石墨二炔及其电子转移增强特性

石墨二炔是由sp和sp²杂化的碳原子构成的新的碳同素异形体。由于石墨二炔具有独特的拓扑结构和电子结构、较高的电荷迁移率及优异的电子传输性能,使其与其他材料相互作用,可表现出独特的电子转移增强特性。本文基于石墨二炔的电子转移增强特性,概述了石墨二炔及其电子转移增强特性的最新研究进展,包括金属氧化物/石墨二炔、金属纳米颗粒/石墨二炔、聚合物/石墨二炔以及染料分子/石墨二炔等多种石墨二炔基材料。本文从理论和实验研究两个方面详细阐述了石墨二炔的电子转移增强特性、石墨二炔与不同材料的相互作用以及相关的应用。希望该综述能对石墨炔化学的发展起到一定的积极作用。     

石墨炔衍生物的合成与应用

石墨炔是由sp和sp²两种杂化碳构成的新型二维碳同素异形体。基于石墨炔化学合成规律和独特优势,利用其他芳炔前体替代六乙炔基苯,可以获得结构特异、尺寸可控的石墨炔基衍生物,而局域碳骨架的改变可以实现石墨炔衍生物性能调控,包括电导率、带隙、迁移率、空腔尺寸和电荷分离等。这类具有优良半导体性能的石墨炔基衍生物可以广泛应用于电化学储能、电催化、光电转换器件、非线性光学等诸多领域。本文主要综述了近年来石墨炔衍生物的优化设计、结构表征和光电性能,并对其代表性应用进行了总结和展望。     

含异原子石墨炔基电极材料的研究进展

碳材料具有价格低廉、 易制备、 环境友好、 导电性高、 比表面积大以及适合离子存储和迁移等优点, 已成为目前应用于电化学储能器件电极的重要材料之一. 石墨炔(GDY)是一种新型的二维碳同素异形体, 由sp²碳杂化形式的苯环和sp碳杂化形式的炔键构成. 这种独特的化学结构一方面保持了碳材料良好的导电特性, 另一方面形成了新颖的离子传输通道, 为碳材料带来了不同的离子传输和存储特性. 与此同时, 由于石墨炔的空间结构可调性, 可以通过引入异原子微调石墨炔电子结构, 拓展石墨炔在电极材料领域的应用. 本文重点对近几年异原子杂化石墨炔基电极材料在锂离子电池、 钠离子电池、 金属硫电池、 电容器、 金属空气电池和电极保护等储能领域的研究工作进行总结, 并对未来石墨炔类材料在储能领域的发展进行了展望.     

石墨炔电化学电池界面构筑

石墨炔是新兴的碳同素异形体, 其独特的结构和性质引起了不同领域科学家的广泛关注. 研究表明, 石墨炔在能源、 催化、 光学、 磁学、 信息科学和生命科学等领域发展潜力巨大. 近年来, 石墨炔在电化学能源领域的基础和应用研究展现了石墨炔作为电化学能源材料所具有的独特优势, 为解决电化学能源器件所面临的科学瓶颈提供了新理念、 新方法和新概念. 本文综合评述了近3年来石墨炔在电化学电池界面应用方面的研究进展, 主要涉及二维石墨炔的制备和结构优势, 及其为多种电化学电池电极界面构筑、 界面选择性传输及电极界面稳定性等带来的新启发.     

石墨双炔的合成方法

石墨炔是一种新型碳的同素异形体,是由sp和sp²两种杂化形式的碳原子组成的二维层状材料。其中,石墨双炔是石墨炔家族中重要的一员,其独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使之在电化学、光催化、非线性光学、电子学等诸多领域优势显著,因此,发展石墨双炔的制备方法有着重要的意义。本文将首先介绍石墨双炔的结构,随后主要介绍石墨双炔合成方法的研究进展,包括有机全合成、表面在位化学反应和溶液相聚合反应等几个方面,其中溶液相聚合的方法取得了较为突出的进展。在本文的最后,主要探讨了石墨双炔合成方法中的挑战与机遇,并对合成方法的未来进行了展望。     

石墨炔与锡烯层状体系的形变势和电声耦合及载流子传输理论研究

我们对sp + sp²杂化的碳同素异形体—石墨炔,以及锡烯等层状体系的电子结构、形变势、电声耦合和电荷输运性质进行了回顾。有些二维石墨炔具有类似石墨烯的狄拉克锥,同时石墨炔电子结构可通过将其沿不同方向裁剪成不同宽度一维纳米带来调节。采用玻尔兹曼输运方程和形变势近似,结合第一性原理计算,我们预测石墨炔电荷载流子室温迁移率可达10⁴–10⁵ cm²·V^-1·s^-1,尤其6, 6, 12-石墨炔,因有两个狄拉克锥及比石墨烯弱的电声耦合,其室温迁移率甚至能高于石墨烯。因此具有独特电子结构和高迁移率的石墨炔能成为继石墨烯之后未来的纳米电子器件材料。此外我们着重分析了形变势方法的适用性：密度泛函微扰理论和瓦尼尔插值技术能精确计算任意波矢和模式的声子对载流子散射,该方法在石墨烯和石墨炔上的运用表明二维平面碳材料中对载流子输运起主导作用的是长波长纵声学声子散射,因而形变势方法是适用的;但通过对锡烯等二维非平面buckling结构的材料声子散射和迁移率的计算,发现此类不具备σ_h对称性的材料有较强的面外声子散射和横声学声子谷间散射,使得常用的形变势失效。     

石墨炔:从合成到应用

正石墨炔是一种新型碳的同素异形体,是由sp和sp~2两种杂化形式的碳原子组成的二维层状材料~1。具有中国自主知识产权的石墨炔自2010年被首次成功合成以来,吸引了全世界来自化学、物理、材料、生物和电子等学科的科学家对其进行探索~2。石墨炔独特的纳米级孔隙、二维层状共轭骨架结构及半导体性质等特性,使之在能源、电化     

石墨炔结构表征及在光电催化反应中的应用

石墨炔是一种新型碳材料,自2010年实验室成功制备后受到广泛关注。石墨炔是一种由sp和sp²杂化碳组成的高度共轭结构。随着石墨炔合成化学的发展,多种不同构型的石墨炔被制备和表征。石墨炔特殊的电子和孔结构,使其在催化领域中具有广泛的应用。本文总结了近年来石墨炔材料在表征方法和光电催化反应方面的研究进展,并探讨了石墨炔未来发展的机遇和挑战。     

石墨炔界面:从微观到宏观电极优化策略

石墨炔是新兴的二维碳同素异形体,其独特的结构和性质已经为绿色能源、绿色化学、生物医药、智能电子等领域带来诸多原创的理念.在电化学能源领域,石墨块已经逐渐发展成为该领域中具有巨大发展潜力的关键材料之一,为解决电化学能源领域的诸多关键问题提供了新的思路.本文系统总结了利用石墨炔优异本征性质,解决目前电化学能源器件的瓶颈问题...     

二维碳石墨炔的结构及其在能源领域的应用

从二维碳材料石墨炔(GDY)的分子和电子结构出发,重点论述石墨炔在能源存储和转换两个领域的应用,包括最新的理论和实验进展。石墨炔独特的三维孔隙结构,使得石墨炔在锂存储和氢气存储应用中具备天然的优势,既可以用作锂离子相关的储能器件,包括锂离子电池、锂离子电容器等;也可作为储氢材料,用于燃料电池等。通过掺杂的方法,还能进一步提高石墨炔储锂和储氢的性能。由于sp炔键和sp²苯环的存在,使石墨炔具有多重共轭的电子结构,在具备狄拉克锥的同时,其带隙也可通过多种途径调控,使得石墨炔不仅可以作为非金属高活性催化剂替代贵金属在光催化等方面应用,还可以在太阳能电池的空穴传输层和电子传输层方面获得应用,展现了石墨炔在能源方面独特的应用价值。我们将从理论预测和实验研究两方面介绍该领域目前的研究现状和发展趋势。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.