激光光解NO2产物--氧原子O(3PJ″)的REMPI离子谱

由 Nd:YAG激光器三倍频 ,输出波长为λ =355 nm( 28 169 cm- 1)的激光光解 NO2分子产生的氧原子 ,通过共振增强多光子电离( REMPI resonance enhanced multiphoto ionization)及飞行时间( TOF time of flight)质谱技术 ,获得了自旋轨道精细能级分辨的氧原子 O(2p 3PJ″ =2,1,0)离子谱 .氧离子信号强度与 UV电离激光能量(λ≈ 226 nm)之间的关系能用三次方曲线很好拟合 ,它表明光解产物氧原子是通过( 2+ 1)多光子吸收过程而被电离的 .由离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋轨道支能级布居比 f1=I(3P1)/I(3P2)与 f0=I(3P0)/I(3P2)分别为 0.54± 0.09和 0.20± 0.04,并且在不同的光解激光能量下其布居比保持不变 .这一比值与统计分布计算的值为 0.6和 0.2一致(即统计分布 3P2∶ 3P1∶ 3P0=1:0.6:0.2) .这是由于样品 (NO2)在较低的压力下( 1.33× 10- 4 Pa)和极短的光解电离时间范围内( 10- 8 s) ,产物 O( 3PJ″)支能级间几乎不可能发生碰撞能量转移 ,因此 ,氧原子三个自旋轨道角动量分裂能级布居 O( 3PJ″ =2,1,0)是统计分布的.     

激光光解NO2产物——氧原子O(3PJ″)的REMPI离子谱

由Nd:YAG激光器三倍频, 输出波长为λ=355 nm（28 169 cm－1）的激光光解NO2分子产生的氧原子, 通过共振增强多光子电离（REMPI, resonance enhanced multiphoto ionization）及飞行时间（TOF, time of flight）质谱技术, 获得了自旋-轨道精细能级分辨的氧原子O(2p 3PJ″=2, 1, 0)离子谱.氧离子信号强度与UV电离激光能量（λ≈226 nm）之间的关系能用三次方曲线很好拟合, 它表明光解产物氧原子是通过（2＋1）多光子吸收过程而被电离的.由离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋-轨道支能级布居比f1=I(3P1)/I(3P2)与f0=I(3P0)/I(3P2)分别为0.54±0.09和0.20±0.04, 并且在不同的光解激光能量下其布居比保持不变.这一比值与统计分布计算的值为0.6和0.2一致（即统计分布3P2∶3P1∶3P0=1:0.6:0.2）.这是由于样品(NO2)在较低的压力下（1.33×10－4 Pa）和极短的光解-电离时间范围内（10－8 s）, 产物O（3PJ″）支能级间几乎不可能发生碰撞能量转移, 因此, 氧原子三个自旋-轨道角动量分裂能级布居O（3PJ″=2, 1, 0）是统计分布的.     

n-C_3H_7I和i-C_3H_7I的激光裂解

Wilson等人曾研究过碘代烷在266nm的激光光解RI→R+I＊(~2P_(1/2))(1)RI→R+I(~2P_(3/2))(2)由于他们所用的光解产物谱仪不能改变产物的检测方向,因而对C_2H_5I,n-C_3H_7I和i-C_3H_7I的光解通道(1)和(2)在飞行时间(TOF)谱上的分离没有成功。我们用束源可转动的分子束激光裂解产物谱仪(飞行距离531mm)研究了CH_3I和C_2H_5I在248nm的激光裂解后,又分别对n-C_3H_7I和i-C_3H_7I进行研究,并实现了I＊(~2P_(1/2))和I(~2P_(3/2))光解通道在TOF谱上的分离,测得光解通道比见表1。     

高平动能(1.15 eV)CN基的T-V过程的探讨

用193毫微米光解BrCN和ClCN的研究,发现一些很有意义的结果。如在光解BrCN时发现碎片CN X~2∑~+ v″=0的转动能级高达80以上,它可研究高转动能在传能和反应中的作用。研究中发现一些异常现象;Heaven等在扩散分子束中得到BrCN的光解产物CN X~2∑~+,共中v″=0约占80%,v″=1约占20%;而Halpern等在10~(-5)Torr延迟0.2微秒测得的光解产物,v″=0占94%,v″=1占6%。Heaven给出的谱图上出现很高的P_(0,0)支带头,与Halpern结果比较,明显地发生了转动弛豫,达表明实验中有碰撞弛豫。但为什么v″=1的布居不下降,却反而上升?为了弄清达个问题,我们在不同BrCN压办及不同延迟时间下去探测CN X~2∑~+,v″的碰撞弛豫。     

亚硝基苯光解过程中的能量配置

利用单光子激光诱导荧光(LIF)技术,测量了亚硝基苯(C6H5NO)初生态光解碎片NO(X 2Π v″=1,2,3)的转动光谱.通过对初生态光解碎片NO(X 2Π )内能态布居的分析,得到了NO(X 2Π )的转动温度和相对振动布居比,研究了亚硝基苯在266 nm激光光解过程中的能量配置情况.与小分子相比,大的亚硝基苯分子,其光解过程中能量分布很宽,涉及到所有自由度.     

乙烯自由基(A)2A″(v′=0)←(X)2A′(v"=0)带的转动分析

通过193 nm光解丁烯酮分子产生乙烯基自由基(·C2H3).经射流冷却后,用另一束激光光解·CaH3,生成的氢原子碎片经共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)过程,记录氢离子信号随光解波长变化,得到20020～20070 cm-1范围内乙烯基激发的转动分辨光谱.该谱对应于(A)2A″(v′=0)←(X)aA′(v″=0)跃迁的转动结构.结合量子化学理论计算、光谱拟合以及前人的研究结果,对该段光谱进行了完整的转动识别,确定了40条转动谱线的位置.由光谱拟合还得到(A)2A″(v′=0)能级的预解离寿命为3.3 ps,且不依赖于转动量子数.     

丙酮在XeCl准分子激光辐射下的多光子电离和碎裂研究

我们用扩散分子束多光子电离光谱技术研究了丙酮在XeCl准分子激光辐射下的多光子电离和碎裂行为。实验表明丙酮没有产生母体离子峰(m/e=58), 只给出m/e=43和15两个峰, 分别对应于丙酮光解所产生的两个碎片CH_3 CO和CH_3。其离子信号(1)分别与激光强度(Ⅰ)的3和3.6次方成正比。分析表明离子是由中性碎片电离产生的。     

CS2 +( 2 Πg )的(1+1)光解离动力学研究

在气束条件下,利用483.2 nm的激光(3+1)共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)CS2分子以产生CS2+离子源,用另一束可调谐激光在424～482 nm内,通过对CS2+( 2 Πg)(1+1)双光子共振解离产生的碎片离子激发谱的探测,来获取CS2+ 的光解离动力学信息.光解离碎片S+的激发谱 (PHOFEX)可归属为CS2+ ( 2 Πu,3/2 (v′=0～4, v′=v1′+ (1/2)v2′) ← 2 Πg,3/2 (0,0,0))和 ( 2 Πu,1/2(v′=0～4)← 2 Πg,1/2(0,0,0))的跃迁.对CS2+光解离动力学的研究表明,其产生S+的通道为:(i)CS2+吸收一个光子从基态 2 Πg共振激发至 2 Πu态,(ii)已布居的 2 Πu态的振动能级和 2 Πg态的高振动能级产生耦合, (iii)吸收第二个光子从上述耦合的振动能级进一步激发至 2 Σu +态,再通过 2 Σu +态与4Σ- 态间的自旋-轨道相互作用,经由4Σ- 排斥态解离产生S++CS.     

N_2O~+经由B~2П_i←X~2П跃迁的光解离机理研究

在超声分子束条件下,利用360.50 nm的电离激光使N2O分子经由[3+1]共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)产生纯净的N2O+(X2Π(000))分子离子,用另一束解离激光在230-275 nm范围扫描获得N2O+经由B2Πi←X2Π跃迁产生的光解碎片(NO+和N2+)激发(PHOFEX)谱.获得的光解碎片激发谱可以归属为B2Πi(00n)←X2Π(000)序列跃迁.我们分别将线性三原子分子离子N2O+中N―N伸缩振动简化成NO和N之间的简谐振动,N―O伸缩振动简化成N2和O之间的简谐振动,用谐振子的简谐势能曲线和波函数对N2O+分子离子X2Π和B2Πi电子态振动能级间跃迁的Franck-Condon因子进行计算,和实验得到的碎片离子增强谱实验强度进行比较,对前人给出的分子数据(分子平衡核间距)进行验证,讨论了N2O+经由B2Πi(00n)←X2Π(000)电子态跃迁的光解离机理和碎片离子的分支比.     

CS21B2(1Σ+u)态预离解产物CS的振转布居研究

用一束波长为210.27 nm的激光将CS2分子激发至预离解态1 B2(1 Σ+u),用另一束激光通过激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法检测碎片CS,在250.5～286.5 nm获得了CS碎片A1 Π←X1 Σ+振转分辨的激发谱.通过对光谱强度的分析,获得了CS碎片v″=0～8的振动布居和v″=1,4～8振动态的转动布居.结果发现,碎片CS的振动布居呈双模结构,分别对应于CS2分子1 B2(1 Σ+u)态的两个解离通道,即CS(X1 Σ+,v″=0～9)+S(3PJ)和CS(X1 Σ+, v″=0～1)+S(1 B2).由此得到两个解离通道的分支比S(3PJ): S(1 B2)为5.6±1.2.与前人193 nm处的研究结果相比, 210.27 nm激发更有利于S(3PJ)通道的生成.此外,实验还发现CS的转动布居不满足热平衡分布,为两个Boltzmann分布的合成.     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Electrochemical Determination of Carbofuran in Tomatoes by a Concanavalin A (Con A) Polydopamine (PDA)-Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)-Gold Nanoparticle (GNP) Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) with Immobilized Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

A new biosensor method was developed to determine residual carbofuran in tomatoes in a rapid and convenient fashion based on immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on an electrode modified by concanavalin A (Con A)/polydopamine (PDA)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-gold nanoparticle (GNP) nanocomposites. The specific binding between Con A and AChE was investigated by the Ellman method and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The synthesis of nanocomposites was monitored by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that, due to the specific binding and good electrical conductivity, the biosensor had 2.2 times higher bioactivity, leading to high sensitivity with a low Michaelis constant of 0.10?mM. Parameters that affect the response of the biosensor, such as the pH, enzyme loading, ionic concentration, and inhibition time, were optimized. When used for the detection of carbofuran, this biosensor showed a wide range of applicability from 5?µg/kg to 40?µg/kg with a detection limit of 0.012?µg/kg. In addition, the biosensor demonstrated good recovery values of 101% and 90% for 10?µg/kg and 100?µg/kg of the analyte, good stability, high repeatability, and a rapid detection time of 20?min for carbofuran in tomatoes, which provides significant advantages for future analysis.     

Effect of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) on thermal behavior and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PHB/PPC) blends

To assess the compatibility of blends of synthetic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with a natural bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a simple casting procedure of blend was used. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends are found to be incompatible according to DSC and DMA analysis. In order to improve the compatibility and mechanical properties of PHB/PPC blends, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was added as a compatibilizer. The effects of PVAc on the thermal behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of 70PHB/30PPC blend were investigated. The results show that the melting point and the crystallization temperature of PHB in blends decrease with the increase of PVAc content in blends, the loss factor changes from two separate peaks of 70PHB/30PPC blend to one peak of 70PHB/30PPC/12PVAc blend. It is also found that adding PVAc into 70PHB/30PPC blend can decrease the size of dispersed phase from morphology analysis. The result of tensile properties shows that PVAc can increase the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 70PHB/30PPC blend, and both the elongation at break and the tensile toughness increase significantly with PVAc added into 70PHB/30PPC.     

Synthesis of Some Novel Class of Bis(isoxazoline) and Bis(aziridine) Derivatives

Synthesis of some new bis(isoxazoline) derivatives has been described from terepthaldehyde derived bis(nitrones) using microwave irradiation via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Bis(isoxazoline) derivatives in turn successfully converted into new bis(aziridine) derivatives via Baldwin rearrangement. Simple reaction methodology, non involvement of catalysts, and good to excellent yields are the important features noticed in this synthesis.     

Extraction chromatographic study of aluminium(III) and mutual separation of aluminium(III), gallium(III), indium(III) and thallium(III) with N-n-octylaniline

A selective method has been developed for extraction chromatographic studies of aluminium(III) and its separation from several metal ions with a chromatographic column containing N-n-octylaniline (liquid anion exchanger) coated on silanized silica gel as a stationary phase. The aluminium(III) was quantitatively extracted with the 0.065 mol/L N-n-octylaninine from 0.013 to 0.05 mol/L sodium succinate at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The extracted metal ion has been recovered by eluting with 25.0 mL of 0.05 mol/L hydrochloric acid and estimated spectrophotometrically with aurintricarboxylic acid. The effects of the acid concentration, the reagent concentration, the flow rate and the eluting agents have been investigated. The log-log plots of distribution coefficient (KdAl(III)) versus N-n-octylaniline concentrationin 0.005 and 0.007 mol/L sodium succinate gave theslopes 0.5 and 0.7 respectively and showed theprobable composition of theextracted species was 1:1 (metal to amine ratio) and the nature of extracted species is [RR''NH2+ Al succinate2-] org. .The extraction of aluminium(III) was carried out in the presence of various ions to ascertain the tolerance limit of individual ions. Aluminium(III) has been separated from multicomponent mixtures, pharmaceutical samples and synthetic mixtures corresponding to alloys. A scheme for mutual separation of aluminium(III), indium(III), gallium(III) and thallium(III) has been developed by using suitable masking agents. The method is fast, accurate and precise.     

Synthesis and Characterization of A Vic-Dioxime Derivative and Investigation of its Complexes with Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and UO2(VI) Metals

In this study, 1,2-dihdroxyimino-3,7-di-aza-9,10-O-iso-propylidene decane (LH₂ ) was synthesized starting from 1,2-O-iso-propylidene-4-aza-7-aminoheptane (RNH₂ ) and anti-chloroglyoxime. Complexes of this ligand with Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and UO₂(VI) salts were prepared. Structures of the ligand and its complexes are proposed based on elemental analyses, IR, ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectra magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).     

Cu(II), Zn(II), AND Pb(II) STABILITY CONSTANTS OF CYCLAM AMPHIPHILES

Abstract

1-Hexadecyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (hexadecyl cyclam) and 1-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl) hexadecyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tetramethylhexadecyl cyclam) have been synthesized and their deprotonation and ligand-metal formation constants, K, determined for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II). The coupling of a long hydrocarbon chain to a ring nitrogen decreased the general ability of the cyclam ring to complex with metal ions. The greatest effect appeared to be for Cu(II) decreasing from a pK of 27 for cyclam to about 17. The titrations were fitted by HYPERQUAD and the concentrations of the intermediate complexes obtained as a function of pH. Metal-ligand complexes LMH₂ ⁴⁺, LMH₂₊ and LM₂₊ can coexist through a wide pH range. We have also calculated a composite metal-binding constant, K′, to reflect more accurately the overall ability of these ligands to bind a metal at any particular pH. K′, which is 14.6 for (hexadecyl cyclam)-Cu(II), is constructed from the concentrations of all the metal-chelated species at pH = 7. Generally, K′ is much lower than K.     

Potentiometric determination of silver(I), palladium(II) and gold(III) in mixtures by use of an iodide-selective electrode

Two procedures are proposed for the potentiometric determination of Ag(I), Pd(II) and Au(III) in binary mixtures, by titration with potassium iodide solution, and use of a commercial iodide electrode as sensor. In the first procedure, two aliquots of the mixture are titrated, at pH 2.0 ± 0.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2, adjusted with dilute sulphuric acid and ammonia solution. At pH 2.0, the titrant reacts with both metals, whereas at pH 9.0, Ag(I) is the only reactant. The second procedure utilizes titration of two aliquots of the mixture in the presence and absence of a selective masking agent. The methods have been applied to the determination of these metals in some jewellery alloys.     

Chelating resin containing s-bonded dithizonefor the separation of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II)

Analytical and physicochemical properties of a crosslinked poly (vinyl pyridine) based resin containing dithizone were examined. The resin was further used for the preconcentration of copper, nickel and zinc at batch and column level. Various conditions such as pH, equilibration time, temperature were optimised for the maximum loading of copper, nickel and zinc. The loading capacities of the resin for copper, nickel and zinc were observed to be 0.51, 0.59 and 0.65 mmol g⁻¹ of dry resin respectively. Elution of loaded copper, nickel and zinc from the resin was done by using 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M H₂SO₄ and 0.1 M HNO₃ respectively. Separation of copper, nickel and zinc in binary and ternary mixtures was achieved without any cross contamination.