新极谱法

新极谱法包括①半积分电分析法,系记录电流的半积分m和电压E的关系曲线。②半微分电分析法,系记录电流的半微分e和电压E的关系曲线。③1.5次微分和2.5次微分极谱法,系记录电流的1.5次微分e＇或2.5次微分e＂和电压E的关系曲线。自1972年Oldham首次提出半积分电分析法以来,此类方法经完善和发展已用于多种极谱技术。例如线性扫描伏安法,循环伏安法,阶梯波极谱法方波极谱法,阳极溶出伏安法等。其灵敏度和分辨能力均已近于脉冲极谱法,且具有许     

新极谱学研究——Ⅱ.玻炭汞膜电极新极谱溶出法

本文提出了汞膜电极阳极溶出新极谱法中的.e'-E和e"-E曲线的一般方程式.与半积分、半微分和伏安法进行了比较讨论.也研究了分析性能.结果表明,汞膜电极新极谱溶出法的灵敏度很高.2.5次微分阳极溶出法可测定ppt(10¹²)级Cd(Ⅱ),重现性5%;ppb级时重现性达2%.     

科研成果简介

新极谱法是近年来刚发展起来的极谱新方法。该方法由于具有半积分,半微分和多重半微分等功能,所以它的灵敏度比经典极谱法提高2—3个数量级。 目前,国内外尚无此类仪器正式商品出售,我所用国产元件研制成一台多功能新极谱仪,它可以记录电流(i)的革积分值、半微分值,1.5次微分值,2.5次微分值和相应电位(E)的曲线,及其循     

HD-85型新伏安转换器的研制及性能

一.引言新极谱分析法是近几年才发展起来的一种电化学分析方法。它包括1.半积分电分析法即记录电流(i)对时间(t)的半积分值(m)对电压E为基础的关系曲线,2.半微分电分析法即记录电流(i)对时间(t)的半微分值(e)对电压(E)为基础的关系曲线,3.3/2次微分和5/2次微分电分析法即分别记录电流(i)对时间(t)的1.5次微分值(e＇)和2.5次微分值(e″)对电压(E)为基础的关系曲线。其优点已有文献介绍。近几年来,国内对新极谱法进行研究并制作相应仪器如“多功能新极谱仪”“82-1型新示波伏安仪”。国内对0.5、1.5、2.5次微分器试制也进行了尝试。为了使目前国内广     

奎宁药物在油/水界面上的迁移机理研究

本文用电流扫描极谱法研究了奎宁药物在水/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上的迁移现象。探讨了水相pH,奎宁浓度及滴水速度与波高的关系。研究了不同基础电解质、缓冲溶液和有机溶剂对极谱波的影响。比较了奎宁存在于水相和有机相时的迁移特性。发现单、双质子化奎宁离子均能迁移跨过界面,产生两个极谱波。结果表明:奎宁在界面上的迁移过程同时受扩散和质子化平衡受损后再化合反应速度控制,并用计时电位法做了进一步的研究。在理论分析的基础上,推导出极谱波极限电流的表达式。理论与实验相符。提出了奎宁在油/水界面上的迁移机理。     

逐级电子转移过程的0.5次微分电分析法

卷积伏安法(新极谱法)是近十年发展起来的一种新电化学分析方法, 本文报导了逐级电子转移过程的0.51次微分电分析法的理论和实验结果, 用计算机模拟了理论极谱图, 讨论了标准分离电位和电子转移数对极谱的影响 。并选择0.1M的NH~4Cl-NH~4OH作为缓冲溶液中铜(II)的还原作为检验理论和实验之间的关系。     

琥珀酰胆碱离子在水/邻硝基苯甲醚界面的伏安行为及其离子电极的研究

由于琥珀酰胆碱离子(Sch²⁺)在水(w)和邻硝基苯甲醚(NA)界面的传递半积分半微分循环伏安波与常规新极谱波的特性相似,测定了Δ_w^oφ_1/2、响应斜率、n和D_Sch^w2+.据此制备了以四苯硼琥珀酰胆碱[Sch(TPB)₂]为活性材料、邻硝基苯甲醚和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBPH)为混合溶剂的Sch²⁺-PVC液膜电极.电极特性与Sch²⁺离子在w/NA界面传递所预示的结果相似.试验了电极对某些离子的选择性系数和回收率.     

氯喹药物在水／1,2—二氯乙烷界面上的传输机理研究

用滴电解液电极(EDE)极谱法、电流环扫伏安法和计时电位法研究了水相中氯喹离子、有机相中非离子化氯喹及以缔合物形式存在的氯喹在水/1,2-二氯乙烷界面上的传输过程.探讨了水相pH、氯喹浓度、EDE速度和扫描速度对传输行为的影响.提出了相应的传输机理.     

悬汞电极阳极溶出新极谱法

本文推导了悬汞电极新极谱溶出法中e′～E,e″～E曲线方程式,峰高表达式等。实验结果和理论推导相符。1.5次和2.5次微分溶出法的灵敏度随扫描速度的增高比线性扫描伏安溶出法明显提高。所得结果重现性良好,是一种不亚于脉冲极谱溶出法的痕量分析方法。     

乙醛酸的微分脉冲极谱法定量分析

建立了乙醛酸的微分脉冲极谱定量分析方法, 乙醛酸在100 g/L KOH底液中, 于-1.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl)处出现一良好的微分脉冲极谱峰, 并能排除主要杂质草酸的干扰. 乙醛酸浓度与其电流峰幅值呈显著的线性关系, 当标准加入的极谱电流峰高和样品极谱电流峰基本一致时, 测量误差小于0.5%.     

氮氧自由基研究:XXI,水溶液中哌啶氮氧自由基单电子还原反应机理的极谱研究

本文采用取样直流极谱, 常规脉冲极谱, 微分脉冲极谱和交流极谱考察了,2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶 -1-氧和2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧哌啶 -1-氧由基及2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶 -1-氧自由基在水溶液中的还原反应, 并研究了它们的还原经历电化学过程 。     

ReO-4、IO-4、MnO-4在水/硝基苯界面上转移过程的伏安法研究

本文用循环伏安法研究了Re0_4~-L、102、MnO_4~-等过氧酸根阴离子在水/硝基苯界面上的转移过程, 详细研究了各种条件对转移离子行为的影响. 三种离子均表现为可逆离子转移过程。转移过程CV峰电流与水相中阴离子的浓度成线性关系, 据此可进行ReO_4~-、TO_4~-、MnO_4~-的测定, 并且有用液/液界面电化学方法监测IO_4~-的氧化还原反应的意义。     

双硫腙水溶液的极谱研究

用单扫描极谱法和循环伏安法研究了双硫腙在酸性和碱性水溶液中的极谱行为.在碱性介质中,有三个还原波-0.63,-0.52和-0.45V,分别对应于双硫腙阴离子,它的氧化产物四氮化合物和二硫化合物的还原过程,在酸性介质中,只有一个-0.18V的双硫腙还原波.上述波的电极反应和特征也讨论了.     

新的双胺双膦钌配合物的合成、表征和催化性能

Polydentate ligands, N,N'-bis[o-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]-1,2-propane-diamine [P2N2Me for short] and N,N'-bis[o-(diphenylphosphino)benzy1]-1,2-propanediamine [P2N2 H4Me for short] have been synthesized. The interaction of RuCl2(DMSO)4 with one equivalent of P2N2Me or P2N2H4Me in refluxing toluene gave trans-RuCl2(P2N2Me) and trans-RuCl2(P2N4H4Me) in good yield, respectively. The ligands and the complexes have been fully characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. The complexes act as an excellent catalyst precursor in hydrogen transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone in catalyst: acetophenone :iso-PrOK of 1: 100: 15, leading to 2-phenylethanol of 89-96% yield.     

Proton-promoted oxygen atom transfer vs proton-coupled electron transfer of a non-heme iron(IV)-oxo complex

Sulfoxidation of thioanisoles by a non-heme iron(IV)-oxo complex, [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine), was remarkably enhanced by perchloric acid (70% HClO(4)). The observed second-order rate constant (k(obs)) of sulfoxidation of thioaniosoles by [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) increases linearly with increasing concentration of HClO(4) (70%) in acetonitrile (MeCN)at 298 K. In contrast to sulfoxidation of thioanisoles by [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+), the observed second-order rate constant (k(et)) of electron transfer from one-electron reductants such as [Fe(II)(Me(2)bpy)(3)](2+) (Me(2)bpy = 4,4-dimehtyl-2,2'-bipyridine) to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) increases with increasing concentration of HClO(4), exhibiting second-order dependence on HClO(4) concentration. This indicates that the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involves two protons associated with electron transfer from [Fe(II)(Me(2)bpy)(3)](2+) to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) to yield [Fe(III)(Me(2)bpy)(3)](3+) and [(N4Py)Fe(III)(OH(2))](3+). The one-electron reduction potential (E(red)) of [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) in the presence of 10 mM HClO(4) (70%) in MeCN is determined to be 1.43 V vs SCE. A plot of E(red) vs log[HClO(4)] also indicates involvement of two protons in the PCET reduction of [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+). The PCET driving force dependence of log k(et) is fitted in light of the Marcus theory of outer-sphere electron transfer to afford the reorganization of PCET (λ = 2.74 eV). The comparison of the k(obs) values of acid-promoted sulfoxidation of thioanisoles by [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) with the k(et) values of PCET from one-electron reductants to [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) at the same PCET driving force reveals that the acid-promoted sulfoxidation proceeds by one-step oxygen atom transfer from [(N4Py)Fe(IV)(O)](2+) to thioanisoles rather than outer-sphere PCET.     

Electrochemical Study of s‐Triazine Herbicides Transfer Across the Water/1,2‐Dichloroethane Interface

The transfer of three s‐triazine herbicides, atrazine (ATR), propazine (PRO) and prometrine (PROM), across the water/1,2‐dichloroethane interface was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. A facilitated proton transfer mechanism from the aqueous to organic phase is demonstrated by the analysis of positive peak potential and peak current as a function of pH. It is shown that the determination of 2.5×10^?5 M – 5×10^?4 M concentration of herbicides in aqueous phase may be possible under the experimental conditions employed.     

Selective silver ion transfer voltammetry at the polarised liquid/liquid interface

Transfer of silver ions across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). In the absence of added neutral ionophore, Ag+ transferred across the interface when the organic phase contained either tetraphenylborate or tetrakis(4-chloro)phenylborate anions, but this transfer was not possible in the presence of organic phase hexafluorophosphate or perchlorate anions. The ion transfer processes observed were independent of the nature of the organic phase cation. The CV in the presence of tetraphenylborate exhibited a shape consistent with an ion transfer followed by chemical reaction; the rate constant for the following chemical reaction was 0.016 s(-1). In the presence of tetrakis(4-chloro)phenylborate, a return peak equivalent in magnitude to the forward peak was observed, indicative of a simple ion transfer reaction uncomplicated by accompanying chemical reactions. The selectivity of the transfer was assessed with respect to other metal cations: no transfers for copper, cadmium, lead, bismuth, cobalt, nickel, palladium or zinc were observed. The selectivity of the transfer suggests this can form the basis of a selective voltammetric methodology for the determination of silver ions.     

Electroneutrality coupling of electron transfer at an electrode surface and ion transfer across the interface between thin-layer of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide covering the electrode surface and an outer electrolyte solution.

The electrode reaction of decamethylferrocene (DMFc) dissolved in a thin layer of a room-temperature molten salt (RTMS), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC1C1N) or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (C8mimC2C2N), on a self-assembled monolayer-modified gold electrode is coupled with the ion transfer across the interface between the RTMS and the outer aqueous solution (W) to give a voltammogram whose shape resembles a voltammogram of a simple one-electron transfer process. The electroneutrality of the RTMS layer during the oxidation of DMFc to decamethylferricenium ion is maintained by the concomitant dissolution of C8mim+ ion from the RTMS phase to the W phase, and the reduction of decamethylferricenium ion to DMFc is accompanied by the transfer of either C1C1N- or C2C2N- from RTMS to W. The midpoint potential of the voltammogram varies with the concentration of the salt in the aqueous phase, C8mimCl or LiCnCnN (n = 1 or 2), in a Nernstian manner, showing that the phase-boundary potential between the RTMS and the W is controlled by the partition of these ions. Although the phase-boundary potential across the RTMS / W interface is Nernstian with respect to the ions common to both phases at the equilibrium, the polarization at the RTMS / W interface under current flow distorts the shape of the voltammograms, resulting in a wider peak separation in the voltammogram.     

Facilitated Proton Transfer by a Novel 2-Aminothiazole Derivative Across the Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Interface

The behavior of proton transfer facilitated by a novel thiazole derivative, N-methyl-4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (MPPT), across the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface was investigated electrochemically. The ionic partition diagram for MPPT was obtained from interpretation of the cyclic voltammograms. The apparent partition coefficient of MPPT was evaluated by the shaking-flask method under experimental conditions, while that for the protonated form of MPPT was calculated from its transfer potential obtained from the ionic partition diagram. It was suggested that the mechanism for transfer of MPPT across the water/1,2-DCE) interface depends on the pH of the aqueous phase. The parameters of the facilitated proton transfer across the water/1,2-DCE interface were evaluated as a quantitative measure of its lipophilicity.