微纳结构柔性压力传感器的制备及应用

柔性压力传感器是一种能够感知或监测外界压力变化的柔性电子器件,具备灵敏度高、形变灵活、制备工艺简单等特点,在可穿戴式电子产品、健康医疗、软体机器人、人机交互等新兴领域具有广泛而重要的应用。灵敏度、检测极限、响应时间与循环工作稳定性是柔性压力传感的核心性能指标,微纳结构的引入对提高柔性压力传感器综合性能具有重要作用。本文根据微纳结构的主要类型介绍了基于微纳结构的柔性压力传感器的最新研究进展,包括各种不同形貌微纳结构对柔性压力传感器性能的影响及其在柔性压力传感器中的应用,并对柔性压力传感器未来的发展提出展望。     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展

可穿戴柔性传感器是一种紧密附着在人体的皮肤或组织上,可实时收集、分析人体生理参数的设备,在医疗保健、诊断治疗等领域具有重要的应用价值,近年来引起极大关注。聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不仅化学性质稳定、热稳定性强、透明性和生物相容性好,还可通过表面改性和整体特性定制以实现不同功能,这使得PDMS成为了可穿戴柔性传感器基底材料的最佳选择。本文综述了近年来基于PDMS的可穿戴柔性传感器的研究进展,对导电修饰材料、传感器的工作原理和性能比较等方面进行了回顾和总结,重点对比了不同导电修饰层材料的性能参数与优缺点,介绍了光敏传感器、温度传感器、应变传感器、压力传感器和生化传感器,最后对可穿戴传感器的研究和应用中存在的挑战进行了分析,对其发展方向进行了展望。     

石墨烯基人工智能柔性传感器

皮肤是人体最大的器官,能够感知和应对复杂的环境刺激。以石墨烯作为核心部件制备的柔性传感器具有很强的刺激感知能力,可以模拟人体皮肤的柔韧性和拉伸性,是目前最具商业化潜力的可穿戴传感技术。本文首先介绍了传感器的压阻式、电容式、压电式、晶体管式等不同工作机制和评价其性能的如灵敏度、检测范围、响应速度等参数,总结了石墨烯的优点和制备方法。结合本课题组在石墨烯复合聚苯胺、银纳米粒子、碳纳米管和量子点等构建多功能石墨烯基柔性传感器的研究基础,从检测对象的种类出发,重点阐述了石墨烯基柔性传感器在检测压力、应变、温度、湿度、化学分子、生物分子和气体等单一目标物的性能以及石墨烯基多功能柔性传感器的应用。最后,对石墨烯基柔性传感器的未来发展方向做了展望。     

MXene的制备及应用进展

近年来,随着可穿戴电子产品的飞速发展,柔性传感器也受到越来越多的关注。二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXene)因其具有良好的机械性能、优异的导电性和亲水性等优点,在电磁屏蔽、生物医药、能量转化与储存、传感器等领域都有广泛的应用。本综述首先对MXene的结构特点、制备方法以及其在多个领域的应用进行简介。进一步,重点围绕MXene在柔性压力/应变传感器、柔性温度传感器、柔性湿度传感器、柔性气体传感器等方面的研究,重点总结了MXene在柔性传感器领域的应用进展,最后,预测MXene基柔性传感器在未来会有更大的发展潜力。     

电喷印刷柔性传感器

柔性传感器因其在弯折、扭曲、拉伸等大变形条件下具有稳定的传感性能,所以在软体机器人、可穿戴电子和生物医疗等领域具有潜在的应用前景,受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。与传统光刻技术相比,印刷技术制造作为增材制造,具有绿色、低成本和可大面积制造的优势,被广泛应用于柔性电子器件制备。其中,电流体动力喷墨打印(电喷印)技术因其具有多种功能材料的兼容性,被认为最有可能替代传统的光刻技术,实现柔性传感器高分辨率和跨规模制造。近年来,电喷印技术在微型化柔性传感器制造领域显示出广泛的应用潜力。本综述重点介绍了电喷印刷柔性传感器的工艺、材料和应用的最新研究进展。首先,详细介绍了电流体动力喷墨打印技术的工作原理,总结了用于电喷印的各种功能性墨水材料,然后,介绍了电喷印刷中墨水和柔性基底间表界面调控的问题。随后,综述了电喷印方法在柔性压力传感器、柔性气体传感器和柔性电化学传感器等柔性传感器制造的应用进展。最后,总结讨论了下一代电喷印刷技术在柔性传感器领域的机遇与挑战。     

可视化柔性可穿戴传感器研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器具有轻质、共形性好和生物安全性高等特点,在军事、医疗健康和运动等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。可视化是柔性可穿戴传感器的一个重要发展方向,对于丰富传感器功能和扩展其应用领域具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来可视化柔性可穿戴传感器的研究和应用进展,总结了现有的可视化传感器种类及其作用机理,重点介绍了基于发光或变色进行可视化传感的柔性可穿戴传感器。最后,讨论了可视化柔性可穿戴传感器所面临的机遇和挑战。     

基于微纳结构的高灵敏度柔性压力传感器

近年来,随着互联网和人工智能的发展和普及,轻薄便捷、电子性能优异的柔性压力传感器作为可穿戴电子设备的核心器件,拥有了越来越广阔的市场。柔性压力传感器具有灵活柔韧、可折叠、传感性能优异等优点,因而在电子皮肤、运动检测、医疗监测和人机界面等方面已引起广泛的关注。构筑微纳结构是提高压力传感器灵敏度和传感性能的关键。基于此,本文首先总结了高灵敏度压力传感器的传感机制(压阻式、电容式、压电式和摩擦电式)和关键性能参数(灵敏度、压力检测范围、检测限、响应/恢复时间、循环稳定性和线性度等),然后归纳了利用基材构建表面微纳结构(微凸结构、荆棘结构和褶皱结构)和利用导电材料构建微纳结构(微球结构、海胆状结构、蜂窝状结构)的柔性压力传感器的研究进展及其优缺点,总结了基于微纳结构的高灵敏度柔性压力传感器在脉搏监测、电子皮肤、运动检测和人机界面等方面的应用现状。最后,从今后应用的角度出发,概述了高灵敏度柔性压力传感器即将面临的挑战及未来发展方向。     

微结构化弹性体介电层的制备方法与应用

微结构化弹性体薄膜是指在表面或内部具有多孔或者特殊造型阵列的微纳米尺寸结构的弹性体薄膜,这类薄膜作为功能化介电层在柔性电子器件的制备领域获得了广泛的应用。本文从微结构弹性体介电层的制备和应用两个方面来介绍微结构弹性体介电层的研究进展,首先介绍了可用以制备介电层的弹性体的种类,然后综述了多孔和非多孔阵列两大类微结构弹性体介电层的制备方法(氯化钠模板法、糖模板法、碳酸氢盐类模板法、微球模板法和硅模板法等);并介绍了微结构弹性体介电层在应力应变传感器和纳米发电机上的应用。     

可穿戴柔性触觉传感器的研究进展

可穿戴柔性触觉传感器是用来模仿人类触觉的器件, 可以感知人体以及外界环境的运动、 形变和压力等信息, 在智慧医疗和智能机器人等领域具有广泛的应用前景. 近年来, 大量柔性触觉传感器的研究使其性能得到了巨大的提升, 并在很多领域得到了应用. 本文首先简述了柔性触觉传感器的结构和基本性能; 然后重点介绍了具有自愈合、 自驱动以及可视化等新型高性能触觉传感器的研究进展; 接下来讨论了柔性触觉传感器在可穿戴电子技术、 医疗保健以及人机交互界面等方面的应用; 最后展望了柔性触觉传感器未来所面临的机遇与挑战.     

柔性电子学中的表界面化学

柔性电子作为新兴的研究热点, 涉及材料、 化学、 物理等多个基础学科的交叉, 以及在生物医用、 可穿戴设备及人工智能等多个领域的应用. 柔性电子设备的制造加工过程中会用到弹性基底、 导电层、 功能层等多种性质各异的材料, 其互相之间的整合受到它们表面性质和界面结合力的限制; 器件的功能、 可靠性、 对环境的敏感性等也受到了器件表界面性质的影响; 因此, 对材料和器件表界面的处理在柔性电子学中具有重要作用. 本文对柔性电子学中常用的表界面化学过程分为3大类进行介绍: 表面电化学过程, 基于特定化合物反应产生的电流制备电化学传感器, 利用电流/电压控制表面负载化合物; 表面修饰, 通过表面改性提高材料的加工性能, 共价修饰分子层或其它材料赋予器件特殊功能性质或保护层; 不同材料之间的界面连接, 通过共价连接或化学反应辅助的物理交联实现不同材料的结合, 提高柔性器件的稳定性, 实现柔性设备的整合. 对各应用进行总结和举例后, 讨论了存在的问题, 并对未来的发展方向及前景进行了展望.     

柔性染料敏化太阳电池*

染料敏化太阳电池（dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC）是一种新型太阳电池。其中柔性DSSC研究在追求太阳电池的新型用途和低成本化方面起着重要作用。本文综述了柔性DSSC国内外最新的研究成果,重点介绍了柔性DSSC的特点,柔性基板的选择及针对基板所制作的不同结构的电池,还介绍了纳米晶TiO₂ 薄膜的低温制备技术,如热液法、低温烧结法、电泳沉积法、化学气相沉积法、微波照射法、加压法等方法及柔性对电极的制备新技术。最后,对柔性DSSC的应用前景进行了展望。     

Multifunctional flexible and stretchable polyurethane/carbon nanotube strain sensor for human breath monitoring

Flexible and stretchable polyurethane/carbon nanotube composite with strain detection ability was used for human breath monitoring. The composite material consisted of a network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and thermoplastic high elastic polyurethane. It was found that elongation of the composite led to a macroscopic increase in electrical resistance, which can be used as a principle for applied strain detection. This detection was reversible, durable, and sensitive with gauge factor reaching very promising value, as, for example, ~46 at applied deformation of 8.7%. Further, the composite could be elongated to very large extend of deformation without discontinuity in measured resistance change reaching gauge factor ~ 450 at composite mechanical break at ~300% of strain. Sensor durability was also confirmed by sine wave deformation cycling when any decrease in the sensor properties for more than 10³ cycles was observed. Simultaneously, the prepared composite possessed other utility properties also and was considered as multifunctional when it was tested as an organic solvent vapor sensor, an element for Joule heating and finally as a microstrip antenna.     

FDS: flexible ligand and receptor docking with a continuum solvent model and soft-core energy function

The docking of flexible small molecule ligands to large flexible protein targets is addressed in this article using a two-stage simulation-based method. The methodology presented is a hybrid approach where the first component is a dock of the ligand to the protein binding site, based on deriving sets of simultaneously satisfied intermolecular hydrogen bonds using graph theory and a recursive distance geometry algorithm. The output structures are reduced in number by cluster analysis based on distance similarities. These structures are submitted to a modified Monte Carlo algorithm using the AMBER-AA molecular mechanics force field with the Generalized Born/Surface Area (GB/SA) continuum model. This solvent model is not only less expensive than an explicit representation, but also yields increased sampling. Sampling is also increased using a rotamer library to direct some of the protein side-chain movements along with large dihedral moves. Finally, a softening function for the nonbonded force field terms is used, enabling the potential energy function to be slowly turned on throughout the course of the simulation. The docking procedure is optimized, and the results are presented for a single complex of the arabinose binding protein. It was found that for a rigid receptor model, the X-ray binding geometry was reproduced and uniquely identified based on the associated potential energy. However, when side-chain flexibility was included, although the X-ray structure was identified, it was one of three possible binding geometries that were energetically indistinguishable. These results suggest that on relaxing the constraint on receptor flexibility, the docking energy hypersurface changes from being funnel-like to rugged. A further 14 complexes were then examined using the optimized protocol. For each complex the docking methodology was tested for a fully flexible ligand, both with and without protein side-chain flexibility. For the rigid protein docking, 13 out of the 15 test cases were able to find the experimental binding mode; this number was reduced to 11 for the flexible protein docking. However, of these 11, in the majority of cases the experimental binding mode was not uniquely identified, but was present in a cluster of low energy structures that were energetically indistinguishable. These results not only support the presence of a rugged docking energy hypersurface, but also suggest that it may be necessary to consider the possibility of more than one binding conformation during ligand optimization.     

Freestanding Carbon Nanotube Film for Flexible Straplike Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

Flexible lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries are promising to meet the emerging power demand for flexible electronic devices. The key challenge for a flexible Li/S battery is to design a cathode with excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. In this work, a flexible strap-like Li/S battery based on a S@carbon nanotube/Pt@carbon nanotube hybrid film cathode was designed. It delivers a specific capacity of 1145 mAh g⁻¹ at the first cycle and retains a specific capacity of 822 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Moreover, the flexible Li/S battery retains stabile specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency even under severe bending conditions. As a demonstration of practical applications, an LED array is shown stably powered by the flexible Li/S battery under flattened and bent states. We also use the strap-like flexible Li/S battery as a real strap for a watch, which at the same time provides a reliable power supply to the watch.     

科技与时尚的结合——柔性可穿戴电池

随着智能便携式电子产品的不断涌现，高功率密度和高能量密度的柔性可穿戴电池得到越来越多的研究和关注。对国内外柔性电池在柔性电极材料、固态电解质、电池结构型式和制备工艺等方面的发展现状进行了总结，对柔性电池现存的问题进行了分析探讨，并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

电沉积法制备聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)微米管及其在柔性全固态超级电容器的应用

通过一步电沉积方法制备了不同的酸介质和表面活性剂掺杂的聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)微米管电极材料,并用其来制备柔性的全固态对称超级电容器。同时探究了沉积时间对相同的酸介质和表面活性剂掺杂的PEDOT微米管电容性能的影响。最终产物的结构通过各种表征技术进行表征,包括扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和FT-IR光谱。电化学结果表明,用硫酸(H2SO4)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)掺杂的PEDOT微米管的电容性能明显提升。用沉积时间为600 s的PEDOT微米管所制备的超级电容器的面积比电容在10 mV·s-1的扫速下达到113.5 mF·cm~(-2)。在不同的弯曲角度下,该固态的对称超级电容器的面积比电容仍保持初始电容值的93%,表明其具有较高的柔性。此外,在电流密度为0.6 mA·cm~(-2)的条件下经过2 000次循环后,其电容值几乎保持初始电容值的95.5%,显示出优异的循环稳定性。制备出来的柔性全固态超级电容器可点亮LED灯,表明其能够满足微电源的实际应用。     

Sol-Gel; Potential Creative Applications for the Artist,Focusing on the Colloidal Alkali Silicate Route

The development of the colloidal alkali silicate gelation process (the Shoup Method) has established that intricately shaped large size monolithic glass samples are achievable without the need for long drying procedures or the use of a critical drying process. The ability to fabricate gels with large pores (diameter range of 100–300 nm) and the ability to dry them simply and quickly (with the help of a microwave oven) has made Sol-Gel technology accessible to the artist. The ability to cast from flexible molding compounds, to cast without major finishing, to dope and color directly with metal oxides, establishes new possibilities for the artistic forming of glass.     

The Effects of Metal Ions and Secondary Ligands on the Formation of Structures Resulted from Flexible Building Blocks

1 INTRODUCTION In order to achieve predictable structures resulted from flexible building units, we have synthesized The rational design and construction of inorganic- two complexes from the mixed ligands of 3-(4-chlo- organic hybrid materials by flexible ligands have re- rophenyl) glutaric acid (cpg) (Scheme 1) and 1,3-di- ceived considerable attention due to their novel struc- (4-bipy) propane (bpp), and obtain 1D bilayer ladder tures as well as their special functional properties[1~6].…     

配位聚合物[Zn(PDA)(obix)]的合成、晶体结构和荧光性质

Hydrothermal reaction between 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H₂PDA) and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O at the presence of the second ligand of 1,2-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl)benzene (obix) yields a new 2D metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn(PDA)(obix)] (1), which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Complex 1 presents a two-dimensional (2D) sheet structure and displays strong luminescent emission at room temperature. CCDC: 716984.