A model for the problem of the cooperation/competition between infinite continuous species

In this paper we consider a particular type of differential equation that we can consider as a simple model for the problem of the cooperation/competition of infinite species. In this model each of the species meets each of the other species with a degree of competition or cooperation and their arrangements affect the evolution of the species. A first result of the existence of a unique, local-in-time, solution is given.     

Traveling waves in delayed predator–prey systems with nonlocal diffusion and stage structure

This paper is concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions of a delayed predator–prey system with stage structure and nonlocal diffusion. By introducing the partial quasi-monotone condition and cross-iteration scheme, we first consider a class of delayed systems with nonlocal diffusion and deduce the existence of traveling wave solutions to the existence of a pair of upper–lower solutions. When the result is applied to the predator–prey system, we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions, as well as its precisely asymptotic behavior. Our result implies that there is a transition zone moving from the steady state with no species to the steady state with the coexistence of both species.     

Persistence for Lotka–Volterra patch-system with time delay

In this paper, we consider the nonautonomous Lotka–Volterra system with dispersion. Under the assumption that the intrinsic growth rates of the species may be negative, we show that certain average conditions imply the uniform persistence of all species. Some known result is improved.     

A Lyapunov function for the chemostat with variable yields

In this Note, we give a global asymptotic stability result for the competition mathematical model between several species in a chemostat, by using a new Lyapunov function. The model includes both monotone and non-monotone response functions, distinct removal rates for the species and variable yields, depending on the concentration of substrate. We obtain, as corollaries of our result, three global stability theorems which were considered in the literature.     

Spatial segregation limit of a non-autonomous competition–diffusion system

This paper is concerned with the spatial behavior of the non-autonomous competition–diffusion system arising in population ecology. The limiting profile of the system is given as the competition rate tends to infinity. Our result shows that two competing species spatially segregate as the competition rates become large. Moreover, for the case of the same non-autonomous terms, we obtain the uniform convergence result.     

MANAGING ECOLOGICALLY INTERDEPENDENT SPECIES

ABSTRACT. We analyze open access harvesting of a predator species, while allowing for ecological interaction with herbivore species (the prey). In contrast to existing studies, we find that under some conditions open access harvesting may contribute to the abundance of predator and prey species. Particularly in fragmented habitats, moderate harvesting intensity may be a low‐cost substitute for management, and measures to reduce harvesting may result in collapse of predator and prey stock. These results highlight the importance of analyzing the ecological underpinnings of systems when manipulating economic parameters to promote conservation.     

Exclusion and dominance in discrete population models via the carrying simplex

This paper is devoted to show that Hirsch's results on the existence of a carrying simplex are a powerful tool to understand the dynamics of Kolmogorov models. For two and three species, we prove that there is exclusion for our models if and only if there are no coexistence states. The proof of this result is based on a result in planar topology due to Campos, Ortega and Tineo. For an arbitrary number of species, we will obtain dominance criteria following the notions of Franke and Yakubu. In this scenario, the crucial fact will be that the carrying simplex is an unordered manifold. Applications in concrete models are given.     

具有时滞和基于比率的两种群捕食者-食饵扩散系统的周期解

本文研究了一类具有时滞和基于比率的两种群捕食者—食饵扩散系统，利用重合度理论建立了这类系统正周期解的存在性判据。     

两粒子的Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann方程组中一个算子的紧性证明

本文主要研究紧算子在Vlasov-Maxwell-Boltzmann方程组中的应用的问题.利用紧算子的定义,获得了描述不同质量两粒子模型的线性Boltzmann算子的一个紧性结果.     

基于比率的三种群捕食者-食饵扩散系统的周期解

本文研究一类基于比率的三种群捕食者-食饵扩散系统,利用重合度理论建立了这类系统正周期解的存在性结果。     

Nonlinear optimal control problems of degenerate parabolic equations with logistic time-varying delays of convolution type

In this article, we consider a bioeconomic model for optimal control problems which are governed by degenerate parabolic equations governing diffusive biological species with logistic growth terms and multiple time-varying delays. The time-varying delays are given in a convolution form. The existence, uniqueness and regularity results to the state equations with homogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are established. The vanishing viscosity method is used to obtain the existence result. Afterwards, we formulate the optimal control problem in two cases. Firstly, we suppose that this biological species causes damage to environment (e.g. forest, agriculture): the optimal control is the trapping rate and the cost functional is a combination of damage and trapping costs. Secondly, an optimal harvesting control of a biological species is considered: the optimal control is a distribution of harvesting effort on the biological species and the cost functional measure the difference between economic revenue and cost. The existence and the condition of uniqueness of the optimal solution are obtained. A nonlinear optimality system is derived, characterizing the optimal control.     

Permanence under strong aggressions is possible

This paper analyzes the limiting behavior of the positive solutions of a general class of sublinear elliptic weighted mixed boundary value problems as the amplitude of the positive part of the lower order terms of the differential operator blows up to infinity. The main result establishes that the positive solutions approximate zero within the support of the positive part of the potential, whereas they stabilize to the positive solution of a certain elliptic mixed boundary value problem on its complement. Further, we use this result for deriving some general principles in competing species dynamics. Precisely, we shall show that in the presence of a refuge region two competing species must coexist if their reproduction rates are sufficiently large, independently of the strength of the competition. It should be emphasized that the abstract theory developed here allows measuring how large the reproduction rates should be for being permanent, providing us, simultaneously, with the limiting behavior of each of the species separately. Basically, when the pressure from the competitor grows the tackled species concentrates within its refuge. The results of this paper are substantial extensions of some pioneer results found by one of the authors in [16, Section 4]. The main ingredients in deriving the main results of this paper are the continuous dependence of the principal eigenvalue with respect to a general class of perturbations of the domain around its Dirichlet boundary – very recent result coming from [6] – and the continuous dependence of the positive solutions of the sublinear problem – coming from [7].     

Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a periodic diffusion system

This paper deals with a periodic reaction-diffusion system of plankton allelopathy under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. Based on the result of Ahmad and Lazer, we show some estimates and nonexistence results for the positive solutions of the system. Furthermore, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the system, that is one species dies out and the other exists as time t tends to infinity.     

Simulation study of dissimilarity between point process

The spatial distributions of two species of tree result in a bivariate pattern. This pattern characterizes biological mechanism involved within a forest with the spatial localization of the trees. If we consider simultaneously two species, the main question is not to describe the marginal distribution of each species but to describe the relationship between the repartitions of the two species under study. The relationship between two clouds of points can be described in various ways and therefore many indices can be defined. Each index will give a specific information about these relationships and will greatly depends on the ecological mechanisms, i.e., the point process that leads to the observed repartition. The aim of this article is to review the leading indices in ecology and to provide guidelines for practical use. To mimic ecological situations, we simulated 13 point process that can model classical relationships between two species of trees and compute nine classical indices. The interest of the various indices are discussed. A R package for simulating the point process and to compute the indices is available on request. The package is available upon request at picard@cirad.fr or avner@inapg.fr     

Well-posedness and exponential equilibration of a volume-surface reaction–diffusion system with nonlinear boundary coupling

We consider a model system consisting of two reaction–diffusion equations, where one species diffuses in a volume while the other species diffuses on the surface which surrounds the volume. The two equations are coupled via a nonlinear reversible Robin-type boundary condition for the volume species and a matching reversible source term for the boundary species. As a consequence of the coupling, the total mass of the two species is conserved. The considered system is motivated for instance by models for asymmetric stem cell division.Firstly we prove the existence of a unique weak solution via an iterative method of converging upper and lower solutions to overcome the difficulties of the nonlinear boundary terms. Secondly, our main result shows explicit exponential convergence to equilibrium via an entropy method after deriving a suitable entropy entropy-dissipation estimate for the considered nonlinear volume-surface reaction–diffusion system.     

n维可投影LOtka-Volterra竞争系统的渐近性

对于二维和三维的Lotka-Volterra竞争系统,已有文献证明:当每一个坐标轴上的平衡点均为渐近稳定时,该系统几乎所有解趋于坐标轴上平衡点所组成的点集,即,不趋于坐标轴上平衡点的解集,其测度为零.由此, van den Driessche和Zeeman于1998年提出猜测:对n(n>3)维Lotka-Volterra竞争系统,当每一个坐标轴上的平衡点均为渐近稳定时,该系统几乎所有解趋于坐标轴上平衡点所组成的点集,即,不趋于坐标轴上平衡点的解集,其在n维空间的测度为零.本文证明当n维Lotka-Volterra竞争系统可被逐维投影到一维系统时,该猜测成立,并给出了可投影条件的代数判据.本文所得结论包含了已有文献的结果.     

同义密码子使用偏嗜性的统计分析

本文利用已知序列的四种物种:人、鸭、鸡、猪的A型流感病毒基因序列.利用生物统计的方法:相关分析(Correlation Analysis)和对应分析(Correspondence Analysis)、SAS程序、MATLAB程序以及CodonW软件对四种常见物种基因的主要密码子的12个重要的亚型进行了密码子偏好性的分析,并将分析结果进行偏嗜性比较.结果表明基因表达程度并不会影响密码子使用偏嗜性.     

Permanence of species in nonautonomous discrete Lotka–Volterra competitive system with delays and feedback controls

A nonautonomous N-species discrete Lotka–Volterra competitive system of difference equations with delays and feedback controls is considered. New sufficient conditions are obtained for the permanence of this discrete system. The results indicate that one can choose suitable controls to make the species coexistence in the long run. Moreover, we give some examples to illustrate the feasibility of our result which can be well suited for computational purposes.     

How Do the Spatial Structure and Time Delay Affect the Persistence of A Polluted Species

In this article, we consider the effects of diffusion and time delay on the species in a polluted environment. Persistence-extinction thresholds are given for population in the toxicant stressed logistic growth model with discrete diffusion or time delay. It is proved that dispersal allows a larger threshold, that is, dispersal can increase the endurance effectiveness of the population subjected to toxicant, and time delay has no effect on the threshold result.