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生物质是一类丰富的可再生碳基资源,有望代替传统化石资源生产燃料和化学品,受到了广泛关注和研究.近年来,电催化作为一种绿色高效的转化策略,成为生物质催化转化的重要研究方向之一,具有巨大的应用前景.本文总结了生物质平台化合物电催化制备高附加值燃料与化学品的研究进展,根据反应类型重点介绍了电催化氧化、还原和偶联反应,对催化反应过程和机理进行了阐述,并对电催化生物炼制的前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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生物质平台分子γ-戊内酯的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物质是自然界存量丰富的可再生资源.随着化石资源的日渐枯竭,由生物质制备燃料和化学品引起人们关注.把生物质转化为燃料和化学品通常经过生物质平台分子步骤.在众多生物质平台分子中,γ-戊内酯(GVL)具有广泛的用途,有关γ-戊内酯的合成和转化的研究成为一个热点课题.由木质纤维素制备GVL已经开发出多种催化体系,将GVL转化为燃料、化学品以及高分子材料也有大量文献报道.着重从不同的原料、催化体系归纳GVL的合成路线和方法,为探索高效、经济、绿色、可持续的GVL合成途径提供思路,并对GVL的高效转化的研究加以总结,为发展新的转化技术,拓展应用范围提供参考. 相似文献
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可再生生物质资源的能源化利用能有效缓解能源短缺和环境恶化的双重压力。木质纤维素类生物质原料通过催化转化途径可以转化成为用途广泛的平台化合物,如呋喃类化合物、多元醇和有机酸及其酯类衍生物等。以这些平台化合物为原料,通过基元反应的转化可以制备高附加值的生物质基液体燃料。基于上述背景,本文概述了国内外木质纤维素通过不同催化转化途径制备各种新能源平台化合物的研究进展。目前木质纤维素制备新能源平台化合物的可行途径主要包括液体酸催化、固体酸催化、离子液体催化和多功能材料催化。在介绍这些催化途径的同时,重点讨论了所使用的催化剂,分析了仍然存在的问题和可能的解决措施,同时对今后该领域的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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生物质转化合成新能源化学品乙酰丙酸酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生物质是唯一可替代化石资源获取液态燃料和化学品的可再生资源,近年来由生物质转化合成乙酰丙酸酯引起了研究者们越来越广泛的关注。乙酰丙酸酯是一类重要的化学中间体和新能源化学品,具有高的反应特性和广泛的工业应用价值。目前开发的从生物质资源出发转化合成乙酰丙酸酯的潜在合成途径可概括为4种:直接酸催化醇解法、经乙酰丙酸酯化、经5-氯甲基糠醛醇解和经糠醇醇解。本文分别介绍了这4种转化合成途径的化学反应过程及最新研究进展,从反应合成工艺、催化体系、经济可行性等方面评述了各自的特点与发展趋势,并分析了目前工业规模转化生物质合成乙酰丙酸酯仍面临的一些科学难点。最后,对今后该领域的研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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5-乙氧基甲基糠醛(EMF)被认为是可替代化石能源的非常有前途的新型液态生物燃料,近年来由生物质资源制备EMF引起了国内外越来越广泛的关注。目前开发的合成EMF途径主要以糖类化合物(如果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、菊糖等)为原料,在乙醇溶剂中通过酸催化反应获得。本文针对EMF合成的化学反应过程及最新研究进展进行了综述,着重从反应起始原料、催化合成技术、催化行为与特点、过程经济可行性等方面对其进行评述和对比,并分析了目前工业规模转化生物质资源合成EMF仍面临的科学难点,对今后该领域的研究前景进行了展望,指出未来研究应朝着反应高效化、环境友好化及资源可持续利用方向深入开展。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献