各向异性作用下合金定向凝固界面稳定性的渐近分析

采用渐近分析方法对考虑了界面能各向异性的单相二元合金平界面定向凝固过程进行了线性稳定性分析，得到了特定条件下的零级、一级渐近解，并通过对长波段渐近解的讨论得出了适用于整个波段的色散关系.分析表明零级渐近解等效于成分过冷理论，而一级渐近解则与M-S稳定性理论一致.在稳定状态控制参数(抽拉速度和温度梯度)的选择图中，界面能各向异性增大了不稳定区域，且在高速和高温度梯度时的影响更强.     

各向异性作用下合金定向凝固界面稳定性的渐近分析

采用渐近分析方法对考虑了界面能各向异性的单相二元合金平界面定向凝固过程进行了线性稳定性分析,得到了特定条件下的零级、一级渐近解,并通过对长波段渐近解的讨论得出了适用于整个波段的色散关系.分析表明零级渐近解等效于成分过冷理论,而一级渐近解则与M-S稳定性理论一致.在稳定状态控制参数(抽拉速度和温度梯度)的选择图中,界面能各向异性增大了不稳定区域,且在高速和高温度梯度时的影响更强. 关键词： 定向凝固 界面稳定性 渐近分析 各向异性     

Painlevé analysis and integrability aspects of some nonlinear partial differential equations

A brief review of the Painlevé singularity structure analysis of some autonomous and nonautonomous nonlinear partial differential equations is discussed. We point out how the Painlevé analysis of solutions of these equations systematically provides the integrability properties of the equation. The Lax pair, Bäcklund transformation and bilinear forms are constructed from the analysis.     

Bounded multi-soliton solutions and their asymptotic analysis for the reversal-time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this paper, we construct the Darboux transformation (DT) for the reverse-time integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation by loop group method. Then we utilize the DT to derive soliton solutions with zero seed. We investigate the dynamical properties for those solutions and present a sufficient condition for the non-singularity of multi-soliton solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis of bounded multi-solutions has also been established by the determinant formula.     

Kinematics and backgrounds for HAPPEX measurements

Measurements and systematic errors of the 4-momentum transfer squared (Q²) and backgrounds for the 2005 HAPPEX runs are described.     

Quasi-linearization and stability analysis of some self-dual,dark equations and a new dynamical system†

We describe a class of self-dual dark nonlinear dynamical systems a priori allowing their quasi-linearization, whose integrability can be effectively studied by means of a geometrically based gradient-holonomic approach. A special case of the self-dual dynamical system, parametrically dependent on a functional variable is considered, and the related integrability condition is formulated. Using this integrability scheme, we study a new self-dual, dark nonlinear dynamical system on a smooth functional manifold, which models the interaction of atmospheric magneto-sonic Alfvén plasma waves. We prove that this dynamical system possesses a Lax representation that allows its full direct linearization and compatible Poisson structures. Moreover, for this self-dual nonlinear dynamical system we construct an infinite hierarchy of mutually commuting conservation laws and prove its complete integrability.     

从量纲分析观点看气体物态方程

从量纲分析的观点出发讨论气体物态方程的形式.指出理想气体的物态方程由量纲特征确定到只差一常数;玻意耳气体族的物态方程族由量纲特征完全确定;还给出了非理想气体物态方程的一般形式.     

Three-dimensional MHD flow over a shrinking sheet: Analytical solution and stability analysis

The magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) steady and unsteady axisymmetric flows of a viscous fluid over a two-dimensional shrinking sheet are addressed. The mathematical analysis is carried out in the presence of a large magnetic field. The steady state problem results in a singular perturbation problem having an infinite domain singularity. The secular term appearing in the solution is removed and a two-term uniformly valid solution is derived using the Lindstedt–Poincaré technique. This asymptotic solution is validated by comparing it with the numerical solution. The solution for the unsteady problem is also presented analytically in the asymptotic limit of large magnetic field. The results of velocity profile and skin friction are shown graphically to explore the physical features of the flow field. The stability analysis of the unsteady flow is made to validate the asymptotic solution.     

用于ICF驱动器的取样光栅的矢量分析与计算

在ICF的终端光学聚焦系统中,采用取样光栅(BSG)将透射的三倍频光按一定比例送入能量计中进行能量诊断。本文采用精确耦合波矢量分析方法分析了衍射效率与光栅周期、刻槽深度、占空比等的关系,为光栅的实际制作提供了一些有意义的结果。     

时空联合调制成像光谱仪前置成像系统分析与设计

为满足红外成像光谱仪大光通量、高稳定性的应用需求,提出了一种基于多级阶梯微反射镜的静态化、无狭缝式、新型红外时空联合调制型傅里叶变换成像光谱仪结构.对其工作原理和光程差的产生方式进行了分析.作为该成像光谱仪的重要部件,前置成像系统决定了光程差的分布,其性能直接影响到目标物体的图像质量.根据系统光程差的产生方式,分析和设计了像方远心光路结构的前置成像系统.利用被动光学消热差方法对前置成像系统进行了消热差研究.结果表明:当温度在-20—60?C的范围内时,各个视场的调制传递函数均达到衍射极限,在多级阶梯微反射镜的总阶梯高度范围内成像质量良好;在不同的温度下,各视场处主光线在像面上的最大入射角小于0.02?.     

Integrability,multi-soliton and rational solutions,and dynamical analysis for a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameter

Under investigation in this paper is a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameter α abbreviated as RTL_(α) system by Suris, which may describe the motions of particles in lattices interacting through an exponential interaction force. First of all, an integrable lattice hierarchy associated with an RTL_(α) system is constructed, from which some relevant integrable properties such as Hamiltonian structures, Liouville integrability and conservation laws are investigated. Secondly, the discrete generalized(m, 2 N-m)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed to derive multi-soliton solutions, higher-order rational and semirational solutions, and their mixed solutions of an RTL_(α) system. The soliton elastic interactions and details of rational solutions are analyzed via the graphics and asymptotic analysis. Finally, soliton dynamical evolutions are investigated via numerical simulations,showing that a small noise has very little effect on the soliton propagation. These results may provide new insight into nonlinear lattice dynamics described by RTL_(α) system.     

Dark Solitons for the Defocusing Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with the Spatially Periodic Potential and Nonlinearity

We study the existence of dark solitons of the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) eqaution with the spatially-periodic potential and nonlinearity. Firstly, we propose six families of upper and lower solutions of the dynamical systems arising from the stationary defocusing NLS equation. Secondly, by regarding a dark soliton as a heteroclinic orbit of the Poincaré map, we present some constraint conditions for the periodic potential and nonlinearity to show the existence of stationary dark solitons of the defocusing NLS equation for six different cases in terms of the theory of strict lower and upper solutions and the dynamics of planar homeomorphisms. Finally, we give the explicit dark solitons of the defocusing NLS equation with the chosen periodic potential and nonlinearity.     

The KP and ZK equations for electrostatic waves with grain charge fluctuation

The propagation of three-dimensional nonlinear dust-acoustic and dust-Coulomb waves in unmagnetized/magnetized dusty plasmas consisting of electrons, ions, and charged dust particles is investigated. The grain charge fluctuation effect is also incorporated through the current balance equation. By using the perturbation method, a Kadomtsev－Petviashvili equation and a Zakharov－Kuznetsov equation governing the nonlinear waves in the unmagnetized and magnetized systems are obtained respectively. It has been shown that with the combined effects of grain charge fluctuation, the transverse perturbation, and the external magnetic field would modify the wave structures. Waves in those systems are unstable to the high-order long-wave perturbations.     

Exact solutions for the quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with time and space modulated nonlinearities and potentials

In this Letter, by means of similarity transformations, we construct explicit solutions to the quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with potentials and nonlinearities depending both on time and on the spatial coordinates. We present the general approach and use it to study some examples and find nontrivial explicit solutions such as periodic (breathers), quasiperiodic and bright and dark soliton solutions.     

基于主成分分析和支持向量机的木材近红外光谱树种识别研究

为了探究一种新型高效的树种鉴别方法,以桉木、杉木、落叶松、马尾松和樟子松近红外光谱数据为研究对象,分别建立了基于主成分分析和支持向量机的木材树种定性识别模型。在主成分识别模型中,样本光谱数据经过预处理后绘制了其二维和三维主成分得分图,可以看出：主成分分析得分图能有效区分五种木材树种,且三维得分图比二维得分图更能直观、清晰展示树种之间的差异,表明主成分分析在可视化层面上可对小样本树种进行有效判别。在支持向量机识别模型中,分别建立了以遗传算法和粒子群算法为代表的智能算法优化支持向量机树种识别模型,结果显示,遗传算法-支持向量机模型的交叉验证最佳判别准确率为95.71%,测试集预测准确率为94.29%,算法用时134.08 s;粒子群算法-支持向量机模型的交叉验证最佳判别准确率为94.29%,测试集预测准确率为100.00%,算法用时19.98 s,表明基于智能算法支持向量机树种识别模型能够实现对木材树种的有效鉴别。该研究对近红外光谱分析技术在木材科学领域的应用进行了有益探索,为木材树种的快速识别提供了新方法。     

10T脉冲磁场的亥姆霍兹线圈热和力分析

亥姆霍兹线圈在产生数十T的准静态脉冲磁场的装置中得到广泛应用。以自行研制的一套用于磁压剪实验技术的脉冲磁场发生系统的亥姆霍兹线圈为研究对象,结合装置的电参数,利用有限元软件ANSYS对装置放电过程中线圈的热和力进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,当装置在线圈中产生上升时间约1.34 ms、幅值14.37 kA的放电电流和10.7 T的磁场时,线圈中的最大温升约150℃,最大应力近0.5 GPa,铜导线中的最大应力约0.2 GPa,线圈导线变形位移小于0.05 mm。基于分析结果,在线圈制作时,选择绝缘层耐温超过200℃、抗拉强度0.5 GPa的铜导线作为线圈绕线,选择抗拉强度达5.8 GPa的柴龙纤维绕制在铜导线外层进行加固,并制作了相应结构的亥姆霍兹线圈对。利用该线圈对进行的放电实验测试结果表明,在满足设计指标的情况下,线圈对结实可靠,可重复使用。     

Multi-criteria decision analysis and environmental risk assessment for nanomaterials

Nanotechnology is a broad and complex discipline that holds great promise for innovations that can benefit mankind. Yet, one must not overlook the wide array of factors involved in managing nanomaterial development, ranging from the technical specifications of the material to possible adverse effects in humans. Other opportunities to evaluate benefits and risks are inherent in environmental health and safety (EHS) issues related to nanotechnology. However, there is currently no structured approach for making justifiable and transparent decisions with explicit trade-offs between the many factors that need to be taken into account. While many possible decision-making approaches exist, we believe that multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a powerful and scientifically sound decision analytical framework for nanomaterial risk assessment and management. This paper combines state-of-the-art research in MCDA methods applicable to nanotechnology with a hypothetical case study for nanomaterial management. The example shows how MCDA application can balance societal benefits against unintended side effects and risks, and how it can also bring together multiple lines of evidence to estimate the likely toxicity and risk of nanomaterials given limited information on physical and chemical properties. The essential contribution of MCDA is to link this performance information with decision criteria and weightings elicited from scientists and managers, allowing visualization and quantification of the trade-offs involved in the decision-making process.     

强激光脉冲电源系统故障分析和对策

 详细分析了强激光脉冲电源系统可能存在的故障问题, 通过电路模拟给出了故障电流波形。在此基础上提出了电源系统故障保护的方法和对策,这对于电源系统的设计和安全运行具有十分重要的意义。