Triacylglycerols of oiticica oil

The composition of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of oiticica oil has been studied by enzymatic hydrolysis with pancreatic lipase. It has been established that the majority of TAGs of the 96 types present have a mixed character. The four main types make up 60% of the total TAGs and the remainder consist of minor components. A high content of TAGs with octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acids (including licanic) in the extreme positions has been detected.DeceasedKalinin Polytechnic Institute. Moscow Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Fats. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 316–319, May–June, 1980.     

Composition and structure of the triacylglycerols ofHippophaë rhamnoides seeds

The composition and structure of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the seeds of ripe fruit of the sea buckthorn of the Dar Katuni, Maslichnaya, and Shcherbinka-1 varieties have been investigated with the aid of lipase hydrolysis. The amounts of fatty acid (FA) residues in the 2-positions of the TAGs, the concentrations of the FAs in the 1,3-positions, the position-type and position-species compositions of the TAGs, and also the values of the enrichment factors (EFs) and inclusion-selectivity factors (SFs) of the unsaturated FAs in the positions of the TAGs were determined. As in the seeds of the majority of other plants, in the sea buckthorn it is mainly the unsaturated FAs that are concentrated in the 2-positions of the TAGs (mol. %): linoleic (L, 47–49.6); linolenic (Le, 32.4–36.9), and oleic (0, 12.8–18.5). The EF and SF values for the O, L, and Le acids in the TAGs of the Dar Katuni variety were, respectively, 1.11, 1.21, and 0.97, and 1.00, 1.10, and 0.88. In contrast to the TAGs of the flesh of sea buckthorn fruit, palmitoleic acid is a minor component of the TAGs of the seeds (0.6–0.9 mol.%). Among the types of TAGs, trisaturated (72.4–76.2) and monosaturated-diunsaturated (22.1–25.3) predominate. According to calculation, the seeds may contain from 57 (Maslichnaya) to 98 (Shcherbinika-1) position-species of TAGs with concentrations >0.01 mol.%. The predominating species among them are LLLe (11.5–14.1), LLeLe (7.8–10.5), LeLLe (5.5–7.2), and LLL (6.0–6.9). The composition and structure of the TAGs of the seeds have also been reliably established with the aid of a mathematical method based on Litchfield's empirical formulas for determining the amounts of FAs in the 2-positions of TAGs.Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, and Gor'ki Agricultural Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January–February, 1987.     

Position-species composition of the triacylglycerols of yeast microorganisms

The molecular-species and olefinic composition of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of five strains of yeast have been investigated. The predominance of a particular molecular species of TAGs in the triglyceride compositions of the strains investigated depends not only on the genus but also on the species of each particular strain. The olefinic composition of the yeast TAGs is represented mainly by TAGs with 1, 2, 3, and 4 double bonds in the molecule.Moscow Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 28–32, January–February, 1986.     

Triacylglycerols of fractionated cottonseed oil

The fatty-acid and triacylglycerol compositions of forepressing cottonseed oil and the refined and standard oils, and also of the palmitin fraction have been studied. It has been shown that the scheme of fractionation adopted does not give a clear separation of cottonseed oil into salad oil and palmitin. It has been found that typical compositions of the diunsaturated-monosaturated TAGs of the forepressing and refined and salad oils are practically the same, while the amount of diun-saturated-monosaturated TAGs in the palmitin fraction is far higher than in the others.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. SredazNIPKIPishcheprom [Central Asian Scientific-Research, Design, and Construction Institute of the Food Industry], Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 161–163, March–April, 1981.     

Triacylglycerols of the seeds and fruit flesh ofMandragora turcomanica

The triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the seeds and fruit flesh ofManagora turcomanica have been investigated for the first time using the methods of mass spectrometry and enzymolysis. It has been found that in the TAGs of the seeds the 182 acids undergo specific esterification in the sn-2 position, while in the TAGs of the flesh this position is acylated by 181 and 182 acids. For both parts of the fruit the main TAG species is sn-1(3)-oleoyldilinoleate, and the main types are represented by triunsaturated and monounsaturated-diunsaturated glycerides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 322–326, May–June, 1999.     

Structure and composition of the triacyl-glycerols of the tuberous roots ofMandragora turcomanica

Using the methods of mass spectrometry and enzymolysis with pancreatic lipase, the structure and positionspecies compositioin of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the tuberous roots ofMandragora turcomanica Mizger (fam. Solanaceae) have been determined for the first time. The TAGs include 42 possible species, among which the main ones are triunsaturated and unsymmetrical diunsaturated molecules with oleic acid in the sn-2 and linoleic acid in the sn-1(3) positions of the glycerol molecule.The materials of this paper were presented at the IInd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds (SCNC, Turkey, Eskiehir, October 22–24, 1996).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No 4, pp. 573–577, July–August, 1997.     

Kinetics of the hydrolysis of woody-fibrous mass

The possibility has been shown of obtaining fodder additives by the hydrolysis of woody-fibrous mass with dilute sulfuric acid solutions. The kinetics of hydrolysis have been studied, a calculation has been made of the effective rate constants of hydrolysis of the polysaccharide part of the woody-fibrous mass, and the range of variation of the effective activation energy of the process has been determined.Deceased.Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Cellulose and Board, Bratsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 687–690, September–October, 1990.     

Kinetics of the hydrolysis of mixed cellulose derivatives

By acetylating weakly substituted Na and H carboxymethylcelluloses and methylcellulose we have synthesized acetone-soluble highly substituted mixed derivatives of cellulose — acetocarboxymethylcellulose and acetomethylcellulose. Water-soluble products have been obtained from these esters by subsequent deep hydrolysis. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the acetyl groups in the mixed derivatives obtained have been studied. Rate constants of the hydrolysis reactions have been calculated. The influence of the substituted groups on the acetylation and hydrolysis reactions has been determined.Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 102–106, January–February, 1997.     

Functional composition and IR spectra of cottonseed husk hydrolysis lignin and its derivatives

The functional compositions of cottonseed husk hydrolysis lignin and its derivatives have been determined and their IR spectra have been studied. A possible formation of stronger hydrogen bonds in derivatives of hydrolysis lignin has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 392–397, May–June, 1999.     

Primary structure of stellin B

Stellin B, a protamine fromAcipenser stellatus, has been subjected to thermolysin hydrolysis. Eight peptides have been isolated by chromatography on CM-Sephadex, and their structures have been determined by dansylation and by hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases A and B and with trypsin. From the results obtained, the complete amino acid sequence of stellin B has been established.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 700–704, September–October, 1979.     

An investigation of the structure of the phospholipids of the cotton plant of variety Tashkent-2

Summary 1. The fatty-acid compositions of the total phospholipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety Tashkent-2, after the elimination of carbohydrates, and of their main components have been studied.2. It has been found that at 37–38°C the time of enzymatic hydrolysis is considerably shortened.3. A study of the products of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis has shown the structure of the individual phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 145–148, March–April, 1976.     

Structure of the xylan from the stems of the cotton plant

Summary 1. The structure of the aldobiuronic acid isolated from the xylan of cotton-plant stems has been established by its reduction and the hydrolysis of the reduced product.2. From a study of the products of the hydrolysis of the methylated xylan from cotton-plant stems the positions of attachment of the side chains in the molecule of the xylan and their structure have been determined, and a most probable structure for the xylan molecule has been put forward.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 432–435, July–August, 1974.     

Influence of additions of anthraquinone on the alkaline hydrolysis of cotton-plant lignin

The action of catalytic amounts of anthraquinone on the alkaline hydrolysis of the stems and dioxane lignin of the cotton plant of the ssp.mexicanium has been investigated. It has been established that this leads to a substantial increase in the yield of low-molecular-weight hydrolysis products. Analysis of the monomeric fractions of the hydrolysis products by the GLC method has shown the presence in them of large amounts of substances with a p-coumaryl structure. This, and also the low level of syringyl derivatives, may be caused by the demethoxylation of the lignin under the conditions described.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 391–395, May–June, 1985.     

Inhibiting properties of lignin

Inhibitory efficacy has been determined by the method of the weight losses of steel in acid with native lignin, hydrolysis lignin, ammoniated native lignin, chlorinated hydrolysis lignin, and ammoniated hydrolysis lignin, and without these additives. It has been established that the efficacy of lignin and its modifications as inhibitors of acid corrosion increases with a rise in the number of carboxy groups in the macromolecule, and therefore the ammoniated hydrolysis lignin is the most effective.Central Scientific-Research and Planning Technological Institute for the Mechanization and Electrification of Animal Husbandry of the Southern Zone of the USSR. Zaporozh'e Astrakhan Technical Institute of the Fisheries Industry and Economy, Astrakhan'. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 378–380, May–June, 1983.     

Kinetic features of the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses of sunflower seed husks

A kinetic analysis has been made of the hydrolysis reactions of sunflower seed husks. The presence of six kinetically homogeneous fractions in the hemicellulose complex has been shown. The kinetic characteristics and the amounts of each fraction have been determined.St. Petersburg Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedeninii, No. 1, pp. 136–141, January–February, 1993.     

Chemical transformations of ajanolide A

The new sesquiterpene lactone ajanolide A has been subjected to hydrolysis and epoxidation. The structures of the derivatives obtained have been established by x-ray structural analysis.pr. Akad. Lavrent'eva, 9. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–75, January–February, 1999.     

Refinement of the structure of asperumine

Summary 1. Asperumine has been isolated from the combined alkaloids ofSymphytum caucasicum.2. The hydrolysis and hydrogenolysis of asperumine has given heliotridine, acetone, and angelic and asperuminic acids.3. The structure of asperumine has been refined on the basis of the products of hydrolysis and hydrogenolysis and also of features of the mass and NMR spectra.4. It has been established that asperumine is an isomer of heliosupine in the 2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylpentane-3-carboxylic acid moiety.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 478–480, July–August, 1974.     

Alkaloids of Stephania hernandifolia VIII. Methylhernandine

Summary A new hasubanan alkaloid with the composition C₂₀H₂₇O₆N, mp 152–153°C (ether-methanol) has been isolated from the herbStephania hernandifolia and has been called methylhernandine. The alkaloid has been shown to be identical with the methylamino alcohol obtained in the hydrolysis of hernandifoline.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 455–457, July–August.     

Kinetics of hydrolysis of some new heterocyclic azomethines

Kinetics of base hydrolysis of new heterocyclic azomethines derived from active methyl quaternary salts and aromatic nitroso compounds were investigated in the presence of 70% (wt/wt) water-methanol. The base hydrolysis of these compounds is strictly first-order with respect to OH^– and azomethine. The rate determining step is suggested to be the attack of the hydroxide ion on the free base. Effects of water content and nature of organic hydroxylic solvent have been studied. It is concluded that specific solute-solvent interactions through dispersion forces play a major role in the base hydrolysis rate of the azomethines investigated. The effect of pH (2.98 – 12.24) on hydrolysis rates of compounds having a diethylamino substituent in the presence of 30% methanol has been studied. In acidic media, the rate determining step is probably the water attack on the protonated substrate.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VII. The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 from the culture liquid

Summary The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 that causes the characteristic symptoms of wilt in tests on cotton-plant shoots in a concentration of 100–150 µg/ml, has been isolated from the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb.On the basis of qualitative reaction, spectral characteristics, and a study of hydrolysis products, PKZh-1 has been assigned to the peptide group. A red substance identified as 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone has been isolated from an acid hydrolyzate of PKZh-1.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–693, September–October, 1977.