内蒙古牧区蒙、汉族人发铜、锌、铁、锶及钙的X-射线荧光光谱法测定

用X-射线荧光光谱法，测定了387例内蒙古牧区蒙古族、汉族成人和儿童的发中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、锶(St)及钙(Ca)的含量，对同一地区蒙、汉族成人间，成人及儿童间发中五种元素含量进行了比较分析。结果表明：蒙汉族成人发中Cu，Zn、Fe含量不受种族及饮食习惯的影响，其含量无显著性差异；蒙汉族成人发中Sr和Ca含量存在着相平行的显著差异；牧区儿童发Zn含量与牧区成人发Zn含量差异无显著性意义，提示牧区儿童不缺Zn，可能与多动物性食物有关；牧区儿童发中Cu、Fe、Sr、Ca均显著低于牧区成人、可能与儿童发育旺盛和Zn摄入量高对Cu、Fe吸收发生抑制有关。     

百岁老人头发中矿物元素检测分析

应用美国的Ｐｌａｓｍａ－Ｓｐｅｃ光谱仪检测了３１例百岁老人头发中铁、铅、铜、钙、铝、锶、镍、锰、镉１０种元素和含量，并与健康成人组对照比较，发现百岁组发锌、铁增高和发锶、锰、钙、铜减低，与成人组比较有显著差异，另虽发铅、镉、镍增高和发铝减低但与成人组比较，并无统计学意义，文中还对矿物元素分析对健康长寿与疾病的作用进行初步探讨。     

过渡金属配合物Cd[(phen)2(NO3)2]与DNA相互作用的研究

本文合成并表征了过渡金属配合物Cd[(phen)2(NO3)2]，运用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、黏度实验、分子模拟以及量子化学计算等方法研究了配合物与DNA的键合作用，结果表明配合物与DNA之间仅存在较弱的小沟键合作用；另外，凝胶电泳实验表明无论抗坏血酸存在与否配合物都几乎不切割DNA，而镉离子在相同的条件下却能够很好的切割DNA，所以我们可以看出镉配合物的生成减小了镉离子对DNA的损伤，从而在一定程度上降低了镉的致癌性，为降低隔的毒性提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于外管进样增强信号技术的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品中铅和镉的含量

考虑到市售氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪载气由石英原子化器内管载入，载气流量较小(300～600 mL·min^-1,测定铅和镉),产生的铅、镉荧光强度较小，因此改造了此仪器的石英原子化器中载气和辅助气的流路，将内管进样改为外管进样，同时优化了助剂及载流，并进行了方法学验证。样品经酸溶液处理后，用改造的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪分析。结果显示：相较于内管进样，外管进样可将载气流量提升至1 000～1 400 mL·min^-1,载带的氢化气更多，氢化气和氢气混合气能更快地与石英套管上端的加热炉丝接触而点燃；内管输入辅助气(氩气),会将氢火焰焰炬向上适度抬升，形成的焰炬更稳定，体积也更大。以铁氰化钾和镉增敏剂作助剂，可以显著增强铅、镉荧光强度；以水替代传统稀酸作载流，交替进样时试验空白中铅、镉荧光强度的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)均小于3.0%,适用于小批量样品检测；铅、镉标准曲线的线性范围分别在10.00μg·L^-1和0.50μg·L^-1以内，检出限(3s/k)分别为3.5μg·kg^-1     

镉-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-溴化十六烷基三甲铵荧光光度法的研究及其应用

对于镉-铁试剂的二元配合物已有研究,而对在此体系中加入表面活性剂的研究尚未见报道。我们对镉-铁试剂-CTMAB体系进行了研究,由于加入了CTMAB,荧光强度提高了六倍多。我们用平衡移动法测定了三元配合物的组成,研究了共存物质的干扰,拟定了水样和发样中微量镉的测定方法,灵敏度可达2×10~(-3)μgCd/ml。     

不同年龄阶段儿童头发锌、铜、铅、镉含量比较

采用电位溶出法检测了９５３例正常儿童发锌,铜,铅,镉含量,得出深圳地区不同年龄组男,女儿童的正常参考值,同时对各元素进行了年龄组间及性别间的比较。结果显示,除发锌无显著性别差异外,男童发铜,铅,镉含量显著高于女童（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,随着年龄的增长,儿童发锌含量逐渐上升,而发铜,铅,镉水平逐渐下降。     

同时测定癌症病人血液中锌镉铅铜的微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法

用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法同时测定癌症病人血液中的锌、镉、铅和铜，以为癌症与这4种微量元素在血液中含量的相关性研究提供实验数据；癌症病人血液用硝酸-高氯酸消化，消化后的白色固体加水溶解，以0．100mol/L硫酸铵为底液，在三电极体系中进行测定，以峰电位定性，峰电流定量；用该法测定了3种癌症病人血液中的锌、镉、铅和铜，相对标准偏差为2．9％—3．3％(n＝6)，加标回收率为98％—110％；该法不用除氧、干扰少、分辨率好、准确度高，适用于临床血液中锌、镉、铅和铜的测定和研究。     

四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉荧光熄灭法测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)

利用TPPS₄催化动力学荧光测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)已有报道^[1],而利用四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉(TAPP)的荧光熄灭测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)的工作尚未见报道.本文研究了室温下Cd(Ⅱ)-TAPP反应体系的荧光光谱特性,发现Cd(Ⅱ)-TAPP的形成使TAPP的荧光发生静态熄灭.利用咪唑(Imid)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和乙醇增敏、增稳,最低可检测3×10^-4ppmCd(Ⅱ),灵敏度高于其它方法^[2].测定了胶印锌片和人发中的镉,结果与标准值或方法对照值吻合.     

1-[2,3,5-三氮唑偶氮]-2-萘酚的合成及其与镉显色反应研究

合成了 1 -[2 ,3 ,5-三氮唑偶氮 ]-2 -萘酚 (简称 TNAN) ,研究了它与镉显色反应。结果表明 :在 Triton X-1 0 0存在下 ,p H7.0～ 8.7时 Cd( )与试剂形成 1∶ 2的红色络合物 ,ε=1 .79× 1 0 5L· mol- 1· cm- 1,镉浓度在 0～ 0 .8mg/ L范围内服从比耳定律。可用于水样和发样中徽量镉的测定     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定人发中镉和铅

本法用酸消化发样,然后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定其中的镉和铅。该法与萃取火焰原子吸收法比较,其优点是操作简便,灵敏度和准确度较高。测定镉和铅的最低量分别为2×10~(12)克、1.6×10~(11)克;相对标准偏差分别为0.005,0.095;回收率分别为95—108％、96.3—104％。     

硒、钙等元素在四川省阿坝州大骨节病区人发中的含量特征

大骨节病是一种地方性骨关节疾病,国内外学者经历160年的研究,病因假说上百种,但至今仍无定论。四川省阿坝州是中国大骨节病发病率较高的病区之一,为了查明病区人体中元素含量特征,采用人发作为测量介质进行对比研究,样本采集包含了健康、大骨节病Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类等人群。通过对比人发样品硒、钙、镉、氟分析结果,发现发病人群人发中硒、钙含量随着患病程度的加重,呈现下降的趋势,而镉、氟含量随着病情的加重呈现上升的趋势。与男性患病者相比,女性病人人发中钙、镉、氟略高,而硒元素较低。不同年龄段人发样品对比发现,随着年龄的增大,人发中钙、硒含量略有降低。建议合理调节大骨节病区人们的饮食结构,以高钙、硒等食物为主。     

Cadmium and zinc determination by neutron activation analysis and biochemical tests in tissues of workers professionally exposed to cadmium

Cadmium and zinc levels in urine, serum, hair obtained from workers professionally exposed to cadmium oxide dust and from a control, nonoccupationally exposed group were determined by neutron activation analysis. The study was completed by biochemical monitoring tests such as the ₂ (₂-MG) determination in urine and serum and the -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) determination in blood. Significantly increased levels of cadmium in urine, serum, and hair, ₂-MG in urine and serum, ALAD in blood and decreased levels of zinc in serum were found in the exposed group compared to the control group. The most distinct differences of the parameters studied were observed for cadmium in hair. Correlations among the parameters were preliminary evaluated, too. For quality assurance purposes, the cadmium and zinc concentrations were determined in biological (standard) reference materials NBS SRM-1577 Bovine Liver, Bowen's Kale, IAEA A-11 Milk Powder, and IAEA H-8 Horse Kidney.     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定环境和生物样品中的镉

应用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱（ID—ICP—MS）对环境和生物样品茶叶、湖沉积物和人发标准物质中的镉进行测定研究。对电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）的工作条件和参数进行了最优化。讨论了多原子离子和同量异位素对镉同位素比值的影响,通过天然镉标准溶液对质量歧视进行了校正,并优化同位素稀释剂的加入量。将该方法应用于茶叶、人发和沉积物标准物质的测定。     

头发监测镉暴露

综述了头发镉测定在镉暴露监督中的意义和作用 ,内容包括 :( 1 )生态地理环境的反映 ;( 2 )体镉负荷的指示器 ;( 3 )镉肾病的早期预测。     

Removal of exogenously bound elements from human hair by various washing procedures and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A review of the literature shows that a variety of washing procedures to remove external contamination from hair have been proposed, but as yet no standardised procedures are available. In this study, methods for the pre-treatment and determination of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium in human hair by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are developed.Investigations of various washing procedures to remove external contaminants show that in unexposed hair samples cadmium, lead and mercury are significantly removed from hair using a 0.1 M HCl wash, with 87, 73 and 5%, respectively being washed-off. The removal of antimony, arsenic and chromium from unexposed hair is, however, more efficient with 1% (v/v) sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), with 43, 40 and 13% of each element, respectively being washed-off. Selenium is not removed from the hair by any of the washing methods studied. For the digestion of hair samples a digestion mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide is used.Experiments with simulated sweat spiked with each of these elements show that exogenously bound chromium, cadmium and lead are removed after washing with 0.1 M HCl. In contrast, antimony, arsenic, selenium and mercury irreversibly bind and, thus, are not removed with any of the washing solutions investigated. This work also compares hair levels of these elements in an unexposed and exposed group using the method developed.     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定头发中的镉

采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定了头发中微量镉。样品用硝酸-高氯酸消化,用30 g/L的硼氢化钾作还原剂,在0.11 mol/L的硫酸介质中测定,方法的检出限为0.08 ng/mL,方法的精密度为1.21%,回收率为96%~110%。     

The Simultaneous Determination of Cu Ph Cd and Sb by Derivative Adsorption Chronopotentiometry

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an effective electroanalytical technique for themeasurement of trace metal ions. But there are serious interferences due to overlappingstripping peaks and forming of intermetallic complex in complicated system. The peak ofcopper (ASV) is close to that of mercury. So the result of determination of copper is notsatisfactory. Adsorption chronopotentiometry was reported by H.Eskilsson et al i. In thismethod, instead of electrolytic accumulation of metal io…     

The Simultaneous Determination of Cu Pb Cd and Sb by Derivative Adsorption Chronopotentiometry

The behaviour of the complexes of copper,lead,cadmium and antimony with salicylfluorone(SAF)adsorbed on HMDE has been investigated by derivative chrono potentiometry in NH3/NH4C1.The dependence of the peak height on the dt/dE vs E curve on preconcentration time,the pH of solution and the constant reducing current are discussed.This method achieved the simultaneous determination of copper,lead,cadmium and antimony in human hair.     

Flow injection determination of lead and cadmium in hair samples from workers exposed to welding fumes

A flow injection procedure involving continuous acid leaching for lead and cadmium determination in hair samples of persons in permanent contact with a polluted workplace environment by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed. Variables such as sonication time, nature and concentration of the acid solution used as leaching solution, leaching temperature, flow-rate of the continuous manifold, leaching solution volume and hair particle size were simultaneously studied by applying a Plackett–Burman design approach. Results showed that nitric acid concentration (leaching solution), leaching temperature and sonication time were statistically significant variables (confidence interval of 95%). These last two variables were finally optimised by using a central composite design. The proposed procedure allowed the determination of cadmium and lead with limits of detection 0.1 and 1.0 μg g⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of the developed procedure was evaluated by the analysis of a certified reference material (CRM 397, human hair, from the BCR). The proposed method was applied with satisfactory results to the determination of Cd and Pb in human hair samples of workers exposed to welding fumes.     

Radiochemical determination of mercury,arsenic, cadmium,zinc and copper in biological materials

Extraction procedure for mercury, arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc in biological materials is proposed. Mercury and copper are extracted with dithizone followed by the separation of mercury with tri-octyl-amine (TOA). Arsenic, cadmium and zinc are extracted as diethyldithiocarbamates. The procedure is applied for the analysis of some reference materials and autopsy human samples of kidneys, liver, heart, spleen and hair.