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1.
电催化还原二氧化碳制备甲酸是备受关注的热点问题。而电极材料是决定还原效率的重要因素。本文通过电沉积方法在泡沫铜上直接制备纳米结构硫化亚铜薄膜,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对其结构性能进行了系统研究。以硫化亚铜作为阴极电催化材料、0.5 mol·L-1 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的乙腈溶液为电解液,在该体系中可高效催化转化二氧化碳为甲酸。结果表明,这一电解体系可有效实现电化学反应,甲酸的法拉第效率(FEHCOOH)可以达到85%,同时甲酸还原电流密度可达到5.3 mA·cm-2。  相似文献   

2.
氨气作为一种工业原料,具有良好的储氢性能,在工业,农业,药品生产等很多领域得到了广泛的应用.电化学氮还原以清洁能源氢作为原料,反应条件温和,近些年来受到了科学家们的广泛关注.对近些年来电化学氮还原(NRR)催化剂的发展与研究进行了综述,并对它们的合成方法,性能及稳定性进行了深入探讨.  相似文献   

3.
单原子催化剂在光催化二氧化碳还原中的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过光催化技术将二氧化碳转化成增值的含碳化学品或燃料是解决能源危机和温室效应的一种可持续性方法. 开发高效、 廉价及高稳定性的光催化剂是提高光催化二氧化碳还原(CO2RR)效率所面临的一大挑战. 单原子催化剂由于具有原子利用率高及电子环境可调等特性而在催化领域被广泛研究. 在光催化二氧化碳还原中, 金属单原子的加入不仅可调节光催化剂的能带结构及吸光性能等物理性质, 还可以有效提高其光生电荷转移效率, 并为研究光催化反应机理提供理想的平台. 近年来, 单原子光催化剂在二氧化碳还原领域的研究发展迅速. 本文综合评述了单原子催化剂在光还原二氧化碳反应中的研究进展, 介绍了不同载体的单原子催化剂的典型研究成果, 并展望了未来的研究趋势.  相似文献   

4.
三相界面电催化二氧化碳还原研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
马一宁  施润  张铁锐 《化学学报》2021,79(4):369-377
电催化二氧化碳还原是能源化学及催化科学的研究重点与难点.气-固-液三相界面模型作为物理化学中的基本概念,近年来被越来越多地应用于电催化二氧化碳还原反应的研究,其相比于传统固-液两相体系表现出了诸多优点.本综述阐述了三相界面电催化二氧化碳还原研究进展,对三相界面电催化体系进行分类及原理探究.再具体到二氧化碳还原反应,讨论...  相似文献   

5.
电催化方法还原二氧化碳制备高附加值化学品,在降低二氧化碳浓度、平衡碳循环和储存可再生途径产生的电能等方面展现较大潜力。通过设计高效电催化剂来降低二氧化碳电催化还原过程所需的过电位并提高产物的选择性和电流密度,对电催化还原二氧化碳的发展和应用具有重要意义。本文总结了金属氧化物基材料作为电催化剂在二氧化碳电还原中的最新研究进展,深入探讨了金属氧化物在催化反应中的作用、稳定性及结构性能关系,并对金属氧化物基材料在二氧化碳电还原中未来的设计和研究方向做出思考。  相似文献   

6.
The CO2 level in the atmosphere has been increasing since the industrial revolution owing to anthropogenic activities. The increased CO2 level has led to global warming and also has detrimental effects on human beings. Reducing the CO2 level in the atmosphere is urgent for balancing the carbon cycle. In this regard, reduction in CO2 emission and CO2 storage and usage are the main strategies. Among these, CO2 usage has been extensively explored, because it can reduce the CO2 level and simultaneously provide opportunities for the development in catalysts and industries to convert CO2 as a carbon source for preparing valuable products. However, transformation of CO2 to other chemicals is challenging owing to its thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities. Among the CO2 utilization techniques, electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is a promising alternative because it is generally conducted under ambient conditions, and water is used as the economical hydrogen source. Moreover, ECR offers a potential route to store electrical energy from renewable sources in the form of chemical energy, through generation of CO2 reduction products. To improve the energy efficiency and viability of ECR, it is important to decrease the operational overpotential and maintain large current densities and high product selectivities; the development of efficient electrocatalysts is a critical aspect in this regard. To date, many kinds of materials have been designed and studied for application in ECR. Among these materials, metal oxide-based materials exhibit excellent performance as electrocatalysts for ECR and are attracting increasing attention in recent years. Investigation of the mechanism of reactions that involve metallic electrocatalysts has revealed the function of trace amount of oxidized metal species—it has been suggested that the presence of metal oxides and metal-oxygen bonds facilitates the activation of CO2 and the subsequent formation and stabilization of the reaction intermediates, thereby resulting in high efficiency and selectivity of the ECR. Although the stability of metal oxides is a concern as they are prone to reduction under a cathodic potential, the catalytic performance of metal oxide-based catalysts can be maintained through careful designing of the morphology and structure of the materials. In addition, introducing other metal species to metal oxides and fabricating composites of metal oxides and other materials are effective strategies to achieve enhanced performance in ECR. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the use of metal oxide-based materials as electrocatalysts and their application in ECR. The critical role, stability, and structure-performance relationship of the metal oxide-based materials for ECR are highlighted in the discussion. In the final part, we propose the future prospects for the development of metal oxide-based electrocatalysts for ECR.  相似文献   

7.
近年来, 二氧化碳过量排放所引发的全球变暖等气候问题引起了全世界的广泛关注, 碳减排已成为人类社会可持续发展面临的共同挑战. 利用电化学方法将二氧化碳转化为高附加值化学品是实现碳减排和二氧化碳高附加值利用的理想途径之一, 但仍面临能耗高、 二氧化碳转化率低、 产物选择性差和难分离等问题. 本文以电还原二氧化碳制草酸为例, 从反应机理、 催化剂、 电解液、 催化电极及反应器等方面介绍该反应的研究进展, 对当前二氧化碳电还原制草酸存在的关键问题进行了分析, 并对其未来研究方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

8.
周睿  韩娜  李彦光 《电化学》2019,25(4):445-454
二氧化碳(CO2)作为一种经济、安全、可再生的碳资源化合物,其高效回收利用一直是全社会关注的焦点. 利用电化学方法,将CO2还原转化生成一系列高附加值的化学品或燃料,对于缓解能源与环境双重压力具有重要的现实意义. 本论文介绍了电化学CO2还原反应的基本原理与过程,综述了近年来铋基催化材料的发展现状,重点对这类催化材料的制备合成、结构调控、催化反应机理研究等方面进行了总结,最后对其未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望.  相似文献   

9.
研究了3种不同阳极(铜丝,镀锌铁丝和镍丝)材料对在熔盐中电化学还原CO_(2)制备的碳材料结构和形貌的影响,并探究了制备的3种碳材料,中空四面体碳(HQC,Cu作为阳极时的还原产物)、碳纳米片(CNS,Fe作为阳极时的还原产物)和海绵状多孔碳(SPC,Ni作为阳极时的还原产物),对2电子氧还原反应(2e;ORR)的电催化性能。研究表明,使用镀锌铁丝作为阳极材料制备的CNS由大量的碳纳米片构成,且该纳米片上具有丰富的孔洞结构以及较大的I_(D)/I_(C)(Raman光谱中D峰与G峰的强度之比,其比值反映材料的缺陷程度)值(0.996)。与HQC和SPC相比,CNS表现出最高的2e;ORR电催化活性和H_(2)O_(2)选择性(接近90%)。CNS的高活性和高选择性归因于其高的I_(D)/I_(C)值和高C—O/C=O比值,说明结构缺陷和C—O/C=O官能团对CNS催化性能至关重要。此外,CNS还具有非常优异的电催化稳定性,在长达14 h的恒电压电化学催化测试后,环电流几乎无衰减。这种以CO_(2)为碳源合成可用于电催化合成过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))的碳材料的方法,不仅可以作为缓解温室效应的潜在选项,也为CO_(2)衍生碳的实际应用提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

10.
光热催化还原技术是二氧化碳资源化的研究热点之一。设计高效的新型催化剂材料,是构建有效的光热催化反应体系的重要内容,而开发与催化材料适配的反应器,则可以最大化地发挥催化剂的性能,是光热催化放大反应的关键。本文综述了光热催化反应器的不同形式,讨论了光热催化关键变量温度、光照、给料类型和运行方式对反应器设计的影响。总结了反应器设计的局限性和挑战性,为光热催化还原二氧化碳的技术发展提出了展望。  相似文献   

11.
研究了Sn气体扩散电极(SGDE)上电化学还原CO2制甲酸(ERCF)性能的稳定性。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)和活性表面积测试等技术手段 分别表征SGDE在电化学还原CO2制甲酸过程前后的物相结构、表面形貌、元素组成和活性表面积。 采用生成甲酸的法拉第效率(fHCOOH)评价SGDE上电化学还原CO2制甲酸的性能。 结果显示,fHCOOH随电解时间的延长急剧地降低,电解时间12 h的fHCOOH((36.6±1.6)%)比电解时间0.5 h时的fHCOOH((78.5±0.1)%)降低了53%。 SGDE在12 h电还原反应后,表面沉积了微量Fe,而且Sn含量(质量分数)减少了66%,活性表面积降低了41%。 进一步的研究发现,沉积的微量Fe对电化学还原CO2制甲酸过程基本没有影响,Sn含量和活性表面积的降低可能是SGDE上电化学还原CO2制甲酸性能降低的主要原因。  相似文献   

12.
    
Catalysts are required to ensure electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels proceeds at industrially acceptable rates and yields. As such, highly active and selective catalysts must be developed. Herein, a density functional theory study of p-block element and noble metal doped graphene-based single-atom catalysts in two defect sites for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOOH is systematically undertaken. It is found that on all of the systems considered, the thermodynamic product is HCOOH. Pb/C3, Pb/N4 and Sn/C3 are identified as having the lowest overpotential for HCOOH production while Al/C3, Al/N4, Au/C3 and Ga/C3 are identified as having the potential to form higher order products due to the strength of binding of adsorbed HCOOH.  相似文献   

13.
14.
    
Mesoporous bismuth nanosheets are prepared through electrochemical transformation of (100)-facet exposed BiOI. Theoretical modeling and calculations are used to simulate the in situ morphological transformation of BiOI into Bi. Mesoporous Bi nanosheets show superior electrochemical CO2 reduction performance. A faradaic efficiency of 95.9 % at −0.77 VRHE for the conversion of CO2 into formic acid, is achieved for the mesoporous Bi nanosheet catalyst compared with 93.8 % at −0.87 VRHE for the smooth Bi nanosheets. Tafel analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the electrochemical CO2 reduction on mesoporous Bi nanosheets is kinetically faster with a higher resistance to H2 generation than that on smooth Bi(001) nanosheets. The CO2-to-HCOOH pathway is preferred through formation of an *OCHO intermediate on the (012) and (001) planes of Bi. The mesoporous structure induces a more accessible interaction with CO2, which makes a predominant contribution to the enhanced performance compared with the subsequent CO2 activation on different facets of Bi.  相似文献   

15.
    
《中国化学》2018,36(6):538-544
Bi‐ and Y‐codoped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized through a sol‐gel method, and they were applied in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formic acid under visible light irradiation. The results revealed that, after doping Bi and Y, the surface area of TiO2 was increased from 5.4 to 93.1 m2/g when the mole fractions of doping Bi and Y were 1.0% and 0.5%, respectively, and the lattice structures of the photocatalysts changed and the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the photocatalysts formed, which would act as the electron capture centers and slow down the recombination of photo‐induced electron and hole. The photocurrent spectra also proved that the photocatalysts had better electronic transmission capacities. The HCOOH yield in CO2 photocatalytic reduction was 747.82 μmol/gcat by using 1% Bi‐0.5% Y‐TiO2 as a photocatalyst. The HCOOH yield was 1.17 times higher than that by using 1% Bi‐TiO2, and 2.23 times higher than that by using pure TiO2. Furthermore, the 1% Bi‐0.5% Y‐TiO2 showed the highest apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 4.45%.  相似文献   

16.
    
Dual role for CO(2) : Pure formic acid can be obtained continuously by hydrogenation of CO(2) in a single processing unit. An immobilized ruthenium organometallic catalyst and a nonvolatile base in an ionic liquid (IL) are combined with supercritical CO(2) as both reactant and extractive phase.  相似文献   

17.
    
Associating a metal‐based catalyst to a carbon‐based nanomaterial is a promising approach for the production of solar fuels from CO2. Upon appending a CoII quaterpyridine complex [Co(qpy)]2+ at the surface of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, CO2 conversion into CO was realized in water at pH 7.3 with 100 % catalytic selectivity and 100 % Faradaic efficiency, at low catalyst loading and reduced overpotential. A current density of 0.94 mA cm?2 was reached at ?0.35 V vs. RHE (240 mV overpotential), and 9.3 mA cm?2 could be sustained for hours at only 340 mV overpotential with excellent catalyst stability (89 095 catalytic cycles in 4.5 h), while 19.9 mA cm?2 was met at 440 mV overpotential. Such a hybrid material combines the high selectivity of a homogeneous molecular catalyst to the robustness of a heterogeneous material. Catalytic performances compare well with those of noble‐metal‐based nano‐electrocatalysts and atomically dispersed metal atoms in carbon matrices.  相似文献   

18.
    
Selective electrochemical conversion of CO2 to HCOOH is obtained at the surface of a carbon-supported bimetallic cathode material composed of copper and palladium nanoparticles. Polycrystalline copper or large copper particles are well-known to catalyze CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons at relatively negative potentials, or when their surface is covered by copper oxides (Cu2O and CuO). Cu-based materials modified by various palladium contents (0<×<100), were synthesized by using the microwave-assisted polyol method to serve as a cathode in the selective CO2-into-HCOOH transformation. Herein, we developed a targeted preparation route toward the metal content/catalytic activity relationship correlating atomic ratio with faradaic efficiency (FE) to formate formation (ca. 60 % FE) at −0.72 V vs. RHE, which represents a 703 mV overpotential at pH=7. Consequently, the occurrence of this reduction reaction slows down the parallel H2 production from the solvent consumption, while the neighboring Cu−Pd provides excellent activity and a good efficiency toward CO2 reduction via the hydridation of the CO2 molecule to orientate the reaction to formate rather than carbon monoxide or H2 evolution.  相似文献   

19.
将二氧化碳通过电化学方法转化为化工原料再利用,不仅可以有效缓减温室效应,而且可以实现自然界的碳循环,对绿色化学与可持续发展意义重大. 本文简要地介绍了二氧化碳电还原的优势及其基本反应原理并综述了近年来基于纳米金属催化剂的一系列活性增强策略的研究进展. 重点探究了合金效应、界面工程、协同效应、缺陷工程以及载体效应等对纳米金属电催化还原二氧化碳性能的影响及相关反应机理. 基于以上策略,提出未来开发面向工业化应用的二氧化碳电还原催化剂面临的挑战与前景.  相似文献   

20.
It has been shown it is possible to reduce carbon dioxide electrochemically using benzil as a homogeneous electron transfer agent. It was found that oxalic acid is the basic product formed during the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 29–32, January–February, 2006.  相似文献   

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