Analysis of twisted nematic liquid crystal Fabry–Perot interferometer (TN-FPI) filter based on the coupled mode theory

The tuning characteristics of a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) wavelength filter, which is a basic component of wavelength division multiplexed transmission systems, is analyzed using coupled mode theory. First, a simplified modeling of the refractive index change in the LC layer is presented. Next, various characteristics of the eigen polarization modes of the LC medium and the cavity are derived analytically. Finally, the qualitative interpretation of the behavior of the FPI's resonance spectrum are given.     

Simple system for evaluating retardation of liquid crystal cells using grating type liquid crystal polarization splitters

We propose a unique optical system for measuring the retardation of birefringent films using a pair of liquid crystal (LC) gratings; that is, the examined birefringent films are inserted between two LC gratings. Because the LC grating functions as a polarization beam splitter for circularly polarized light, the proposed system is optically equivalent to the measurement system using a pair of two circular polarizers. First, the polarization splitting performance of the LC grating is discussed. It is found that a sufficiently high voltage (such that the retardation is less than a half wavelength) has to be applied for the almost pure circularly polarized diffracted light. Next, the measurement of the retardation of a homogeneous LC cell as an examined birefringent film was demonstrated using the proposed method. The proposed method is revealed to have the same measurement performance as that of the conventional method using a pair of linear polarizers and has an advantage that there is no need for the optic axis of the test birefringent specimen to be set at a specific angle.     

一维液晶光子晶体透射谱的研究

一维液晶光子晶体在光滤波器、低阈值激光器和光开关等领域有着很好的应用前景。研究了一维液晶光子晶体的透射谱,电压范围在0～10V内,光谱调谐范围约为50nm,透射峰半高宽为18nm,禁带宽度近400nm。进一步提出了非偏振光型液晶光子晶体,设计了相互垂直0°扭曲取向的双液晶层一维液晶光子晶体器件。双液晶层起到了对各向偏振光光程的补偿作用,使得禁带中的两个透射峰合并为一个透射峰,加强了光强度,增强了滤波性能。     

弹光调制型成像光谱偏振仪中的高精度偏振信息探测研究

提出了一种基于三弹光调制器的差频偏振调制方法, 并结合声光可调谐滤波技术构成了新型弹光调制型成像光谱偏振探测仪(photo-elastic modulator-based imaging spectro-polarimeter, PEM-ISP). 介绍了PEM-ISP及三弹光差频偏振调制方法的基本工作原理, 并从PEM-ISP的探测原理出发, 通过分析和计算PEM-ISP的Mueller矩阵, 推导出了相应的偏振测量公式; 通过仿真及实验验证了三弹光差频偏振调制方法的可行性和准确性; 最后分析了探测积分步长、采样间隔的选取对偏振测量的影响, 对入射视场角、相位延迟幅值等因素所带来的测量误差进行了初步分析. 结果表明, 1%的相位延迟量误差带来的线偏振度DoLP误差 <0.6%. 本研究为新型PEM-ISP的遥感探测以及Stokes参量的反演的进一步工程化实现提供了必要的理论依据. 关键词： 偏振调制 三弹光调制器 差频 成像光谱偏振仪     

Structure of polarization-resolved conoscopic patterns of planar oriented liquid crystal cells

The geometry of distributions of the polarization of light in conoscopic patterns of planar oriented nematic and cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) cells is described in terms of the polarization singularities including C-points (points of circular polarization) and L lines (lines of linear polarization). Conditions for the formation of polarization singularities (C-points) in an ensemble of conoscopic patterns parametrized by the polarization azimuth and ellipticity of the incident light wave have been studied. A characteristic feature of these conditions is selectivity with respect to the polarization parameters of the incident light wave. The polarization azimuth and ellipticity are determining parameters for nematic and cholesteric LC cells, respectively.     

A Circularly Polarized Stacked Patch Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna for 2.6 GHz Band

A circularly polarized stacked patch microstrip antenna and a 2 × 2 subarray for circular polarization are proposed in this paper. The proposed design has the input impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of about 10% and 4.7% respectively. Circular polarization is obtained with the help of slits cut in the patch. A size reduction of around 37% is also achieved with the help of the slits. A subarray based on sequentially rotated feeding technique for circular polarization is also presented in this paper. Array element was deigned using a high dielectric constant laminate for feed network. In addition to low boresight axial-ratio, the subarray has impedance and 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidths of 12% and 8% respectively.     

Narrow-bandwidth tunable bandstop filters with circularly cylindrical self-suspended silicon gratings

A circularly cylindrical self-suspended silicon grating (SSG) is proposed, and its reflectance spectrum is investigated by the rigorous coupled-wave method (RCWM). For TM incident polarization, when the grating period is tuned, numerical results by the RCWM reveal that the circularly cylindrical SSG possesses a tunable narrow reflectance bandwidth property in the optical telecommunication wavelength region. It is also demonstrated that both TM incident polarization and the circular grating cross section are easier to bring narrow reflectance bandwidth, compared with TE incident polarization and square grating cross section. Via a micro-electromechanical systems actuator, the proposed circularly cylindrical SSG is expected to serve as a narrow-bandwidth tunable bandstop filter in micro-optical telecommunication systems.     

Statistical properties of polarization image and despeckling method by multiresolution block-matching 3D filter

The theoretical and experimental investigations on the polarization imagery system of speckle statistical characteristics and speckle removing method are researched. A method to obtain two images encoded by polarization degree with a single measurement process is proposed. A theoretical model for polarization imagery system on Müller matrix is proposed. According to modern charge coupled device (CCD) imaging characteristics, speckles are divided into two kinds, namely small speckle and big speckle. Based on this model, a speckle reduction algorithm based on a dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) and blockmatching 3D filter (BM3D) is proposed (DTBM3D). Original laser image data transformed by logarithmic compression is decomposed by DTCWT into approximation and detail subbands. Bilateral filtering is applied to the approximation subbands, and a suited BM3D filter is applied to the detail subbands. The despeckling results show that contrast improvement index and edge preserve index outperform those of traditional methods. The researches have important reference value in research of speckle noise level and removing speckle noise.     

基于双AOTF的新型成像光谱偏振探测系统

声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)具有体积小、波长稳定性好、扫描范围宽、调制速度快等优点,在光谱成像中被广泛应用,但单独采用AOTF的成像光谱偏振探测还较少。为此提出只采用两个AOTF的成像光谱偏振探测新方法。该方法首先通过分束镜将入射光分成两束,两束光分别通过两个AOTF,而两个AOTF的正一级衍射光的偏振方向互成45°,由于AOTF的正一级衍射光的偏振方向互相垂直,因此两个AOTF的正负一级分别可得到0°,45°,90°和135°的光强,在测量中需保持两个AOTF的滤光所对应的波长完全相等。最后通过对两个AOTF的正负一级衍射成像,最终得到Stokes偏振信息中S₀(0°和90°光强和)、S₁(0°和90°光强差)和S₂(45°和135°光强差),结合相应的理论公式对被测目标的线偏振度(DoLP)和线偏振角(AoLP)实现成像。再通过对AOTF的射频驱动进行扫频,实现对被测目标不同波长偏振成像,最终实现成像光谱偏振探测。并通过对500,550和600 nm偏振成像进行实验验证。该方法具有无运动部件、无需转动、一次测量同时获得成像光谱偏振信息的优点。     

一种光谱偏振成像系统设计及应用

为了获取目标和背景的偏振信息,提高地面目标识别的准确度,提出一种光谱偏振成像探测系统。该系统采用旋转偏振片的方式对入射光的偏振状态进行调制,通过旋转滤光片进行光谱选择,从而实现光谱偏振成像探测。通过对该系统偏振度的探测精度进行实验测试,结果表明,所设计的光谱偏振成像探测系统达到4%的探测精度。利用该系统对地物背景中的迷彩伪装板进行了探测实验,分析所得的偏振度图像发现,目标在背景中较为明显,与草地及土壤背景区域偏振度的差值分别达到0.292和0.283。     

烟雾环境下的偏振差成像方法

基于激光主动成像的烟雾环境下的目标探测具有重要研究意义,有效抑制光的散射作用是提高烟雾环境下成像质量的关键。根据光的偏振理论,仿真分析了光子单次散射的偏振特性与散射角的变化关系,并利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了光在烟雾环境中传输的偏振特性,提出了利用偏振差法来抑制光散射作用,最后进行了简单的成像实验。结果表明,光在烟雾中传输时散射光主要由小角度散射光构成,仍然保留了初始激光的部分偏振特性,相比于直接灰度成像,偏振差法能够有效滤除小角度散射光的影响,增强成像目标的细节信息和图像的对比度。     

Generation and detection of propagating solitons in shearing liquid crystals

Different methods of generating and detecting propagating solitons in uniform and nonuniform, steady and unsteady shearing nematic liquid crystals are proposed, reviewed, and discussed in detail. These include the use of (1) an external plate moving uniformly in the middle and at one end of the liquid crystal (LC) cell, (2) a LC cell with one glass plate moving uniformly and reversing in direction, (3) an external plate as in (1) but moving periodically, (4) pressure gradients along the long axis of the LC cell, (5) circular LC cell with one glass plate rotating, and (6) circular LC cell with radial pressure gradients. In each of these cases, the relevant equations of motion of the LC molecules are derived and analyzed. In the essentially one-deminsional cases of (1) to (3), the governing equation is the damped, driven since-Gorden equation. Analytic and numerical results of single and multisolitons are presented. A multiscale perturbation method is used in the unsteady case of (4). The related case of soliton switch in ferroelectric smecticC ^* is discussed.Invited paper presented at Conference on Transport and Propagation in Nonlinear Systems, Los Alamos, May 21–25, 1984.     

Surface plasmon resonance polarizator for biosensing and imaging

A novel polarization-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing/imaging scheme is proposed. The scheme uses a periodical spatial phase modulation of the pumping beam of a mixed polarization in the Kretschmann–Raether geometry and takes advantage of SPR-based polarizing effect to drastically absorb p-polarized component changing the resulting polarization state of the beam. The scheme then uses Fourier Transformation to efficiently treat and filter spatially-modulated polarization-sensitive signals and thus to extract and process selected SPR-based response. This approach offers a much higher accuracy of measurements in SPR-based multi-sensing and remote sensing.     

Circular polarization converters based on bi-layered asymmetrical split ring metamaterials

In this paper, a kind of bi-layered asymmetrical split ring metamaterial was proposed as a circular polarization converter. Simulations and experiments at the microwave regime showed that the proposed structures can achieve the conversions from right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves to left-handed ones and the reversed conversions in the opposite propagating direction. The linear to circular polarization transmission coefficients and the surface currents were investigated to understand the mechanism of the circular polarization conversions. Moreover, we optimized the proposed metamaterials by increasing the distance between the two metal layers. The proposed circular polarization converters have applications in microwave wave plates and metamaterial antennas.     

Design of diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasma resonance effect

A novel plasmonic polarization filter based on the diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed. The resonant coupling characteristics of the PCF polarization filter are investigated by the full-vector finite-element method. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the PCF, when the fiber length is 5 mm, the polarization filter has a bandwidth of 990 nm and an extinction ratio(ER) of lower than -20 dB. Moreover, a single wavelength polarization filter can also be achieved, along with an ER of -279.78 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. It is believed that the proposed PCF polarization filter will be very useful in laser and optical communication systems.     

一种液晶透镜盒间隙的测试方法

针对当前液晶透镜盒间隙测试存在的难题, 文中提出采用线偏振干涉法测试方法, 采用光强均匀分布的单色光入射, 检偏器的偏光轴方向与起偏器的偏光轴垂直或者平行, 液晶透镜的液晶取向层的摩擦方向与起偏器偏振轴夹角为45°, 此时干涉条纹亮暗差别最明显. 利用液晶透镜中心保持预倾角不变的透过率以及其他位置透过率最大值来计算液晶透镜的盒间隙, 该方法简单、可靠, 因采用光学手段测试, 其精确度相对较高. 关键词： 液晶透镜 盒间隙 线偏振光干涉 透过率     

Active polarization imaging system to discriminate adaptively with diagonal Mueller matrix

A promising method to optimize the polarization state of two-channel active polarization imaging system is presented. In this method, it is seminal that the detecting function of the imaging system is regarded as a discriminant projection of the observed objects’ polarization features (elements of the Mueller matrix). The polarization state can be seen as a physical classifier which can be obtained by training samples. The image acquired with the system that has the designed optimal polarization state become discriminative results directly. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the discriminative ability of the optimal polarization state are demonstrated by the experimental results.     

A linear-to-circular polarization converter based on I-shaped circular frequency selective surfaces

In this paper, a linear-to-circular polarization converter using a three-layer frequency selective surface based on Ishaped circular structure resonant is presented and investigated. Numerical simulations exhibit that when the normal ypolarized waves impinge on this device propagating towards +z direction, the two orthogonal components of the transmitted waves have a 90° phase difference as well as the nearly equal amplitudes at the resonant frequency of 7.04 GHz, which means that the left-hand circular polarization is realized in transmission. For validating the proposed design, a prototype which consists of 25 × 25 elements has been designed, manufactured and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, showing that the polarization conversion transmission is over-3 dB in the frequency range of 5.22–8.08 GHz and the axial ratio is below 3 dB from 5.86 GHz to 7.34 GHz.     

一种新型多速率归零码全光帧时钟提取系统

提出了一种新型的、低成本的多速率归零(RZ)码全光帧时钟提取方案。采用低精细度的法布里-珀罗滤波器(F-P)直接提取不同速率的帧时钟,保证帧时钟的快速建立和快速消失。利用不同的偏振延时干涉仪(PDI)和低自由光谱区(FSR)的法布里-珀罗滤波器构成组合滤波器以实现多速率帧时钟提取。利用半导体光放大器(SOA)的自增益调制效应(SGM)对组合滤波器提取的帧时钟进行整形,降低帧时钟的幅度噪声和时间抖动。实验中,利用光开关切换不同的偏振延时干涉仪构成不同自由光谱区的组合滤波器实现了10 GHz、20 GHz和40 GHz的帧时钟提取,得到了高质量、低时间抖动的多速率帧时钟信号。