancellation technique in Optical CDMA

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a promising operational system for future backhaul optical networks especially for switching and optical signal multiplexing. However, OCDMA operation is restricted by multiple access interference (MAI) due to the asynchronous nature of transmission. In this study, we discuss an efficient MAI technique for OCDMA systems that depends not only on using hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation but also on employing the double padded modified prime code (DPMPC) as a signature sequence. MAI cancellation is performed by subtracting a reference signal from the received signal of the desired user. The simulation results show that the performance of the FSK-OCDMA technique is superior to the performance of the PPM-OCDMA technique. Furthermore, the obtained results illustrate that the FSK-OCDMA technique is able to accommodate a large number of simultaneous active users with low error-rate.     

基于成像光通信的时间-空间扩频混合光码分多址编码方案

为了在成像光通信中充分利用时间和空间两种频带资源,以成像光通信为基础,提出一种利用二维光正交Pattern码结合时域扩频实现光码分多址(OCDMA)编码的新方案。分析在该方案中存在的多址干扰噪声,并给出了噪声的概率密度函数,然后讨论由多址噪声引起的误码率与判决门限、用户数、码长积和码重积之间的关系。在相同的码容量下与时域扩频光码分多址编码和空间扩频光码分多址编码方案相比,该方案能降低对相关器件性能(时域码片数量和空间像素规模)的要求,而且还可获得更小的误码率。最后给出编码解码的光学实现方案。     

Optimal design of phase function in Generalized DFT

Recently, a theoretical framework for Generalized DFT (GDFT) with nonlinear phase functions exploiting the phase space to design various constant modulus orthogonal transforms was introduced. This paper extends prior work to design longer bases widely used in real world communications systems. GDFT provides flexibilities in phase space yielding performance improvements over other code families including DFT in correlation metrics. GDFT phase functions are optimally designed in order to reduce inter carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) that dictate the performance of a multiuser channel. It is presented in the paper that superior correlation of GDFT over DFT manifests itself in improved BER performance in direct sequence CDMA based multi-user communications systems     

Cardinality enhancement of spectral/spatial modified double weight code optical code division multi-access system by PIIN suppression

A new two-dimensional (2-D) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) scheme to increase the achievable system capacity is proposed. The code exhibits good cross-correlation property time and wavelength shift. Performances are analyzed on code size and correlation properties affecting two important system parameters, bit error rate (BER) as a function of cardinality generated and optical power transmission requirement. The proposed system can effectively suppress phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) and has multi-access interference (MAI) cancellation property. Results in a good agreement indicate that 2-D modified double weight (MDW) offers 163.7% and 336.2% larger cardinality compare to 2-D perfect difference code (PDC) and 2-D modified quadratic congruence (MQC) code. By increasing spatial code (N) and keeps similar code length system performance can be further optimized. 2-D MDW (M = 45, N = 18) accommodates 252.2% and 18.3% cardinality increment and low effective transmitted power (P_sr) at −17.9 dBm, compare to 2-D MDW (M = 247, N = 3) and (M = 84, N = 9) at 10⁻⁹ BER error floor. The architecture of the spectral/spatial MDW OCDMA system with property of MAI cancellation is presented.     

New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation

A zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code is proposed to reduce the impact of system impairment and multiple access interference (MAI) in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance is derived taking into account the effect of some noises. The key to an effective OCDMA system is the choice of efficient address codes with good or almost zero correlation properties for encoding the source. The use of ZCC code can eradicate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) which will contribute to better BER. Thus, we demonstrate, theoretically, the performance of optical ZCC code. It is shown that optical ZCC code can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical error rate of optical communication system of 10⁻⁹. The result indicates that the established system not only preserves the capability of suppressing MAI, but also improves bit-error-rate performance as compared to the conventional coders.     

2.50 Gbit/s optical CDMA over FSO communication system

Optical CDMA over FSO communication system is very effective to provide high data rate transmission with very low bit error rate and low amount of multiple access interference. In this paper, we have presented optical CDMA over FSO communication system to the range of 8000 m. The simulative results reveal that the transmission distance is limited mainly by the multi-access interference (MAI) which arises when there are number of users in the system because of the fact that one user data becomes noisy for all other users in the channel.     

Performance investigation of suppression of four wave mixing using optical phase conjugation with different modulation format in DWDM soliton communication system

The performance of dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) soliton transmission system for returnto-zero (RZ) and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation formats have been investigated. The main aim of this paper is to estimate and mitigate the four wave mixing (FWM) power by using in-line optical phase conjugator (OPC). The effect of FWM has been estimated using real fiber link having nonlinear and attenuation losses. The FWM power is strongly suppressed by introducing destructive interference between the first and second halves of in-line OPC. It has been indicated that RZ with OPC yields the better performance with FWM power suppression (more than 20 dBm in certain cases) with reasonable bit error rate and Q-factor.     

Investigation on modified FWM suppression methods in DWDM optical communication system

The focus of this paper is to investigate the methods for Four Wave Mixing (FWM) suppression. Modified techniques equal and unequal-channel spacing with polarization, equal channel spacing with alternate channel delay, optical coupling and varied laser power have been proposed to reduce the impact of FWM on Dense Wave Length Division Multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication system. Further the comparison of reduction of FWM for existing and proposed techniques has been discussed by varying the dispersion of fiber from 0 to 16 ps/nm/km. It has been observed that the suggested techniques are simpler to design optical communication system and superior to the existing methods.