火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅钡合金中钡

提出了空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定铅钡合金中钡的方法.选择HNO3溶样,用基体匹配法消除铅干扰;合金中的杂质成分不干扰测定;方法标准回收率99.4%～100.5%,RSD<1%,适于分析铅钡合金中0.5%～5%的钡.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)直接快速测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量,采用微波炉消解样品,试验了微波消解的条件.并对微波消解溶样和常规酸法溶样分别进行了测定和比较.方法的检出限为0.01～0.12 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.4%～4.6%.     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定出口芳香油中痕量铅

采用微波消解技术溶样,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了出口芳香油中痕量铅.系统地研究了微波消解、氢化物发生的最佳条件,方法简便快速,在选定的实验条件下,方法检出限为0.25 μg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差小于5%,回收率为86.5%～100.5%.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铅锭中的硒

采用硝酸溶样,在不分离大量铅基体情况下,用聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)掩蔽基体,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定铅锭中微量硒的简单、快速分析方法。研究了最佳溶样方法,探讨了PESA用量对测定结果的影响,优化了仪器的工作参数,考察了测定条件以及共存元素对测定结果的影响。实验表明,PESA可以有效地消除铅锭中基体元素Pb的干扰,铅锭中的共存离子Ca、Cu、Sb、Sn、Cr、Fe、Zn和Co不干扰Se的测定。Se的方法检出限为0.29ng/mL。该方法用于实际样品测量时结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.74%~3.08%(n=5)之间,加标回收率为95%~108%。     

封闭水浴溶样-载碳泡塑吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中金含量

采用聚碳酸酯溶样瓶进行封闭水浴溶样,溶液加入NH_4HF_2和酒石酸配合其它干扰金属阳离子,加入载碳泡塑振荡吸附金,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)直接测定.方法检出限为0.005 09μg/g,测定上限为150.0μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于5.77%,消除了Ag、Sb和Fe等阳离子干扰,通过对不同含量金矿石标准物质的测定,取得了较高的准确度,可满足金矿石分析要求.     

硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中的锰含量

研究了高氯酸氧化-硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中锰含量的主要影响因素。采用磷酸分解试样,通过控制试样质量和磷酸用量的比例,优化确定了最佳溶样温度和溶样时间,探讨了放置冷却时间对测定结果的影响程度,分析了共存离子的干扰。建立了硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定锰渣中的锰含量的方法,方法用于对锰渣标准物质和样品进行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.21%～0.35%,准确度和精密度均能满足锰渣中锰含量的分析要求。     

无污染封闭溶样原子吸收法测定矿石中银

矿石中银的测定关键在于矿样的处理.通常其预处理方法有:HCl-HNO_3、王水-盐酸法、盐酸-王水法、HCl-HNO_3-HClO_4法.这些预处理方法在溶样过程中,均因矿液溅跳或蒸干的湿度不当,而使测定结果误差较大.本文将无污染封闭溶样法应用于银的原子吸收测定中取得了良好的效果.该法是将矿样置于聚乙烯溶样瓶中,采用浓硝酸处理硫,加入一定量的王水和氢氟酸于封闭式溶样器中进行加热分解,由于在封闭条件下进行溶样,避免了酸的挥发和试液的溅跳,防止了因温度过高而产生的干涸现象.这不但提高了分析的准确度,且大大节约了试剂、节约用电、改善工作环境、有益于分析人员的身体健康.经矿样验证,该法适用于矿石、金精矿硫酸烧渣等含银试样的溶解和测定,值得推广使用.     

钼蓝光度法快速测定钼铁中的硅

通过适当的溶样方法将钼铁试样溶解,使其中的硅转化为正硅酸,在一定的酸度条件下,加入钼酸铵与其反应生成硅钼黄,再用草酸-硫酸亚铁铵还原法将硅钼黄还原成硅钼蓝,进行比色分析.该方法可以测定钼铁中5%以下的硅含量,测定结果和重量法测定结果相符合,相对标准偏差为0.43%(n=4).     

低温焙烧-原子吸收法测定高含量辉锑矿中的金

采用先低温焙烧除硫后再高温焙烧,通过王水溶样,对辉锑矿矿样焙烧方法的对比表明,利用方法焙烧样品,矿样不结块,金可溶解完全.方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符.对实际样品测定的方法精密度为1.44%～4.79%(RSD,n=5).加标回收率在95.5%～104.3%,方法快速、准确,适用于高含量辉锑矿中金的批量样品分析.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测氧化镓中杂质元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氧化镓中杂质元素的检测方法,采用微波消解技术溶样,以5 ng/mL Rh为内标补偿校正镓基体的抑制效应,采用碰撞室技术(CCT)消除多元素分子离子的干扰.方法的检出限为0.10～1.0 ng/mL,加标回收率在85%～110%之间,RSD为0.6%～7.1%.该方法能满足99.95%～99.995%氧化镓中杂质元素的分析要求.     

毛细管气相色谱法分析水及食油样品中倍硫磷的残留量

本文提出了分别以ＣＨ２Ｃｌ，及ＣＨ３ＣＮ为水样及食油样中残留倍硫磷的萃取剂，由弗罗里硅土柱预净化，采用高分离效能的宽口径毛细管柱和高灵敏的氮磷检测器分析倍硫磷残留量的方法。该方法的灵敏度、准克度及精密度均令人满意，经实际样品测定，表明方法是可行的。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定蔬菜水果中的12种农药残留

建立了同时测定蔬菜水果中12种农药残留的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。将样品捣碎,用乙酸乙酯超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化、正己烷-二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)洗脱、氮气吹干、甲醇溶解并定容后,采用高效液相色谱柱分离、紫外检测,以外标法定量。结果表明：12种农药标准曲线的线性相关系数范围为0.9985~0.9999;检测限为0.14~2.65 ng;在水果中的平均加标回收率为62.2%~118.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.56%~11.8%;在蔬菜中的平均加标回收率为52.1%~124.6%,RSD为0.89%~18.4%。用所建立的方法成功地测定了白菜、莲白、黄瓜、苹果、梨等40份样品中的农药残留。方法具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏、重现性较好的特点,适合于蔬菜水果样品中多种微量农药残留的测定。     

Effect of Impurities on Results of Redoxometric Determination of Molecular Oxygen in Natural and Waste Water by Winkler Method

The possibility of determining dissolved oxygen in natural and waste water by the potentiometric variant of the Winkler method, with samples prepared using the Ross procedure and blank sample technique employed, was studied.     

Rapid photometric determination of phosphorus in iron ores and related materials as phosphomolybdenum-blue

A rapid, simple and accurate method for determining phosphorus photometrically in iron ores and related materials, obviating the use of perchloric acid, is described. The sample is fused with sodium peroxide in a zirconium crucible and the melt dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The molybdenum-blue complex is developed by the addition of ammonium molybdate and hydrazine sulphate and the absorbance is measured at 725 nm. The range of the method is from 0.005 to 1.0% P. A batch of 6 samples can be analysed in about 2 hr.     

Oxidation of sulphide minerals--I: determination of ferrous and ferric iron in samples of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite

A method has been developed for determining small amounts of both ferrous and ferric iron in oxidized samples of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The oxidized iron is selectively dissolved in 10M phosphoric acid under reflux and can be determined with the accuracy generally accepted in chemical phase analysis.     

Method for analysis of the composition of acid soaps by electrolytic conductivity measurements

Here, we propose a method for determining the stoichiometry of acid-soap crystallites. The method is based on dissolving the crystallites in water at an appropriate working temperature, followed by measurement of the electrolytic conductivity of the obtained solutions. The working temperature is chosen in such a way that the only precipitate in the solutions is that of carboxylic acid, whereas the carboxylate salt is dissociated, and its content in the dissolved crystals determines the solution's conductivity. In the theoretical model for data interpretation, we took into account the dependence of the molar conductance on the ionic strength. The method was applied for determining the stoichiometry of acid-soap crystals collected from solutions of potassium myristate (tetradecanoate) at 25 degrees C. The crystals were dissolved in water at working temperature of 40 degrees C, at which the conductivity was measured. The stoichiometry of all samples determined in the present study coincides with that independently obtained by another method that is based on in situ pH measurements.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定蔬菜中四聚乙醛残留量

建立了测定蔬菜中四聚乙醛残留量的液相色谱串联质谱方法.蔬菜样品经乙腈提取,盐析后吹干乙腈提取液,再用氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化,用正已烷/丙酮(80:20,V/V)混合溶剂洗脱,氮吹后用乙腈-20mmol/L,乙酸铵溶液(70:30,V/V)溶解后进行仪器分析.分析采用XBridgeTM C18色谱柱分离,乙腈-20m...     

Multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determining synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural products: collaborative study

Fourteen laboratories from 6 countries and regions participated in an international collaborative study to evaluate a multiresidue gas chromatographic (GC) method for determining 8 synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in grains, fruits, and vegetables. The study design was based on Youden's matched-pairs principle for collaborative tests of analytical methods. Each laboratory analyzed 12 collaborative samples of wheat, oranges, and tomatoes as blind samples. Wheat samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (2 + 1), while orange and tomato samples were extracted with acetone. Residues were partitioned into hexane, evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator, and then dissolved in hexane. The hexane extract was partitioned with acetonitrile and cleaned up on a 5% water-deactivated Florisil column with 6% ethyl ether in hexane as eluant. Residue concentrations were determined by GC with electron capture detection with splitless injection by comparison with single-point calibration standards. The appropriate standard concentration was determined by screening sample extracts before analysis. The multiresidue method was tested over the concentration range of 0.095-1.909 mg/kg depending on the 8 different of pesticides and agricultural products analyzed in the collaborative study. Statistical analysis of data from 13 laboratories showed weighted average recoveries for 8 pyrethroids in wheat, oranges, and tomatoes at 0.105-1.909, 0.095-1.909, and 0.105-0.954 mg/kg, respectively, ranging from 91.8 to 100.2%, from 88.1 to 100.6%, and from 88.2 to 101.5%, respectively. Reproducibility relative standard deviation values ranged from 6.46 to 17.74%, from 5.94 to 18.13%, and from 5.59 to 10.48%, respectively. Repeatability relative standard deviation values ranged from 6.34 to 10.84%, from 5.19 to 11.72%, and from 3.20 to 8.09%, respectively. The multiresidue GC method for determining synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural products has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.     

The determination of platinum in sea water by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

The catalytic effect of the formazone complex with platinum on the development of hydrogen at a mercury electrode is used to provide a very sensitive method of determining dissolved platinum in fresh and sea water by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. The optimal analytical conditions include the addition of 0.012% (w/v) formaldehyde, 0.0015% (w/v) hydrazine and 0.5 M sulphuric acid to the sea water. The complex is adsorbed for 1–20 min at ?0.925 V on the hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by a differential-pulse scan in a negative direction. The hydrogen reduction peak catalysed by the platinum complex appears at ?1.045 V. The limit of detection is 0.04 pM Pt with an adsorption time of 10 min, which is quite sufficient to determine dissolved platinum in sea water. The interference of surface-active compounds is eliminated by ultraviolet irradiation of the acidified sample. The method is applied to several sea-water samples. Comparative experiments showed that stripping chronopotentiometry is not sufficiently sensitive to determine platinum in sea water without preconcentration.