可规模储能的沉积型单液流电池研究进展

与全钒等双液流电池相比,沉积型单液流电池不使用离子交换膜等昂贵材料,结构简化,比能量提高,适合于不同规模的储能场合,研究渐多.本文介绍了沉积型单液流电池的原理与特点及其结构组成,以笔者实验室工作为主,综述了各沉积型单液流电池新体系的研究进展及存在的问题,并指出目前单液流电池待解决的问题是高比容量、高稳定性电极材料和电堆...     

基于3D固态负极的铁铅单液流电池研究

低成本的大规模电化学储能技术对于清洁可再生能源的高效利用具有重要意义.设计了一种3D结构的铅负极,并在此基础上构建了铁铅单液流电池.其中采用硫酸亚铁/硫酸铁和铅/硫酸铅分别作为电池的正、负极活性物质,硫酸水溶液为电解液.负极采用高导电的乙炔黑构建了具有多孔结构的导电网络,并通过加入硫酸钡或腐殖酸等添加剂显著提升了电池性...     

铁—杂多酸液流电池的研究

本文报道的氧化还原流动池、负极活性物质为ＦｅＳＯ４，正极为Ｈ３ＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４０（ＨＰ），具有选择性的阳离子交换膜将两个经活化的多孔碳毯电极分开，两个氧化还原电对在碳和石墨电极上都具有相适应的电化学可逆性。电池的活性性质很稳定，电池没有使用寿命限制。     

液流储能电池技术研究进展

液流储能电池技术是一种高效、大规模电化学储能技术,在风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电、智能电网建设等方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文重点对全钒、多硫化钠-溴和锌-溴液流储能电池的工作原理、特点、国内外研究现状及发展趋势进行了综述,并对其他探索性液流储能电池体系进行了介绍。提出了制约液流储能电池技术发展瓶颈问题,展望了液流储能电池未来发展趋势。     

液流电池研究进展

和通常熟悉的以固体或气体材料作电极的化学电源不同,液流电池的活性物质是流动着的电解质溶液,是一种可实现规模化储能的电化学装置.本文简要综述液流电池的发展历史及其研究现状,瞻望发展前景,并提出它存在的主要问题.     

全钒液流电池离子导电膜

随着可再生能源技术的不断发展,全钒液流电池作为具有较大发展前景的大规模储能装置,受到了国内外的广泛关注.离子导电膜作为全钒液流电池重要的组成部件之一,对于电池的性能、使用寿命和成本有着关键性的影响.根据国内外的研究报道,本综述详细介绍了全钒液流电池离子导电膜的科研与应用进展以及所面临的技术难题,为高性能、低成本、长寿命...     

钒液流电池用碳纸电极改性的研究

采用红外光谱和扫描电镜等手段研究了浓硫酸处理前、后碳纸的表面结构和形貌的变化。并将这类碳纸用作全钒液流氧化还原电池电极材料,对其电化学性能进行了详细研究。结果表明通过酸处理,碳纸表面有-COOH官能团生成,其电化学活性增强。酸处理后的碳纸电极组装成的电池在电流密度20 mA·cm^-2时有良好充放电性能,平均电流和电压效率达到95%和82%。     

全钒液流电池储能技术开发与应用进展

大规模储能技术是实现大规模可再生能源普及应用和支撑智能电网建设的核心技术. 全钒液流电池（Vanadium Flow Battery, VFB）因其寿命长、安全性好、配置灵活、响应速度快、建设周期短、对环境影响低等突出优势,成为大规模电化学储能技术的首选. 美、日、欧等发达国家都在积极推动大型全钒液流电池技术和装备的研发. 本文重点介绍了由大连融科储能技术发展有限公司和中科院大连化学物理研究所开发的集装箱式全钒液流电池系统的测试结果,对迄今全球最大规模的5 MW/10 MWh全钒液流电池系统的运行情况进行了总结,最后指出通过进一步技术开发与规模化生产,降低其成本、提高其可靠性和电化学性能,是全钒液流电池技术和产业发展的主要方向.     

单液流锌镍电池锌负极性能及电池性能初步研究

对单液流锌镍电池锌电极在电解液流动状态下,电沉积锌形貌随电流密度的变化进行表征,结果表明,随充电电流密度的增大电沉积锌层逐渐致密化,没有枝晶生成.组装了容量为2Ah的电池,并进行长时间充放电性能研究.测试结果该电池的平均充电电压为1.84 V,平均放电电压1.65 V,平均库仑效率达到96%,能量效率达到了86%.     

铈锌液流电池的研究进展

铈锌氧化还原液流电池与其它液流电池相比,具有电压高、原材料资源丰富和价格便宜等优点,在储能方面具有很大的应用发展潜力。 本文总结了铈锌液流电池的研究进展,特别是对电解液的发展进行了重点总结,并指出了今后铈锌液流电池研究的发展方向。     

Family Tree for Aqueous Organic Redox Couples for Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes: A Conceptual Review

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an increasingly attractive option for renewable energy storage, thus providing flexibility for the supply of electrical energy. In recent years, research in this type of battery storage has been shifted from metal-ion based electrolytes to soluble organic redox-active compounds. Aqueous-based organic electrolytes are considered as more promising electrolytes to achieve “green”, safe, and low-cost energy storage. Many organic compounds and their derivatives have recently been intensively examined for application to redox flow batteries. This work presents an up-to-date overview of the redox organic compound groups tested for application in aqueous RFB. In the initial part, the most relevant requirements for technical electrolytes are described and discussed. The importance of supporting electrolytes selection, the limits for the aqueous system, and potential synthetic strategies for redox molecules are highlighted. The different organic redox couples described in the literature are grouped in a “family tree” for organic redox couples. This article is designed to be an introduction to the field of organic redox flow batteries and aims to provide an overview of current achievements as well as helping synthetic chemists to understand the basic concepts of the technical requirements for next-generation energy storage materials.     

铜-铈氧化还原液流电池性能

设计了一种新型Ce-Cu氧化-还原液流电池,研究了Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺和Cu⁰/Cu²⁺氧化还原电对的循环伏安特性,优化了电解液及电极材料,进而组装出液流电池,测试了电池的充放电性能。 结果表明,在45 mA恒电流充/放电条件下,电池放电平台电压约为1.0 V,库伦效率约100%,能量效率为75%以上,电池可稳定循环100次。     

A High-Energy Aqueous All-Sulfur Battery

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are promising energy storage devices because of their high safety and low cost. However, their energy densities are generally unsatisfactory due to the limited capacities of ion-inserted electrode materials, prohibiting their widespread applications. Herein, a high-energy aqueous all-sulfur battery was constructed via matching S/Cu₂S and S/CaS_x redox couples. In such batteries, both cathodes and anodes undergo the conversion reaction between sulfur/metal sulfides redox couples, which display high specific capacities and rational electrode potential difference. Furthermore, during the charge/discharge process, the simultaneous redox of Cu²⁺ ion charge-carriers also takes place and contributes to a more two-electron transfer, which doubles the capacity of cathodes. As a result, the assembled aqueous all-sulfur batteries deliver a high discharge capacity of 447 mAh g⁻¹ based on total mass of sulfur in cathode and anode at 0.1 A g⁻¹, contributing to an enhanced energy density of 393 Wh kg⁻¹. This work will widen the scope for the design of high-energy aqueous batteries.     

大学无机化学中“原电池”的启发探究式教学实践*

介绍了大学无机化学课堂中“原电池”部分的教学实践。通过启发-探究式教学模式,启发学生把常见的氧化还原反应,经过不断的设问和探究,最终设计成原电池,实现了通过原电池装置来证实氧化还原反应发生了电子传递的教学目的。学生在教师的启发下探究、分析、推导、创新和修正,使学生清晰地认识到知识的前后逻辑关系,对氧化还原反应概念、原电池装置有更深刻的理解,培养了学生的科学辩证思维能力。     

水系锌离子电池研究进展和挑战

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种新兴电池储能技术,具有安全性高、价格低廉、能量密度高、环境友好、易制造等优点,在大规模储能等领域具有良好的应用价值和前景,近年引起了人们的广泛关注且发展迅速.作者从目前AZIBs存在的科学问题出发,综述了AZIBs在正负极材料及电解液方面取得的重要进展,对己开发的多种正极材料的特点及...     

Evaluation of Electrochemical Stability of Sulfonated Anthraquinone-Based Acidic Electrolyte for Redox Flow Battery Application

Despite intense research in the field of aqueous organic redox flow batteries, low molecular stability of electroactive compounds limits further commercialization. Additionally, currently used methods typically cannot differentiate between individual capacity fade mechanisms, such as degradation of electroactive compound and its cross-over through the membrane. We present a more complex method for in situ evaluation of (electro)chemical stability of electrolytes using a flow electrolyser and a double half-cell including permeation measurements of electrolyte cross-over through a membrane by a UV–VIS spectrometer. The method is employed to study (electro)chemical stability of acidic negolyte based on an anthraquinone sulfonation mixture containing mainly 2,6- and 2,7-anthraquinone disulfonic acid isomers, which can be directly used as an RFB negolyte. The effect of electrolyte state of charge (SoC), current load and operating temperature on electrolyte stability is tested. The results show enhanced capacity decay for fully charged electrolyte (0.9 and 2.45% per day at 20 °C and 40 °C, respectively) while very good stability is observed at 50% SoC and lower, even at 40 °C and under current load (0.02% per day). HPLC analysis conformed deep degradation of AQ derivatives connected with the loss of aromaticity. The developed method can be adopted for stability evaluation of electrolytes of various organic and inorganic RFB chemistries.     

An Aqueous Symmetric Sodium‐Ion Battery with NASICON‐Structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3

A symmetric sodium‐ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated; it utilizes the NASICON‐structured Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ as both the anode and the cathode. The NASICON‐structured Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ possesses two electrochemically active transition metals with the redox couples of Ti⁴⁺/Ti³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ working on the anode and cathode sides, respectively. The symmetric cell based on this bipolar electrode material exhibits a well‐defined voltage plateau centered at about 1.4 V in an aqueous electrolyte with a stable cycle performance and superior rate capability. The advent of aqueous symmetric sodium‐ion battery with high safety and low cost may provide a solution for large‐scale stationary energy storage.