Free Bosonic Vertex Operator Algebras on Genus Two Riemann Surfaces I

We define the partition and n-point functions for a vertex operator algebra on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing two tori together. We obtain closed formulas for the genus two partition function for the Heisenberg free bosonic string and for any pair of simple Heisenberg modules. We prove that the partition function is holomorphic in the sewing parameters on a given suitable domain and describe its modular properties for the Heisenberg and lattice vertex operator algebras and a continuous orbifolding of the rank two fermion vertex operator super algebra. We compute the genus two Heisenberg vector n-point function and show that the Virasoro vector one point function satisfies a genus two Ward identity for these theories.     

Perturbative solution of the schwinger model

One interesting question for the exactly solvable Schwinger model is how to infer the exact solution from perturbation theory. We give a systematic procedure of deriving the exact solution from Feynman diagrams of arbitrary order for arbitraryn-point functions. As a byproduct, we derive from perturbation theory exact integral equations that then-point functions have to obey. This work was supported by a research stipendium of the University of Vienna.     

Quantum algebra structure of certain Jackson integrals

Theq-difference system satisfied by Jackson integrals with a configuration ofA-type root system is studied. We explicitly construct some linear combination of Jackson integrals, which satisfies the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation for the 2-point correlation function ofq-vertex operators, introduced by Frenkel and Reshetikhin, for the quantum affine algebra . The expression of integrands for then-point case is conjectured, and a set of linear relations for the corresponding Jackson integrals is proved.     

Index summation in real time statistical field theory

We have written a Mathematica program that calculates the integrand corresponding to any amplitude in the closed-time-path formulation of real time statistical field theory. The program is designed so that it can be used by someone with no previous experience with Mathematica. It performs the contractions over the tensor indices that appear in real time statistical field theory and gives the result in the 1-2, Keldysh or RA basis. The program treats all fields as scalars, but the result can be applied to theories with dirac and lorentz structure by making simple adjustments. As an example, we have used the program to calculate the ward identity for the QED 3-point function, the QED 4-point function for two photons and two fermions, and the QED 5-point function for three photons and two fermions. In real time statistical field theory, there are seven 3-point functions, 15 4-point functions and 31 5-point functions. We produce a table that gives the results for all of these functions. In addition, we give a simple general expression for the KMS conditions between n-point green functions and vertex functions, in both the Keldysh and RA bases. PACS 11.10.Wx; 11.15.-q     

Analyticity properties and many-particle structure in general quantum field theory

In the framework of L.S.Z. field theory in the case of a single massive scalar field, the two-particle irreducible parts of then-point functions (in any single channel and for arbitraryn) are defined as the solutions of a system of integral equations suggested by the perturbative framework. These solutions enjoy the analytic and algebraic properties of generaln-point functions (up to possible polar singularities of generalized C.D.D. type). Morever it is shown that the completeness of asymptotic states in the two-particle spectral region is equivalent to the analyticity of the two-particle irreduciblen-point functions in the corresponding regions of complex momentum space.     

Connections withL P bounds on curvature

We show by means of the implicit function theorem that Coulomb gauges exist for fields over a ball inR ⁿ when the integralL ^n/2 field norm is sufficiently small. We then are able to prove a weak compactness theorem for fields on compact manifolds withL ^p integral norms bounded,p>n/2.     

Correlation Functions for MN/SN Orbifolds

We develop a method for computing correlation functions of twist operators in the bosonic 2-d CFT arising from orbifolds M ^N /S _N , where M is an arbitrary manifold. The path integral with twist operators is replaced by a path integral on a covering space with no operator insertions. Thus, even though the CFT is defined on the sphere, the correlators are expressed in terms of partition functions on Riemann surfaces with a finite range of genus g. For large N, this genus expansion coincides with a 1/N expansion. The contribution from the covering space of genus zero is “universal” in the sense that it depends only on the central charge of the CFT. For 3-point functions we give an explicit form for the contribution from the sphere, and for the 4-point function we do an example which has genus zero and genus one contributions. The condition for the genus zero contribution to the 3-point functions to be non-vanishing is similar to the fusion rules for an SU(2) WZW model. We observe that the 3-point coupling becomes small compared to its large N limit when the orders of the twist operators become comparable to the square root of N – this is a manifestation of the stringy exclusion principle. Received: 20 July 2000 / Accepted: 17 December 2000     

Quantum cosmology inR 1×S 1×S n space time

Classical and quantum cosmological aspects for (n + 2) dimensional anisotropic spherically symmetric space-time with topology of (n + 1) spaceS ¹×S ⁿ have been studied. The Lorentzian field equations are reduced to an autonomous system by a change of field variables and are discussed near the critical points. The path integral expression for propagation amplitude is converted to a single ordinary integration over the lapse function by the usual technique and is evaluated in terms of Bessel functions.     

The random-walk representation of classical spin systems and correlation inequalities

We use the random-walk representation to prove the first few of a new family of correlation inequalities for ferromagnetic ?⁴ lattice models. These inequalities state that the finite partial sums of the propagator-resummed perturbation expansion for the 4-point function form an alternating set of rigorous upper and lower bounds for the exact 4-point function. Generalizations to 2n-point functions are also given. A simple construction of the continuum ? _d ⁴ quantum field theory (d<4), based on these inequalities, is described in a companion paper.     

Replica variables,loop expansion,and spectral rigidity of random-matrix ensembles

The replica trick of statistical mechanics is used to derive integral representations of n-point Green's functions both for the GOE and the EGOE. These integral representations are particularly suited for perturbative evaluation (loop expansion). Using the one-loop correction to the GOE one-point function, it is found that the density of states at the edge of the semicircle scales is $\text{～N}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{?}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{δ}\text{)}$ where N is the dimension of the matrix ensemble. For the n-point functions with n ≥ 2, the existence of the microscopic limit to all orders in N^?1 is proved by decomposing the integration variables into massive (i.e., macroscopic) and massless (microscopic) components. Evaluation of the EGOE two-point function to leading order in the inverse local distance variable yields the first analytic evidence that the long-range correlations of EGOE spectra are similar to the GOE but not-stationary.     

Genus Two Partition and Correlation Functions for Fermionic Vertex Operator Superalgebras I

We define the partition and n-point correlation functions for a vertex operator superalgebra on a genus two Riemann surface formed by sewing two tori together. For the free fermion vertex operator superalgebra we obtain a closed formula for the genus two continuous orbifold partition function in terms of an infinite dimensional determinant with entries arising from torus Szegő kernels. We prove that the partition function is holomorphic in the sewing parameters on a given suitable domain and describe its modular properties. Using the bosonized formalism, a new genus two Jacobi product identity is described for the Riemann theta series. We compute and discuss the modular properties of the generating function for all n-point functions in terms of a genus two Szegő kernel determinant. We also show that the Virasoro vector one point function satisfies a genus two Ward identity.     

Brownian-motion ensembles of random matrix theory: A classification scheme and an integral transform method

We study a class of Brownian-motion ensembles obtained from the general theory of Markovian stochastic processes in random-matrix theory. The ensembles admit a complete classification scheme based on a recent multivariable generalization of classical orthogonal polynomials and are closely related to Hamiltonians of Calogero–Sutherland-type quantum systems. An integral transform is proposed to evaluate the n-point correlation function for a large class of initial distribution functions. Applications of the classification scheme and of the integral transform to concrete physical systems are presented in detail.     

Scaling in quantum gravity

The 2-point function is the natural object in quantum gravity for extracting critical behavior: The exponential falloff of the 2-point function with geodesic distance determines the fractal dimension d_H of space-time. The integral of the 2-point function determines the entropy exponent γ, i.e. the fractal structure related to baby universes, while the short distance behavior of the 2-point function connects γ and d_H by a quantum gravity version of Fisher's scaling relation. We verify this behavior in the case of 2d gravity by explicit calculation.     

Linking numbers,contacts, and mutual inductances of a random set of closed curves

We establish here a new, general result of integral geometry, concerning closed rigid curves of arbitrary shapes inE ³ and their linking numbersI. It generalizes by a different method, the interesting integral property ofI ² found recently by Pohl and extended by des Cloizeaux and Ball, for two curves. We considern closed curves linked successively to each other and forming a ring. The cyclic product of their linking numbers is integrated over the group of rigid motions of the curves. This integral is shown to factorize over a special algebra of characteristic functions. Each curve possesses two such intrinsic functions. The same algebra is shown to describe a larger class of integral geometry properties: a new theorem is established for a family of displacement integrals involving linking numbers, contact angles, and mutual inductances of the set ofn curves.     

Upon the utility of spherical harmonic expansions in the evaluation of cluster integrals

A novel procedure for the analytic evaluation of cluster integrals is given. By means of a result of Silverstone and Moats which transforms the spherical harmonic expansion of a function around a given point into a new spherical harmonic expansion around a displaced point, a 3N-dimensional cluster integral forN point particles (N > 2) may be reduced to 2N+1 trivial integrals andN– 1 interesting integrals, an improvement over the usual reduction to six trivial integrals and3N–6 nontrivial integrals. For hard spheres, theN–1 integrals involve only a series of simple polynomials taken between linear algebraic bounds.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE79-20389.     

Braided Quantum Field Theory

We develop a general framework for quantum field theory on noncommutative spaces, i.e., spaces with quantum group symmetry. We use the path integral approach to obtain expressions for n-point functions. Perturbation theory leads us to generalised Feynman diagrams which are braided, i.e., they have non-trivial over- and under-crossings. We demonstrate the power of our approach by applying it to φ⁴-theory on the quantum 2-sphere. We find that the basic divergent diagram of the theory is regularised. Received: 3 July 1999 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

Torus n-Poi nt Fu nctio ns for $${\mathbb{R}}$$ -graded Vertex Operator Superalgebras a nd Co nti nuous Fermio n Orbifolds

We consider genus one n-point functions for a vertex operator superalgebra with a real grading. We compute all n-point functions for rank one and rank two fermion vertex operator superalgebras. In the rank two fermion case, we obtain all orbifold n-point functions for a twisted module associated with a continuous automorphism generated by a Heisenberg bosonic state. The modular properties of these orbifold n-point functions are given and we describe a generalization of Fay’s trisecant identity for elliptic functions. Partial support provided by NSF, NSA and the Committee on Research, University of California, Santa Cruz. Supported by a Science Foundation Ireland Frontiers of Research Grant, and by Max-Planck Institut für Mathematik, Bonn.     

Operator products in 2-dimensional critical theories

A noteworthy feature of certain conformally invariant 2-dimensional theories, such as the Ising and 3-state Potts models at the critical point, is the existence of “degenerate primary fields” associated with nullvectors of the Virasoro algebra. Such fields are endowed with a remarkably simple multiplication table under the operator product expansion, known as the fusion rules. In addition, correlation functions made up of these fields satisfy a system of linear homogeneous partial differential equations. We show here that these two properties are intimately related: for any n-point function, the number of conformally invariant solutions to the system of equations equals the number of times that the identity operator appears in the fusion of all n fields in the correlator. This theorem permits the calculation of some apparently intractable correlation functions. Finally, we generalize these ideas to the Neveu-Schwarz sector of superconformal theories.     

Born–Infeld Action on Discrete Spaces

We apply Connes' noncommutative geometry to a finite n-point space. The explicit Born-Infeld actions on this n-point space and n copies of a manifold are obtained.     

Multi-Scaling of the n-Point Density Function for Coalescing Brownian Motions

This paper gives a derivation for the large time asymptotics of the n-point density function of a system of coalescing Brownian motions on R.