LOW BACK PAIN IN PORT MACHINERY OPERATORS

The occurrence of several types of low back pain (LBP) was investigated by a standardized questionnaire in a group of 219 port machinery operators exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) and postural load and in a control group of 85 maintenance workers employed at the same transport company. The group of port machinery operators included 85 straddle carrier drivers, 88 fork-lift truck drivers, and 46 crane operators. The vector sum of the frequency-weighted r.m.s. acceleration of vibration measured on the seatpan of port vehicles and machines averaged 0·90 m/s² for fork-lift trucks, 0·48 m/s² for straddle carriers, 0·53 m/s² for mobile cranes, and 0·22 m/s² for overhead cranes. The 12-month prevalence of low back symptoms (LBP, sciatic pain, treated LBP, sick leave due to LBP) was significantly greater in the fork-lift truck drivers than in the controls and the other two groups of port machinery operators. After adjusting for potential confounders, the prevalence of low back symptoms was found to increase with the increase of WBV exposure expressed as duration of exposure (driving years), equivalent vibration magnitude (m/s²), or cumulative vibration exposure (yr m²/s⁴). An excess risk for lumbar disc herniation was observed in the port machinery operators with prolonged driving experience. In both the controls and the port machinery operators, low back complaints were strongly associated with perceived postural load assessed in terms of frequency and/or duration of awkward postures at work. Multivariate analysis showed that vibration exposure and postural load were independent predictors of LBP. Even though the cross-sectional design of the present study does not permit firm conclusions on the relationship between WBV exposure and low back disorders, the findings of this investigation provide additional epidemiological evidence that seated WBV exposure combined with non-neutral trunk postures, as while driving, is associated with an increased risk of long-term adverse health effects on the lower back.     

EVALUATION OF FREQUENCY WEIGHTING (ISO 2631-1) FOR ACUTE EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION ON GASTRIC MOTILITY

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and the ISO 2631/1-1997 frequency weighting on gastric motility. The gastric motility was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) in nine healthy volunteers. Sinusoidal vertical vibration at a frequency of 4, 6·3, 8, 12, 16, 31·5, or 63 Hz was given to the subjects for 10 min. The magnitude of exposure at 4 Hz was 1·0m/s² (r.m.s.). The magnitudes of the other frequencies gave the same frequency-weighted acceleration according to ISO 2631/1-1997. The pattern of the dominant frequency histogram (DFH) was changed to a broad distribution pattern by vibration exposure. Vibration exposure had the effect of significantly reducing the percentage of time for which the dominant component had a normal rhythm and increasing the percentage of time for which there was tachygastria (p<0·05). Vibration exposure generally reduced the mean percentage of time with the dominant frequency in normal rhythm component. There was a significant difference between the condition of no vibration and exposure to 4 and 6·3 Hz of vibration frequency (p<0·05). The frequency weighting curve given in ISO 2631/1-1997 was not adequate for use in evaluating the physiological effects of WBV exposure on gastric motility.     

An epidemiological study of low back pain in professional drivers

The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) was investigated in 598 Italian professional drivers exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) and ergonomic risk factors (drivers of earth moving machines, fork-lift truck drivers, truck drivers, bus drivers). The control group consisted of a small sample of 30 fire inspectors not exposed to WBV. Personal, occupational and health histories were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. Vibration measurements were performed on representative samples of the machines and vehicles used by the driver groups. From the vibration magnitudes and exposure durations, alternative measures of vibration dose were estimated for each subject. Daily vibration exposure, expressed in terms of 8-h energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration, A(8), averaged 0.28-0.61 (range 0.10-1.18) m s⁻² rms in the driver groups. Duration of exposure to WBV ranged between 1 and 41 years. The 7-day and 12-month prevalence of LBP was greater in the driver groups than in the controls. In the professional drivers, the occurrence of 12-month LBP, high intensity of LBP (Von Korff pain scale score ?5), and LBP disability (Roland & Morris disability scale score ?12) significantly increased with increasing cumulative vibration exposure. Even though several alternative measures of vibration exposure were associated with LBP outcomes, nevertheless a more regular trend of association with LBP was found for vibration dose expressed as ∑a_vit_i (m s⁻² h), in which the frequency-weighted acceleration, a_v, and lifetime exposure duration, t, were given equal weight. In multivariate data analysis, individual characteristics (e.g. age, body mass index) and a physical load index (derived from combining manual materials handling and awkward postures) were significantly associated with LBP outcomes, while psychosocial work factors (e.g. job decision, job support) showed a marginal relation to LBP. This study tends to confirm that professional driving in industry is associated with an increased risk of work-related LBP. Exposure to WBV and physical loading factors at work are important components of the multifactorial origin of LBP in professional drivers.     

Whole-body vibration and ergonomic study of US railroad locomotives

US locomotive operators have exposure to multi-axis whole-body vibration (WBV) and shocks while seated. This study assessed operator-related and ergonomic seating design factors that may have confounding or mitigating influence on WBV exposure and its effects. Vibration exposure was measured according to international guidelines (ISO 2631-1; 1997); ergonomic work place factors and vibration effects were studied with a cross-sectional survey instrument distributed to a randomly selected group of railroad engineers (n=2546) and a control group; and during vehicle inspections. The survey response rate was 47% for the RR engineers (n=1195) and 41% for the controls (n=323). Results of the mean basic vibration measurements were for the x, y, z-direction and vector sum 0.14, 0.22, 0.28 and 0.49 m/s² respectively; almost all crest factors (CF), MTVV and VDV values were above the critical ratios given in ISO 2631-1. The prevalence of serious neck and lower back disorders among locomotive engineers was found to be nearly double that of the sedentary control group without such exposure. Railroad engineers rated their seats mostly unacceptable regarding different adjustment and comfort aspects (3.02-3.51; scale 1=excellent to 4=unacceptable), while the control group rated their chairs more favorably (1.96-3.44). Existing cab and seat design in locomotives can result in prolonged forced awkward spinal posture of the operator combined with WBV exposure. In a logistic regression analysis, time at work being bothered by vibration (h/day) was significantly associated with an increased risk of low back pain, shoulder and neck pain, and sciatic pain among railroad engineers. Customized vibration attenuation seats and improved cab design of the locomotive controls should be further investigated.     

On the significance of body mass and vibration magnitude for acceleration transmission of vibration through seats with horizontal suspensions

Seats with horizontal suspensions can help to reduce detrimental effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on health, comfort and performance. Two seats were used to examine the effect of body mass and WBV-magnitude on the transmission of WBV from the seat base to the cushion. Both seats have suspension in the x-direction while Seat 2 has suspension also in the y-direction. Twelve subjects with a body mass ranging from 59.0 to 97.3 kg volunteered for the study. A set of anthropometric characteristics was acquired. Three magnitudes of WBV were used with a truck-like signal (Seat 1, 0.3-0.59 m s⁻²w_d-weighted rms values at the seat base, x-direction) and a tractor-like signal (Seat 2, 0.55-1.09 m s⁻²w_d-weighted rms values at the seat base, x-direction, 0.52-1.07 m s⁻²w_d-weighted rms values, y-direction). The magnitude of WBV had a significant effect on the transmissibility characterized by SEAT-values. A significant influence of the body mass on SEAT-values was found for the y-direction only. Other anthropometric characteristics proved to be more important for the prediction of SEAT values by multiple regressions. There was no significant correlation of SEAT-values, x-direction, with the body mass. Other anthropometric characteristics enabled a satisfactory prediction of SEAT values also for x-direction in several cases. Tests with only two subjects of extreme body mass are not suited to obtain comparable and representative results required for a comparison of different seats with a suspension in the x-direction. The effect of the WBV-magnitude on the WBV-transmissibility should be considered with the design, testing and application of suspended seats.     

Whole body vibration exposures in metropolitan bus drivers: A comparison of three seats

Using a repeated measures study design, three different seats were evaluated as 12 metropolitan bus drivers drove a standardized test route including city streets, old and new freeways, and a street segment containing 10 large speed humps. Three comparisons were made: (1) comparing seats made by different manufactures (Seats 1 and 2), (2) comparing seats with a standard foam (Seat 2) and silicone foam (Seat 3) seat pans, and (3) comparing WBV exposures based on individual factors such as seat pressure settings and body weight. Whole body vibration (WBV) exposures were measured using a tri-axial seat pan accelerometer and the attenuation capabilities of each seat were evaluated by comparing the vibrations measured at the floor and seat of the bus. There were significant WBV exposure differences between the various street types, which was shown across all seat types. The city street and older freeway segments had the highest WBV exposures with both segments producing WBV exposures slightly above the action limit for vibration dose value (VDV). Relative to Seat 2, Seat 1 performed better at attenuating impulsive and shock related WBV exposures; however, neither seat performed significantly better when average vibration (A_w) and VDV WBV exposures were compared. In addition, no performance differences were seen between the standard foam (Seat 2) and silicone foam (Seat 3) seat pans. Seat suspension stiffness (air pressure) was also examined, and the results indicated that the higher the seat air pressure the lower the A_w, VDV, and static compressive dose (S_ed) vibration exposures. This study provided a unique opportunity to evaluate on-the-job whole body vibration exposures in a standardized, controlled setting.     

A study of the subjective equivalence of noise and whole-body vibration

An experiment has been conducted to determine the subjective equivalence of 1000 Hz pure tone noise and 10 Hz sinusoidal whole-body vertical vibration. Each of 20 male subjects was exposed to all 64 possible combinations of 8 levels of noise (65 dB to 100 dB SPL) and 8 levels of vibration (0·20 m/s² r.m.s. to 1·2 m/s² r.m.s.). The noise was presented via circumaural headphones and the vibration exposure was by means of a flat hard seat. The method of constant stimuli was used. Both stimuli were presented simultaneously for a period of ten seconds and subjects were asked to indicate whether, if they were to be presented with the combination again, they would prefer that the noise or the vibration should be reduced.It was concluded that the subjects were relatively self-consistent and that the major source of variability was due to intersubject differences. The conditions for equivalence for 50% of the subjects ranged from about 0·2 m/s² r.m.s. at 69 dB to 1·2 m/s² r.m.s. at 94 dB. The results are presented in a form that enables an estimate to be made of the percentage of subjects who prefer reduced noise or vibration at any of the given combinations of the two stimuli. Further studies to extend the range and establish the general applicability of these results are suggested. It is considered that such results could be employed as a guide to reducing either the noise or the vibration in some environments.     

The association between whole body vibration exposure and musculoskeletal disorders in the Swedish work force is confounded by lifting and posture

This was a cross-sectional study based on material representing the Swedish work-force from a survey conducted in 1999, 2001 and 2003 by Statistics Sweden. Exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) was prevalent among agricultural, forestry, fishery workers and among plant and machinery operators based on a sample of 40,000 employed persons. Approximately 70% responders, that are 9798 persons answered both the interview and the questionnaire for the analysis of exposure-response. Exposure to WBV at least half the working time was associated with prevalence ratios above two for musculoskeletal symptoms in the low back, neck, shoulder/arm and hand among workers. When the exposure factors lifting and frequent bending were added to a multivariate analysis, surprisingly the magnitude of association was low between low back symptoms and WBV exposure. Interestingly, the relation between WBV exposure and symptoms in the neck, shoulder/arm and hand had the same or higher magnitude of association even when the possible confounders were in the model. For the neck, low back and shoulder/arm there was a visible increase in prevalence ratio (as high as 5 times) when combined exposures of WBV, lifting, frequent bending, twisted posture and noise were included in the analysis.     

Inter-cycle variation in whole-body vibration exposures of operators driving track-type loader machines

Whole-body vibration (WBV) measurements are an important aspect of performing risk assessments for those exposed to vibration. A large array of variables affect the outcome of a vibration measurement and its extrapolation to a daily dose measure: e.g. variability in driving style, road surface roughness, loading. The variability in vibration emission is an inherent property for most vibrating environments and there is a risk that a vibration measurement might not be representative of the long-term exposures. It is important to acknowledge the variation inherent to WBV exposure to help understand how this variation will affect health risk assessments. A field investigation was conducted in order to characterise the variation of WBV magnitudes between work cycles of track-type loaders. Six different track-type loaders were measured at four different work sites. The vibrations were measured at the operators seat in three translational axes (x-, y-, and z-axis) in accordance with ISO 2631-1 (1997). The findings indicate the worst axis of vibration for the track-type loaders was predominantly the fore-and-aft (x-axis), for most operations. The most severe emission values were measured for machine C at site 2 (1.12 ms⁻² rms) and machine D at site 2 (1.03 ms⁻² rms). These machines would exceed the action value of the Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive within 2 h of exposure. All of the machines measured would exceed the exposure action value of the Directive within an 8 h working period. The lateral (y-axis) produced the greatest amount of variability between work cycles (coefficient of variation up to 20%). It is concluded that the inherent variability between work cycles and tasks reinforces the requirement to perform a full task analysis prior to measuring WBV exposures to ensure that all tasks are measured and that adequate cycles are measured to obtain a reliable indication of the vibration emission.     

Invariance of the White Noise for KdV

We prove the invariance of the mean 0 white noise for the periodic KdV. First, we show that the Besov-type space [^(b)]^s_p,￥{\widehat{b}^s_{p,\infty}} , sp < −1, contains the support of the white noise. Then, we prove local well-posedness in [^(b)]^s_{p, ￥}{\widehat{b}^s_{p, \infty}} for p = 2 + , s = -\frac12+{s = -\frac{1}{2}+} such that sp < −1. In establishing the local well-posedness, we use a variant of the Bourgain spaces with a weight. This provides an analytical proof of the invariance of the white noise under the flow of KdV obtained in Quastel-Valko [21].     

Uncertainty in the evaluation of occupational exposure to whole-body vibration

Uncertainties associated with field assessments of daily exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) have been investigated in four categories of work vehicles (fork lift trucks, wheel loaders, garbage trucks, buses) in different working conditions. A total of 50 vehicles were included in the study. WBV exposures were measured in different field conditions in marble quarries, marble laboratories, dockyards, paper mills, transportation and public utilities: over 700 individual vibration measurements were analysed to quantify relevant uncertainty components due to changes in the operators’ working methods, variations in the characteristics and conditions of the machines, changes in the characteristics of the travelling surface, uncertainty in the evaluation of exposure duration, and systematic errors due to measurement equipment. The methods used in the study to calculate measurement uncertainties are in accordance with the ISO publication “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”. The study made it possible to isolate major sources of uncertainty in field assessment of daily exposures to WBV. The investigation revealed that, in all the field conditions, differences in the characteristics of the machines and/or in working cycles were the most relevant uncertainty components. The overall relative uncertainty p in WBV field assessment was in the range 14% <p<32%, whereas the relative uncertainty caused by transducer and measurement equipment in a correctly calibrated system is less than 4%.     

Fine-structure energy levels, oscillator strengths and lifetimes in Co XV

Excitation energies from ground state for 97 fine-structure levels as well as oscillator strengths and radiative decay rates for all electric-dipole-allowed and intercombination transitions among the fine-structure levels of the terms belonging to the (1s ²2s ²2p ⁶)3s ²3p, 3s ³ p ², 3s ²3d, 3p ³, 3s3p3d, 3p ²3d, 3s3d ², 3s ²4s, 3s ²4p, 3s ²4d, 3s ²4f, and 3s3p4s configurations of Co XV are calculated, using extensive configuration-interaction (CI) wave functions, obtained with the CIV3 computer code of Hibbert. The important relativistic effects in intermediate coupling are included through the Breit-Pauli approximation via spin-orbit, spin-other-orbit, spin-spin, Darwin and mass correction terms. Small adjustments to the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrices have been made. Our calculated excitation energies, including their ordering, are in excellent agreement with the experimental results and the experimentally compiled energy values of the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) wherever available. The mixing among several fine-structure levels is found to be very strong, with most of the strongly mixed levels belonging to the (1s ²2s ²2p ⁶)3p ²3d and 3s3d ² configurations. The strong mixing among several fine-structure levels makes it very difficult to identify them uniquely. Perhaps, that may be the reason for the lack of both experimental and theoretical results for these levels. We believe that our extensive calculated values can guide experimentalists in identifying the fine-structure levels in their future work. From our radiative decay rates we have also calculated radiative lifetimes of some fine-structure levels. In this calculation we also predict new data for several fine-structure levels where no other theoretical and/or experimental results are available.     

Energy levels, oscillator strengths and lifetimes in Ar V

We have calculated the excitation energies, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for electric-dipole-allowed and intercombination transitions among the 46 LS levels belonging to the configurations 3s ²3p ², 3s3p ³, 3s ²3p3d, 3p ⁴, 3s ²3p4s, 3s ²3p4p, 3s3p ²(² S)4s, 3s3p ²(² P)4s, 3s3p ²(⁴ P)4s, 3s3p ²(² D)4s, 3s ²3p4d and 3s ²3p4f of Si-like Argon. These states are represented by extensive Configuration-Interaction (CI) wavefunctions obtained using the CIV3 computer code of Hibbert. From our transition probabilities we have also calculated the radiative lifetimes of singlet and triplet states of Ar V. Our results are compared with other available theoretical calculations and experimental data. To assess the importance of relativistic effects on our calculated values, we have also carried out calculations in the intermediate-coupling scheme using the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. Small adjustments to the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrices have been made so that the energy splittings are as close as possible to the experimentally compiled energy values of the National Institute for standards and Technology (NIST). The energy splitting of 85 fine-structure levels, the oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for electric-dipole-allowed and intercombination transitions and the lifetimes of some fine-structure levels are presented and compared with available experimental and other theoretical values. In this calculation, we also predict new data for several fine-structure levels where no other theoretical and experimental results are available.     

Al等离子体类锂伴线的布居机制分析及实验应用

基于K壳层稳态碰撞辐射模型的程序,详细分析Al等离子体类锂伴线的主要布居机制,分别给出1s2p^{2 2}P-1s²2p²P,1s2s2p(¹S)²P-1s²2s²S与1s2p^{2 2}D-1s²2p² 关键词： 碰撞辐射模型 类锂伴线 线强比 激光等离子体     

Analyses of biodynamic responses of seated occupants to uncorrelated fore-aft and vertical whole-body vibration

The apparent mass and seat-to-head-transmissibility response functions of the seated human body were investigated under exposures to fore-aft (x), vertical (z), and combined fore-aft and vertical (x and z) axis whole-body vibration. The coupling effects of dual-axis vibration were investigated using two different frequency response function estimators based upon the cross- and auto-spectral densities of the response and excitation signals, denoted as H₁ and H_v estimators, respectively. The experiments were performed to measure the biodynamic responses to single and uncorrelated dual-axis vibration, and to study the effects of hands support, back support and vibration magnitude on the body interactions with the seatpan and the backrest, characterized in terms of apparent masses and the vibration transmitted to the head. The data were acquired with 9 subjects exposed to two different magnitudes of vibration applied along the individual x- and z-axis (0.25 and 0.4 m/s² rms), and along both the axis (0.28 and 0.4 m/s² rms along each axis) in the 0.5-20 Hz frequency range. The two methods resulted in identical single-axis responses but considerably different dual-axis responses. The dual-axis responses derived from the H_v estimator revealed notable effects of dual-axis vibration, as they comprised both the direct and cross-axis responses observed under single axis vibration. Such effect, termed as the coupling effect, was not evident in the dual-axis responses derived using the commonly used H₁ estimator. The results also revealed significant effects of hands and back support conditions on the coupling effects and the measured responses. The back support constrained the upper body movements and thus showed relatively weaker coupling compared to that observed in the responses without the back support. The effect of hand support was also pronounced under the fore-aft vibration. The results suggest that a better understanding of the seated human body responses to uncorrelated multi-axis whole-body vibration could be developed using the power-spectral-density based H_v estimator.     

EFFECTS RELATED TO RANDOM WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION AND POSTURE ON A SUSPENDED SEATWITH AND WITHOUT BACKREST

WBV-exposures are often linked with forced postures as prolonged sitting, bent forward sitting, or sitting without a backrest. No quantitative data are available to describe the exposure-effect relationships for different conditions of seating, posture, and the biological variability of workers. Experiments and subsequent predictions of forces acting within the spine during WBV can help to improve the assessment of the health risk. An experimental study was performed with 39 male subjects sitting on a suspension seat with or with no backrest contact. They were exposed to random whole-body vibration with a weighted r.m.s. value of 0·6 m/s² at a relaxed or a forward bending posture. A two-dimensional finite element model was used for the calculation of the internal spinal load. The model simulates the human response on a suspension driver seat. Individual exposure conditions were considered by including the transfer functions between the seat cushion and the seat base as well as between the backrest and the seat base for the calculation of the vibration input to the buttocks and to the back respectively. The average peak seat transmissibility was higher for the seat with the backrest, but the peak seat-to-head transmissibility was higher for the seat without the backrest for both postures. The peak transmissibilities between the accelerations at the seat base and the compressive forces at L5/S1 were highest for the seat without the backrest during the bending posture. Various biological effects can result from identical exposures combined with different backrest contact and postures. The backrest contact and posture conditions should not be neglected in the assessment of health risk caused by whole-body vibration.     

Energies and Landé factors for some excited levels in Lu I (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis> = 71)

We have calculated relativistic energies and Landé factors for 5d6s ², 5d ²6s, 6s6p ², 6s ²7s, 5d ³, 5d6s7s, 6s ²6p, 5d6s6p, 5d ²6p and 6s ²7p excited levels outside the core [Xe]4f ¹⁴ in neutral lutetium (Lu I, Z = 71). These calculations are based on the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method, within the framework of the Breit-Pauli relativistic corrections. Moreover, the results obtained have been compared with other works.     

Two-electron excitation in helium-like ions by electron impact

Calculation of cross-sections for the two-electron excitation in helium-like ions by electron impact employing Coulomb-Born-Oppenheimer (CBO) approximation is presented. Analytical expressions for the differential and total scattering cross-sections without using partial wave expansion of the wavefunction reported earlier have been used. The total and differential scattering cross-sections for each of the excitations 1s ^{2 1} S* → 2s ^{2 1} S ^e , 2s2p ^1.3 P ⁰, 2p ^{2 1} S ^e ,³ P ^e,¹ D ^e in Be²⁺ and B³⁺ are computed. Results for Li⁺ reported earlier are also included for comparison.     

MYOELECTRIC RESPONSE OF BACK MUSCLES TO VERTICAL RANDOM WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION WITH DIFFERENT MAGNITUDES AT DIFFERENT POSTURES

Back muscle forces contribute essentially to the whole-body vibration-induced spinal load. The electromyogram (EMG) can help to estimate these forces during whole-body vibration (WBV). Thirty-eight subjects were exposed to identical random low-frequency WBV (0·7, 1·0 and 1·4 m/s^-2 r.m.s. weighted acceleration) at a relaxed, erect and bent forward postures. The acceleration of the seat and the force between the seat and the buttocks were measured. Six EMGs were derived from the right side of the m. trapezius pars descendens, m. ileocostalis lumborum pars thoracis, m. ileocostalis lumborum pars lumborum; m. longissimus thoracis pars thoracis, m. longissimus thoracis pars lumborum, and lumbar multifidus muscle. All data were filtered for anti-aliasing and sampled with 1000 Hz. Artefacts caused by the ECG in the EMG were identified and eliminated in the time domain using wavelets. The individually rectified and normalized EMGs were averaged across subjects. The EMGs without WBV exhibited characteristic patterns for the three postures examined. The coherence and transfer functions indicated characteristic myoelectric responses to random WBV with several effects of posture and WBV magnitude. A comprehensive set of transfer functions from the seat acceleration or the mean normalized input force to the mean processed EMG was presented.The results can be used for the development of more sophisticated models with a separate control of various back muscle groups. However, the EMG-force relationship under dynamic conditions needs to be examined in more detail before the results can be implemented. Since different reflex mechanisms depending on the frequency of WBV are linked with different types of active muscle fibres, various time delays between the EMG and muscle force may be necessary.     

类镍等电子系列离子M1,M2,E2禁戒跃迁特性的理论研究

利用基于全相对论框架下的多组态Dirac-Fock理论方法发展起来的程序包GRASP92和新发展的处理辐射跃迁过程的程序REOS99，计算了类镍等电子系列离子(Z=45—95)的基组态3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰¹S₀以及低激发组态3s²3p⁶3d⁹4l,3s²3p⁵3d¹⁰4l和3s3p⁶3d¹⁰4l(l=s,p,d,f)的能级及其向基态的M1,M2,E2禁戒跃迁概率.通过分析高离化类镍离子在特定的原子序数范围内由于存在能级交叉而产生的强组态相互作用，解释了高离化类镍离子禁戒跃迁概率的反常变化现象，探讨了禁戒跃迁概率受强组态相互作用影响而变化的一般规律.