国产光栅近红外光谱仪扫描条件对检测结果的影响

以云南优质烤烟为实验材料,在国产光栅漫反射型近红外仪器上,研究了采集间隔、开机时长、背景测量频率等扫描条件对近红外检测结果的影响。研究结果表明：8,16 nm的光谱数据采集间隔对近红外烤烟定量分析的影响不大,为提高采集速度确定该仪器的采集间隔为16 nm;建立了包含开机时长因素在内的模型,提高模型的适应性;该仪器具有基线漂移提示功能,从而确定仪器背景采集的频率,可以降低分析误差,提高检测结果的准确度。     

Synthesis of a New NIR Fluorescent Nd Complex Labeling Agent

Fluorescent analysis has been widely used in biological, chemical and analytical research. A useful fluorescent labeling agent should include NIR emission, a large Stoke’s shift, and good labeling ability without interfering with the pharmacological profile of the labeled compound. Thus, we planned to develop an M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) derivative composed of an NIR fluorescent moiety and a maleimide conjugating moiety as a new NIR fluorescent labeling agent which fulfills these requirements. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was synthesized from 4-amino-fluorescein and was conjugated with an avidin molecule (Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd)) through Lys-side chains by reaction with 2-iminothiolane. The fluorescent features of M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) and Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) were comparatively evaluated. A binding assay of Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) with D-biotin and a tumor cell-uptake study were performed to estimate the effects of conjugation on the biological and physicochemical features of the protein. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was obtained in 22% overall yield. M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) had a typical NIR fluorescence from the Nd ion (880 nm and 900 nm from 488 nm excitation). Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was easily synthesized and also had typical NIR fluorescence from the Nd ion without loss of fluorescent intensity. The binding affinity of Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) to D-biotin was equivalent to naive avidin. Avidin-AMF-DOTA(Nd) was taken up by tumor cells in the same manner as avidin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, an established, widely used fluorescent avidin. Results from this study indicate that M-AMF-DOTA(Nd) is a potential labeling agent for routine NIR fluorescent analysis.     

NIR to visible upconversion emission from Dy: ZBLYAN glasses

This paper reports on the near infrared (730-783 nm) to the visible upconversion emissions at 482 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2), 576 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2) and 662 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_11/2) from the Dy³⁺doped 53ZrF₄-20BaF₂-2LaF₃-2YF₃-3AlF₃-19NaF-1DyF₃ glasses. We have also carried out a systematic study on the normal emission properties of these glasses in order to understand their performance both as a NIR upconverted visible luminescent and as normal visible fluorescent optical systems of technical importance. With an increase in Dy³⁺ concentration beyond a particular value (1 mol%), activator-activator interaction becomes a significant cause of concentration quenching in the luminescence properties. The dependence of the emission spectra on the excitation wavelengths has also been examined and 451 nm was found to be the ideal excitation wavelength in the measurement of normal fluorescence spectra. In the case of NIR upconverted visible emission, we have observed that the NIR excitation at 783 nm as the suitable pump wavelength in demonstrating prominent visible emission colours from these glasses. The relevance in undertaking these optical materials lies in their potential for upconversion laser application in the visible wavelength region. The NIR upconversion phenomenon has been explained in terms of energy level schemes due to excited state absorption (ESA) and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) processes.     

Awakening the Dumb Site to Realize Ultra-Broadband NIR Phosphor

Near-infrared (NIR) light sources have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their wide range of applications in various fields, including spectroscopy and biomedical imaging. However, the limited emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors is a significant bottleneck in their development. Here, a novel strategy is reported to broaden the emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors by awakening the dumb site. Na₄M₃Ta(PO₄)₆: Cr³⁺ (M = Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, In³⁺) phosphor is synthesized, which exhibits a greatly broadened bandwidth from 134 to 232 nm. Structural and spectral analysis reveals that the NaO₆ octahedral site has a severe t_2g-type distortion, making it a dumb site for Cr³⁺. By introducing larger In³⁺ at the M site, the angular distortion at the NaO₆ site decreases to the normal range, enabling the luminescence of Cr³⁺ again. Along with the broadened bandwidth, the emission peak also redshifts from 802 to 977 nm, giving advantages in NIR spectroscopy applications. Interestingly, the awakened luminescence at the NaO₆ site shows even better luminescence properties than the original M/TaO₆ octahedral site. These findings reveal a novel insight into the luminescence of Cr³⁺ at the octahedral site, which could potentially revolutionize the design of NIR phosphors.     

Highly efficient quantum cutting in Yb/Pr-codoped NaY(WO4)2 crystal

Cutting one ultraviolet photon into three near-infrared (NIR) photons can effectively improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells. We prepared Yb-doped, Pr-doped, and Yb/Pr-codoped NaY(WO₄)₂ (NYW) crystals. The Yb/Pr-codoped sample can divide the ultraviolet and blue photons into ∼1000 nm NIR photons, which brings strong emission at the NIR wavelength range. On the basis of the luminescence spectra and lifetime analysis, the quantum efficiency of the material is higher.     

Sugar Determination in Grapes Using NIR Technology

In the last years, the interest in near infrared (NIR) technology is growing. Among the advantages offered by NIR spectroscopy are: speed, low cost, high repeatability, high reproducibility, and nondestructive. The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility of using NIR reflectance spectroscopy for correlation with sugar contents in grapes of the following varieties: Garnacha and Viura. These procedures were performance: fruits were hand-harvested and 30 grapes of each variety were selected. Mass, sugar and NIR (800-2500 nm) reflectance spectra of all the samples were obtained. The harvesting lasted long to obtain a wide range of the sugar content. Data were analysed using SPSS and SAS. It is possible a correlationship between NIR spectra and sugar (°Brix) so we can predict °Brix of grape with NIR technology. Multilinear Regressions were obtained. So, Viura multilinear regression used 33 variables (R² = 0,925; standard error of estimate = 1,0446) and Garnacha, 63 variables (R² = 0,89; standard error of estimate = 1,0508).     

Enhanced Photoelectric and Photothermal Responses on Silicon Platform by Plasmonic Absorber and Omni‐Schottky Junction

Recent progresses in plasmon‐induced hot electrons open up the possibility to achieve photon harvesting beyond the fundamental limit imposed by band‐to‐band transitions in semiconductors. To obtain high efficiency, both the optical absorption and electron emission/collection are crucial factors that need to be addressed in the design of hot electron devices. Here, we demonstrate a photoresponse as high as 3.3mA/W at 1500nm on a silicon platform by plasmonic absorber (PA) and omni‐Schottky junction integrated photodetector, reverse biased at 5V and illuminated with 10mW. The PA fabricated on silicon consists of a monolayer of random Au nanoparticles (NPs), a wide‐band gap semiconductor (TiO₂) and an optically thick Au electrode, resulting in broadband near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and efficient hot‐electron transfer via an all‐around Schottky emission path. Meanwhile, time and spectral‐resolved photoresponse measurements reveal that embedded NPs with superior absorption resembling plasmonic local heating sources can transfer their energy to electricity via the photothermal mechanism, which until now has not been adequately assessed or rigorously differentiated from the photoelectric process in plasmon‐mediated photon harvesting nano‐systems.     

波导适用型铝锗酸盐玻璃中铥离子上转换荧光光子输出与量子产率定量

制备了适用于钾钠离子交换波导的Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂铝锗酸盐玻璃,利用积分球配以光纤光谱仪在975nm激光泵浦下对玻璃的上转换荧光进行测试,解析出样品的绝对荧光特征参量。测试与计算结果显示,在380℃的KNO3熔盐中,Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂的铝锗酸盐玻璃的钾钠离子交换有效扩散系数为0.070μm~2/min,热离子交换过程易于控制。铝锗酸盐玻璃样品中,Tm~(3+)主要发出477 nm蓝光和806 nm近红外光,其中近红外光为支配性发射。绝对荧光参数和激发功率密度呈正相关,当功率密度达到1 482 W/cm2时,三光子上转换蓝光的绝对光谱功率、净发射光子数和量子产率分别为269μW、6.46×10~(14)/s和1.43×10~(-4),双光子近红外光上转换对应的3个参量分别为4 024μW、1.63×10~(16)/s和3.61×10~(-3)。基于波导适用型铝锗酸盐玻璃中Tm~(3+)上转换荧光的绝对化表征,为进一步研发光电子器件和激光材料提供了有益的数据参考。     

空间分辨光谱和可见/近红外光谱的番茄颜色等级判别

比较分析空间分辨光谱和单点可见/近红外光谱（可见/短波近红外光谱和中波近红外光谱）对番茄颜色的识别能力。根据番茄表面和内部颜色将600个样品分为6个等级（green, breaker, turning, pink, light red和red）。分别利用新型空间分辨光谱系统（550~1 650 nm）,可见/短波近红外光谱仪（400~1 100 nm）和中波近红外光谱仪（900~1 700 nm）采集番茄的空间分辨（spatially-resolved, SR）光谱和单点可见/近红外（SP Vis/NIR）光谱,建立番茄等级的偏最小二乘判别（PLSDA）模型,比较其对番茄颜色等级的预测效果。结果表明, SR光谱组合可在最佳单一SR光谱基础上进一步提高番茄颜色的识别能力,对番茄表面颜色和内部颜色的识别率可分别达到98.8%和84.6%。光源-检测器距离较近的SR光谱对番茄表面颜色的识别有帮助,而光源-检测器距离较远的SR光谱能较好的判别番茄内部颜色。SP NIR光谱在对番茄表面颜色判别中与SR光谱具有一定可比性,其分类准确率可达到95%,但SP Vis/NIR光谱在对番茄内部颜色识别中具有较低的分类准确率,分类结果远不如SR光谱,说明SR光谱比SP Vis/NIR光谱对番茄颜色的判别更具潜力。     

近红外光谱定量分析技术在枇杷可溶性固形物无损检测中的应用

应用近红外漫反射光谱定量分析技术对两个产地三个品种枇杷的可溶性固形物进行无损检测试验研究。通过分析,发现在波长1 400～1 500 nm和1 900～2 000 nm两段范围,样品的可溶性固形物与光谱吸光度之间的相关系数较高;用偏最小二乘回归PLSR、逐步多元线性回归SMLR和主成分回归PCR三种方法分别建立这两个波段和全波段范围的模型,全波段的PLSR模型的效果较优。研究发现一阶和二阶微分光谱建立的模型均不如原始光谱建立的模型效果好。最终建立三个品种枇杷样品的原始光谱在全波段范围经17点平滑后的PLSR模型,模型的校正集和预测集的相关系数分别为0.96和0.95。研究表明近红外光谱检测技术可用于枇杷可溶性固形物含量的定量分析。     

Temperature dependence and quantum efficiency of ultrabroad NIR photoluminescence from Ni2+ centers in nanocrystalline Ba-Al titanate glass ceramics

Ultrabroad near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence from Ni2+-centers in nanocrystalline Ba-Al titanate glass ceramics was studied by temperature-dependent static and dynamic photoluminescence spectroscopy in the regime of 10 to 300 K. Photoluminescence covers the spectral range of about 1100 nm to >1600 nm with a typical bandwidth (FWHM) greater than 300 nm. For UV-LED excitation at 352 nm, an internal quantum efficiency of 65% is obtained. The excited state lifetime τ at room temperature is 39 μs. The stimulated emission cross section σ(em) is 8.5×10(-20) cm2, resulting in a practical figure of merit, σ(em) * τ, of 3.3×10(-24) cm2 s at room temperature. These properties suggest suitability as a broadband gain medium for tunable lasers and optical amplifiers.     

NIR photoresponse in the mixed phthalocyanine films

The structure, optical and conducting properties of thin vacuum deposited films of erbium bisphthalocyanine (Pc₂Er) and its mixtures with metal-free phthalocyanine (H₂Pc) have been studied with particular reference to the near infrared (NIR). It has been found that, in spite of intense optical absorbance over the UV/Vis/NIR domain, pure Pc₂Er films are weakly photoconductive. However, in the mixed Pc₂Er/H₂Pc films the photocurrent signal was detected in the NIR range of 1200–1500 nm, which is associated with optical activity of Pc₂Er molecules. An erratum to this article is available at .     

近红外光谱法快速测定毛竹Klason木质素的含量

研究了用近红外漫反射光谱法对毛竹Klason木质素含量的快速预测。选取了代表不同竹龄、不同高度和横向不同位置的54个竹材粉末样品,用常规实验室方法测定了54个样品的Klason木质素含量,用近红外光谱仪漫反射方式在350～2500 nm范围内采集相应样品的光谱,利用多变量统计分析软件建立样品木质素含量和光谱数据之间的相关性模型。结果表明,对原始光谱进行二阶导数预处理后,选择1 011～1675 nm和1930～2488 nm波长区间,用偏最小二乘法(PLS1)和完全交互验证方式建立了的校正模型和预测模型的相关系数分别为0.99,和0.97,校正标准误差SEC＝0.36％,预测标准误差SEP=0.59％,说明毛竹Klason木质素含量和近红外光谱之间存在非常好的相关性,用近红外光谱技术可以实现对竹材样品中Klason木质素含量的快速预测。     

应用多种近红外建模方法分析梨的坚实度

近红外光谱(near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)技术是一种快速、无损的仪器分析方法,在农产品品质检测方面引起了广泛的关注,在近红外光谱信息和品质指标之间建立一个稳健的模型是近红外光谱分析中十分重要且有一定难度的过程,常见的多元校正方法有偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、主成分回归(PCR)和逐步多元线性回归(SMLR)等,该研究中除了常用的线性方法外,还采用了一种结合非线性方法的组合算法[结合了SMLR和径向基神经网络(RBFN)]用于梨坚实度的近红外光谱检测。比较常用的线性建模方法,原始光谱的PLSR模型的得到了较好的结果：校正集相关系数r=0.87, 校正均方根误差RMSEC=3.88 N,预测集r=0.84, 预测均方根误差RMSEP=4.26 N;组合算法的建模结果比SMLR和PCR的结果好,但比PLSR的结果稍差：校正集r=0.85, RMSEC=4.15 N,预测集r=0.82, RMSEP=4.67 N。结果表明：NIRS可用于梨的坚实度检测,但是建模方法的选择值得进一步研究以提高预测的精度。     

多成分有机气体的近红外光谱定量检测方法

在环境检测领域,运用近红外光谱分析技术对多成分挥发性有机物进行连续的在线监测具有重要意义。本文分析了三种挥发性有机物——丙烷、丙烯和甲苯的近红外光谱特征和丙烯浓度与吸光度的线性关系,采用线性回归建模方法——偏最小二乘法对丙烷、丙烯和甲苯混合气体存在特征吸收的近红外光谱(1 620～1 750 nm)进行了建模分析,基于该模型预测了验证集样品中三种气体的含量,并对模型进行了评价。实验结果表明,近红外光谱技术可以方便、准确的定量分析有机性挥发气体的多组分含量,可以应用于多成分挥发性有机物的连续在线监测。     

Photoemission electron microscopy as a tool for the investigation of optical near fields

Photoemission electron microscopy was used to image the electrons photoemitted from specially tailored Ag nanoparticles deposited on a Si substrate (with its native oxide SiO(x)). Photoemission was induced by illumination with a Hg UV lamp (photon energy cutoff homega(UV) = 5.0 eV, wavelength lambda(UV) = 250 nm) and with a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser (homega(l) = 3.1 eV, lambda(l) = 400 nm, pulse width below 200 fs), respectively. While homogeneous photoelectron emission from the metal is observed upon illumination at energies above the silver plasmon frequency, at lower photon energies the emission is localized at tips of the structure. This is interpreted as a signature of the local electrical field therefore providing a tool to map the optical near field with the resolution of emission electron microscopy.     

Road condition analysis using NIR illumination and compensating for surrounding light

An investigation of a NIR camera system for road surface classification has been conducted for several road conditions. The surfaces were illuminated with three wavelengths, 980 nm, 1310 nm and 1550 nm and a halogen lamp, to simulate a real environment application with surrounding light. A measuring scheme to deal with surrounding light has been implemented enabling road condition classification from NIR images in a real environment. The retrieved camera images have been analyzed and an RGB representation of the different surfaces has been created to classify the different road conditions. The investigation shows that it is possible to distinguish between dry, moist, wet, frosty, icy and snowy road surfaces using a NIR camera system in a disturbed environment.     

掺杂的Bi4Ge3O12晶体的近红外发光性能

生长了Mg、Ca离子掺杂(提拉法)和Cl离子掺杂(坩埚下降法)的Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂(BGO)晶体,测试了晶体样品的吸收谱、光致发光谱和发光衰减时间等。这些掺杂的BGO晶体的可见光发光比纯BGO有所减弱,但在808 nm和980 nm激光二极管(LD)激发下出现了纯BGO几乎没有的近红外发光,归因于改变了能级的Bi离子或可能出现的低价态Bi离子。掺杂对近红外发光的影响跟掺杂离子价态有关,同价态的掺杂离子对近红外发光的影响相差不大。     

近红外光谱的玉米种子穗腐病特征提取与判别模型研究

玉米种子穗腐病是危害玉米产量的主要病害之一。利用近红外光谱开展了玉米种子穗腐病判别模型研究。246粒玉米种子由吉林省农业科学院海南育种基地提供,其中96粒玉米种子为穗腐病染病样本,其他150粒玉米种子为同种玉米正常样本。利用MATRIX-Ⅰ型傅里叶近红外光谱仪采集了样本800～2 500 nm范围的近红外光谱信息,并对样本近红外光谱数据利用多元散射校正（MSC）进行预处理。结合玉米内部有机物质的近红外光谱的敏感波段和样本近红外光谱吸收峰挑选了4个优选区间,并采用相关系数法(CA)、连续投影算法（SPA）和竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）三种不同原理的特征波长提取算法分别提取了4（1 362,1 760,2 143和2 311 nm）、5（1 227,1 310,1 382,1 450和1 728 nm）和10（1 232,1 233,1 257,1 279,1 313,1 688,1 703,1 705,2 302和2 323 nm）个特征波长。以提取得到的特征波长作为玉米种子穗腐病判别模型输入变量,用0-1（染病-正常）表示样本染病状况作为输出真实值建立支持向量机（SVM）模型,使用网格搜索法结合十折交叉验证法对模型参数进行优化。结果表明,CA-SVM,SPA-SVM和CARS-SVM三种判别模型中训练集和测试集建模准确率均在90%以上。该研究成果为玉米种子病害诊断装置提供了模型基础,且针对优选区间进行特征波长选择的方式也可以为建立其他种子病害判别模型提供参考。     

Ce3+和Yb3+共掺杂的Y3Al5O12 可见及量子剪裁近红外发光性质

室温下观察了YAG：Ce和YAG：Ce,Yb材料在可见以及近红外区域的发光特性,并通过对Ce³⁺的5d能级辐射跃迁寿命以及Yb³⁺的²F_5/2能级布居时间和辐射跃迁寿命的比较研究,提出了光诱导的电荷转移态以及电荷转移辐射跃迁的能量传递机制,同时借助于能级图描述了从Ce³⁺到Yb³⁺的量子剪裁近红外发光过程。