On the uniqueness and stability of solutions of extremal problems for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations

We consider inverse extremal problems for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations. In these problems, one seeks an unknown vector function occurring in the Dirichlet boundary condition for the velocity and the solution of the considered boundary value problem on the basis of the minimization of some performance functional. We derive new a priori estimates for the solutions of the considered extremal problems and use them to prove theorems of the local uniqueness and stability of solutions for specific performance functionals.     

Stability estimates for solutions of control problems for the Maxwell equations with mixed boundary conditions

We consider extremal problems for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with mixed boundary conditions for the electric field. Namely, the tangential component of the electric field is given on one part of the boundary, and an impedance boundary condition is posed on the other part. We prove the solvability of the original mixed boundary value problem and the extremal problem. We obtain sufficient conditions on the input data ensuring the stability of solutions of specific extremal problems under certain perturbations of both the performance functional and some functions occurring in the boundary value problem.     

Best mean-quasiconformal mappings

We look for best mean-quasiconformal mappings as extremals of the functional equal to the integral of the square of the functional of the conformality distortion multiplied by a special weight. The mapping inverse to an extremal is an extremal of the same functional. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the Petrovskii ellipticity of the system of Euler equations for an extremal. We prove the local unique solvability of boundary values problems for this system in the 2-dimensional case. In the general case we prove the unique solvability of boundary value problems for the system linearized at the identity mapping.     

On stability of solutions of the coefficient inverse extremal problems for the stationary convection-diffusion equation

The coefficient inverse extremal problems are studied for the stationary convectiondiffusion equation in a bounded domain under mixed boundary conditions on the boundary of the domain. The role of control is played by the velocity vector of a medium and the functions that are involved in the boundary conditions for temperature. The solvability of the extremal problems is proven both for an arbitrary weakly lower semicontinuous quality functional and for the particular quality functionals. On the basis of analysis of the optimality system some sufficient conditions are established on the initial data providing the uniqueness and stability of optimal solutions under sufficiently small perturbations of both the quality functional and one of the functions involved in the original boundary value problem.     

Sources recovery from boundary data: A model related to electroencephalography

We are concerned with an inverse problem related to sources detection from boundary data in a 2D medium with piecewise constant conductivity. It stands as a 2D version of the inverse problem of electroencephalography, where pointwise sources model epilepsy foci, with the so-called multi-layer spherical model of the head (scalp, skull, brain). When overdetermined electrical measurements (potential and current flux) are available on the scalp, one wants to recover the current sources (conductivity defaults) located in the brain (inner boundary). This recovery issue reduces to a number of inverse problems, where the sources identification process makes use of best rational approximation in the disk, whereas the preliminary cortical mapping step (Cauchy type issue) relies on best constrained harmonic or analytic approximation in an annulus (bounded extremal problems).     

Stability estimates of solutions to extremal problems for a nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation

We consider an identification problem for a stationary nonlinear convection–diffusion–reaction equation in which the reaction coefficient depends nonlinearly on the concentration of the substance. This problem is reduced to an inverse extremal problem by an optimization method. The solvability of the boundary value problem and the extremal problem is proved. In the case that the reaction coefficient is quadratic, when the equation acquires cubic nonlinearity, we deduce an optimality system. Analyzing it, we establish some estimates of the local stability of solutions to the extremal problem under small perturbations both of the quality functional and the given velocity vector which occurs multiplicatively in the convection–diffusion–reaction equation.     

Stability estimates for the solutions of control problems for the stationary magnetohydrodynamic equations

We study control problems for the stationary magnetohydrodynamic equations. In these problems, one has to find an unknown vector function occurring in the boundary condition for the magnetic field and the solution of the boundary value problem in question by minimizing a performance functional depending on the velocity and pressure. We derive new a priori estimates for the solutions of the original boundary value problem and the extremal problem and prove theorems on the local uniqueness and stability of solutions for specific performance functionals.     

On a class of problems of determining the temperature and density of heat sources given initial and final temperature

We consider a class of problems modeling the process of determining the temperature and density of heat sources given initial and finite temperature. Their mathematical statements involve inverse problems for the heat equation in which, solving the equation, we have to find the unknown right-hand side depending only on the space variable. We prove the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the problem, solving the problem independently of whether the corresponding spectral problem (for the operator of multiple differentiation with not strongly regular boundary conditions) has a basis of generalized eigenfunctions.     

一类半线性椭圆型方程的不适定边值问题的最小极值解

本研究Banach空间L^p(Ω）中一类半线性椭圆型方程的不适定边值问题。运用度量广义逆与Schauder不动点定理证得该问题的最小极值解的存在性，应用Banach空间几何与Sobolev空间的方法，给出小极值解的等价条件。本结果，可应用于奇异最优控制问题。     

Identification of a multi-dimensional space-dependent heat source from boundary data

We investigate the linear but ill-posed inverse problem of determining a multi-dimensional space-dependent heat source in the parabolic heat equation from Cauchy boundary data. This model is important in practical applications where the distribution of internal sources is to be monitored and controlled with care and accuracy from non-invasive and non-intrusive boundary measurements only. The mathematical formulation ensures that a solution of the inverse problem is unique but the existence and stability are still issues to be dealt with. Even if a solution exists it is not stable with respect to small noise in the measured boundary data hence the inverse problem is still ill-posed. The Landweber method is developed in order to restore stability through iterative regularization. Furthermore, the conjugate gradient method is also developed in order to speed up the convergence. An alternating direction explicit finite-difference method is employed for discretizing the well-posed problems resulting from these iterative procedures. Numerical results in two-dimensions are illustrated and discussed.     

Sturm-Liouville算子方程边值问题的最小极值解

利用 Banach空间中度量广义逆理论 ,证明了 LP(a,b)空间中 Sturm-Liouville算子方程边值问题最小极值解的存在性 ,并借助 Banach空间几何方法给出了最小极值解存在的等价条件     

One nonlocal problem of determination of the temperature and density of heat sources

We consider one family of problems simulating the determination of the temperature and density of heat sources from given values of the initial and final temperature. The mathematical statement of these problems leads to the inverse problem for the heat equation, where it is required to find not only a solution of the problem, but also its right-hand side that depends only on a spatial variable. A specific feature of the considered problems is that the system of eigenfunctions of the multiple differentiation operator subject to boundary conditions of the initial problem does not have the basis property.We prove the unique existence of a generalized solution to thementioned problem.     

Stability estimate for an inverse boundary coefficient problem in thermal imaging

We establish a stability estimate for an inverse boundary coefficient problem in thermal imaging. The inverse problem under consideration consists in the determination of a boundary coefficient appearing in a boundary value problem for the heat equation with Robin boundary condition (we note here that the initial condition is assumed to be a priori unknown). Our stability estimate is of logarithmic type and it is essentially based on a logarithmic estimate for a Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation.     

Uniqueness and stability in determining the heat radiative coefficient,the initial temperature and a boundary coefficient in a parabolic equation

We consider an inverse parabolic problem. We prove that the heat radiative coefficient, the initial temperature and a boundary coefficient can be simultaneously determined from the final overdetermination, provided that the heat radiative coefficient is a priori known in a small subdomain. Moreover we establish a stability estimate for this inverse problem.     

Discrete-analytic schemes for solving an inverse coefficient heat conduction problem in a layered medium with gradient methods

A method for constructing numerical schemes for an inverse coefficient heat conduction problem with boundary measurement data and piecewise-constant coefficients is considered. Some numerical schemes for a gradient optimization algorithm to solve the inverse problem are presented. The method is based on locally-adjoint problems in combination with approximation methods in Hilbert spaces.     

A variational method for identifying a spacewise-dependent heat source

The inverse problem of determining a spacewise-dependent heatsource for the parabolic heat equation using the usual conditionsof the direct problem and information from one supplementarytemperature measurement at a given instant of time is studied.This spacewise-dependent temperature measurement ensures thatthis inverse problem has a unique solution, but the solutionis unstable and hence the problem is ill-posed. We propose avariational conjugate gradient-type iterative algorithm forthe stable reconstruction of the heat source based on a sequenceof well-posed direct problems for the parabolic heat equationwhich are solved at each iteration step using the boundary elementmethod. The instability is overcome by stopping the iterativeprocedure at the first iteration for which the discrepancy principleis satisfied. Numerical results are presented which have theinput measured data perturbed by increasing amounts of randomnoise. The numerical results show that the proposed procedureyields stable and accurate numerical approximations after onlya few iterations.     

Stability of solutions to extremal problems of boundary control for stationary heat convection equations

We study extremal problems of boundary control for stationary heat convection equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions on velocity and temperature. As the cost functional we choose the mean square integral deviation of the required temperature field from a given temperature field measured in some part of the flow region. The controls are functions appearing in the Dirichlet conditions on velocity and temperature. We prove the stability of solutions to these problems with respect to certain perturbations of both the quality functional and one of the known functions appearing in the original equations of the model.     

Theoretical analysis of boundary control extremal problems for Maxwell’s equations

Under study are the extremal problems of multiplicative boundary control for timeharmonic Maxwell’s equations considered with the impedance boundary condition for the electric field. The solvability of the original extremal problem is proved. Some sufficient conditions are derived on the original data which guarantee the stability of solutions to concrete extremal problems with respect to certain perturbations of both the quality functional and one of the known functions that has the meaning of the density of the electric current.     

Determination of a time-dependent diffusivity from nonlocal conditions

The inverse problem of determining the temperature and the time-dependent thermal diffusivity from various additional nonlocal information is investigated. These nonlocal conditions can come in the form of an internal or boundary energy, or, in the one-dimensional case, as a difference boundary temperature or heat flux so as to ensure the uniqueness of solution for the heat conduction equation with unknown thermal diffusivity coefficient. The Ritz-Galerkin method with satisfier function is employed to solve the inverse problems numerically. Numerical results are presented and discussed.     

Boundary Identification for a Blast Furnace

In this paper,the authors discuss an inverse boundary problem for the axi- symmetric steady-state heat equation,which arises in monitoring the boundary corrosion for the blast-furnace.Measure temperature at some locations are used to identify the shape of the corrosion boundary. The numerical inversion is complicated and consuming since the wear-line varies during the process and the boundary in the heat problem is not fixed.The authors suggest a method that the unknown boundary can be represented by a given curve plus a small perturbation,then the equation can be solved with fixed boundary,and a lot of computing time will be saved. A method is given to solve the inverse problem by minimizing the sum of the squared residual at the measuring locations,in which the direct problems are solved by axi- symmetric fundamental solution method. The numerical results are in good agreement with test model data as well as industrial data,even in severe corrosion case.