三角帆蚌贝壳粉与其珍珠粉的微结构及其光谱学特征

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及白度测试对三角帆蚌贝壳与其养殖的珍珠研磨粉进行了对比研究。结果表明:1珍珠粉的υ2谱带较于贝壳粉的该谱带存在约1~3cm-1的蓝移,两者文石中的υ1与υ4谱带具有较好的一致性;2 SEM观察下,粉体的颗粒粒径大小与形貌特征并不能作为贝壳粉与珍珠粉区分鉴别的依据。3随煅烧温度的升高,贝壳粉与珍珠粉的白度先下降后升高,珍珠粉白度降低的速率高于贝壳粉,且煅烧后珍珠粉的白度最低值低于煅烧贝壳粉的白度最低值。     

高温X射线衍射法鉴别珍珠粉及贝壳粉

用高温X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了珍珠粉及贝壳粉中碳酸钙的相变过程。结果表明:随着试验温度的升高,上述2种样品均发生文石型向方解石型的相变,但相变程序不同;当温度从室温升至330℃,贝壳粉中方解石的质量分数由0.5%增至25.5%,而珍珠粉中方解石的质量分数则由5.0%增至8.1%。根据测定温度条件试验并综合考虑其它因素选择测定温度为330℃。试验了珍珠粉和贝壳粉混合样品中碳酸钙的上述2种晶体的相变情况,结果发现:样品中方解石的含量与其混入的贝壳粉含量呈线性关系,表明两者的混合并不影响其相变机制。在相同试验温度条件下,珍珠粉的相变程度明显低于贝壳粉。利用这一现象,可以用高温XRD快速而准确地对珍珠粉和贝壳粉进行鉴别。     

市售廉价珍珠粉的探究分析报告

1问题的提出2010年9月19日,央视《每周质量报告》再次揭露行业潜规则:使用贝壳粉冒充珍珠粉在珍珠产地已经是公开的秘密。我们走访了很多商店和超市,发现有很多廉价的珍珠粉售卖,价格都在每包(250g)10元以下,还有不少是5元以下的。我们对这些廉价珍珠粉的质量表示怀疑,通过掌握的化     

贝壳粉对铅(Ⅱ)吸附性能的研究

制备了不同粒径的贝壳粉,并将此材料作为铅(Ⅱ)的吸附剂,研究贝壳粉的的吸附性能。结果表明:介质pH为7.0时,铅(Ⅱ)的吸附容量随贝壳粉的粒径减小和温度的升高而增大。     

三角帆蚌贝壳粉及其珍珠粉中文石的傅里叶红外光谱研究

生物成因文石与无机成因文石的红外特征峰的差异表现为文石的υ2(面外弯曲振动)谱带具有明显的频率蓝移特征[1-2],该现象归因于有机大分子对生物无机矿化过程的调控作用[3]。但对于同为生物成因的文石,在不同的软体动物双壳纲的贝壳不同壳层中,由于相应的文石质壳层的形成时间与形成条件存在差异,也将导致其红外光谱特征吸收峰的位置出现特异性[4-5]。     

酶解速溶珍珠粉的制备和研究

介绍了以珍珠为原料，用酶解方法制得速溶珍珠粉的生产工艺，并对其营养成分、安全性进行了研究。     

粉苞苣挥发油化学成分的GC-MS测定分析

利用气相色谱 质谱联用技术对粉苞苣的挥发油成分进行分析测定.从这种植物挥发油的45个峰中鉴定出27个化合物,所鉴定的组分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的77.25%.     

·CO3–在基于太阳光驱动的TiO2-贝壳粉降解盐酸四环素中的作用:降解机理和转化路径(英文)

抗生素的滥用和不当排放对水陆生生态系统造成了严重威胁,在世界各地水环境污染物调研中普遍检测到盐酸四环素的存在.如何解决水体中高稳定、难降解的盐酸四环素污染问题是当前环境领域重点研究的课题之一.在各种去除方法中,利用光化学反应生成活性氧物种如·CO₃^–,·OH,·O₂^–,·SO4–和1O₂等实现对有机污染物的降解在众多研究方法中脱颖而出.·CO₃^–在水体中具有较高的稳态浓度且其对有机物降解具有高选择性.CO₃^2–或HCO₃^–与活性物种如·OH, h+,·O₂^–,·SO4–等反应可以生成·CO₃^–.传统的半导体光催化剂TiO₂在光照下会产生·OH,·O₂^–及h⁺等活性物种,能有效...     

灵芝多糖的结构特征分析

采用沸水回流法从灵芝子实体中提取多糖,经Sevage法除蛋白,乙醇沉淀,离心、透析、膜分离,浓缩、冻干后得灵芝多糖。经HIO4氧化、Smith降解及甲基化反应,并利用多糖及刚果红混合液在碱性溶液中的波长的红移变化,通过UV-VIS,IR,GC,GC-MS,NMR对灵芝水提多糖的结构特征及三螺旋体结构进行分析研究。结果表明:灵芝多糖含有三螺旋体构型,GC-MS分析灵芝多糖的主要单糖组分为葡萄糖,还有少量的半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖和艾杜糖,IR及1HNMR分析多糖为β-构型,HIO4氧化、Smith降解和甲基化分析表明:多糖主要为(1→3)糖苷键连接构型,并伴有少量的1→6位支链键连接的结构,灵芝多糖是由D-葡萄糖单元通过β-(1→3)糖苷键连接葡聚多糖,其主要构型特征为(1→3)β-D-线性连接的骨架结构。     

芦荟的化学成分及其分离和分析

本文从芦荟的化学成分及其分离，提纯和分析等方面对其作综合评述，以期芦荟能得到深入的研究及更广泛的应用。     

Effect of isopropyl alcohol on the granulometric and chemical composition of ultradispersed copper-containing powders

Possibility of obtaining nanodispersed copper-containing powders by electrochemical cathodic deposition from aqueous and water-isopropanol solutions of copper dichloride was examined.     

Preparation,structure, and charge transport characteristics of BIFEVOX ultrafine powders

Existence boundaries, structure, and transport parameters of ultrafine powders were studied in Bi₄V_{2 ? x} Fe _x O_{11 ? x} (BIFEVOX) solid solutions. The details of synthesis of the solid solutions via liquid precursors are analyzed comparatively. In general, BIFEVOX formation via liquid precursors is similar to phase formation in solid-phase synthesis. With low iron levels (x = 0.05–0.1), solid solutions are formed in the monoclinic α phase (space group C2/m) The compositions with x = 0.125 and 0.15 are mixtures of α- and β phases. In the range 0.2 < x < 0.7, the Bi₄V_{2 ? x} Fe _x O_{11 ? x} solid solution has the structure of the γ phase of Bi₄V₂O₁₁ (space group I4/mmm). The β phase in the system in question has a very narrow existence range in the vicinity of x = 0.175. The average particle sizes of the powders prepared by various methods are within 0.5–3 μm. In the powders prepared via liquid precursors, however, the distribution peak shifts toward smaller sizes, to 0.3–1 μm. Mechanical activation conserves the structure of the γ phase of BIFEVOX, and unit cell parameters change only insignificantly; however, the crystal lattice is slightly distorted. The electrical conductivity of BIFEVOX was studied as a function of temperature, preparation technology, and composition using impedance spectroscopy. Equivalent circuits of cells were analyzed. The conductivity of samples prepared by solution technology is always higher than for samples prepared by the solid-phase process. Features of electrical conductivity versus temperature for various phases are noted. All transitions on the conductivity curves match the features of linear thermal expansion curves. Compositions with doping levels x= 0.1–0.3 have the highest total conductivities.     

不同种类生物油化学组成结构的对比研究

利用气质联用和核磁共振光谱对不同种类生物油的化学组成结构进行了对比分析.气质联用分析表明,由于不同种类生物质原料化学组成的差异,导致不同种类生物油主要类别物质含量存在较大差别,有机酸含量较高的是蔗渣热解油,醛酮类物质含量较高的是蔗渣和稻草热解油,芳香类物质含量较高的是玉米芯和松木热解油,而脱水糖含量较高的是稻草和松木热...     

Preparation and reflow soldering characteristics of solder paste containing submicron Sn powders synthesised via chemical reduction

Sn nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised via chemical reduction. Trisodium citrate dihydrate and mixtures of trisodium citrate dihydrate and 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate were used as capping agents for the synthesis. When a specific amount of trisodium citrate dihydrate (3.4 × 10^?1 mM) was solely added, very fine particle sizes and excellent suppression of aggregation were achieved in the dried samples. When 5 mM of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate was used in combination with trisodium citrate dihydrate (at the optimum concentration of 3.4 × 10^?2 mM), the particle refining and the suppression of aggregation were further improved. The nano-solder paste prepared by mixing the synthesised Sn NPs with a commercial flux exhibited stable reflow soldering characteristics. The formation of an intermetallic layer, similar to that observed when commercial solder pastes containing micron-sized powders were used, was seen when soldering was carried out with the solder paste containing the synthesised Sn NPs.     

Influence of pH of solution on phase composition of samarium-strontium cobaltite powders synthesized by wet chemical technique

Powders of Sm_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3-δ and La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3-δ were synthesized using wet chemical technique. Structural and surface properties of synthesized materials were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of pH on the phase state, chemical composition, morphology, and fractal dimension of the synthesized powders were investigated. It was found that the change of pH has the influence on phase composition of synthesized powders. The increase of solution pH allows one to obtain homogeneous samples at lower temperatures down to 900–950?°C.

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A topography/chemical composition gradient polystyrene surface: toward the investigation of the relationship between surface wettability and surface structure and chemical composition

In this paper, we have prepared of a topography/chemical composition gradient polystyrene (PS) surface, i.e., an orthogonal gradient surface, to investigate the relationship between surface wettability and surface structure and chemical composition. The prepared surface shows a one-dimensional gradient in wettability in the x, y, and diagonal directions, including hydrophobic to hydrophilic, superhydrophobic to hydrophobic, superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic gradients, and so forth. These one-dimensional gradients have different gradient values, gradient range, and contact angle hysteresis, which lie on both the surface roughness and the surface compositions. From the trend of variation of contact angle hysteresis, it can be concluded that the transition from the Cassie's model to the Wenzel's model occurs both by decreasing surface roughness and by increasing surface hydrophilic compositions. Moreover, the transition is more effective via changing surface chemical composition than changing surface roughness herein.     

Effect of heat treatment on the properties and structure of TiO2 nanotubes: phase composition and chemical composition

Titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanotubes prepared by electrolytic anodisation of a titanium electrode have been systematically heat treated to control the conversion of the as‐prepared amorphous structure to nanocrystalline anatase and rutile. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the temperature of calcination is critical in determining the structure and crystallinity of the titania. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis shows the as‐prepared film to consist mainly of oxide, although a small amount of fluoride contamination remains from the electrolyte. Organic components from post‐anodising cleaning treatments were also present. Fluorine ions are gradually ejected from the anodic layer during annealing and the fluorine concentration is negligible in samples that are heat treated above 400 °C. Choosing the appropriate annealing temperature allows the structure to be made up of defined proportions of anatase and rutile with a reduced contamination of species from the electrolyte or organic solvents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical composition of ground pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) cysts

Ground pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) is a crop pest in Colombia, with special impact on fig, grass, rubus and tomato plants. The insect is resistant to external insecticide application because it produces a thick waxy shell that isolates it from the environment. The composition of this shell was determined by NMR and MS as a triglyceride, whose fatty acid is transformed into other products with the metamorphosis of the insect. Additionally, several enzymatic inhibitors were assayed to control the insect with negative results.     

Analysis of the phase composition and homogeneity of ferrite lithium-substituted powders by the thermomagnetometry method

In the present work, the possibilities of application of the thermomagnetometry TG(M)/DTG(M) method for estimation of the phase homogeneity of end products of synthesis at different stages of ferritizing annealing are considered on the example of solid-state synthesis of Li_0.5(1?x)Fe_2.5?0.5xZn_xO₄ and Li_0.5(1 + x)Fe_2.5?1.5xTi_xO₄ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) lithium-substituted ferrospinels. Results of thermomagnetometric analysis are compared with XRD data. It is shown that the resolution of the TG(M)/DTG(M) method on two orders exceeds capabilities of the traditional XRD method. Considerable influence of both intermediate grinding and mixing of samples and concentration of an inducted impurity on the homogeneity of the synthesized powders is confirmed.