不同pH条件下木质素磺酸钠的静电逐层自组装研究

以来源于造纸废液中的木质素磺酸钠(SL)为研究对象,利用静电逐层自组装技术,与聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDAC)交替吸附,制备木质素磺酸钠的自组装多层吸附膜.研究了不同pH值条件下木质素磺酸钠在固体表面的静电吸附规律.木质素磺酸钠的自组装过程用紫外-可见光吸收光谱来监控,而自组装膜的表面形貌用原子力显微镜来观察.研究表明,SL与PDAC多层吸附膜的紫外-可见光吸收光谱强度随层数增加而线性增长,说明SL/PDAC多层吸附膜的厚度增长是以逐层自组装的方式进行的.木质素磺酸钠浸渍溶液的pH值对多层吸附膜的厚度和表面形貌产生重要的影响.在所研究的pH范围内,pH值越低,越有利于生成吸光度高的自组装膜,而得到的自组装膜的表面粗糙度越大。     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究Ⅹ分散剂在煤粒表面上的吸附作用特征

研究了6种水煤浆分散剂在14种不同变质程度煤上的吸附作用特征。结果表明,多数分散剂在煤粒表面达到单层饱和吸附后,又形成多层吸附,单层饱和吸附量与煤的变质程度、比表面积以及分散剂的性质有关。在相同粒度分布下,煤的变质程度越低,表面含氧亲水官能团的比例越高,孔隙率越高,比表面积越大,这对增大吸附量有利。煤的变质程度越高,其表面疏水区面积的比例越高,分散剂通过疏水基团紧密吸附在煤表面的比例越大,这对增加高阶煤的吸附量有利。对不同煤,是变质程度还是比表面积为吸附分散剂的主控因素,主要依赖于分散剂的结构与性质。对同种煤,疏水与亲水基团呈线型分立分布的分散剂,吸附量明显高;而疏水与亲水基团呈线型间隔分布的分散剂,吸附量明显小。     

不同水煤浆分散剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究: Ⅹ 分散剂在煤粒表面上的吸附作用特征

研究了6种水煤浆分散剂在14种不同变质程度煤上的吸附作用特征。结果表明，多数分散剂在煤粒表面达到单层饱和吸附后，又形成多层吸附，单层饱和吸附量与煤的变质程度、比表面积以及分散剂的性质有关。在相同粒度分布下，煤的变质程度越低，表面含氧亲水官能团的比例越高，孔隙率越高，比表面积越大，这对增大吸附量有利。煤的变质程度越高，其表面疏水区面积的比例越高，分散剂通过疏水基团紧密吸附在煤表面的比例越大，这对增加高阶煤的吸附量有利。对不同煤，是变质程度还是比表面积为吸附分散剂的主控因素，主要依赖于分散剂的结构与性质。对同种煤，疏水与亲水基团呈线型分立分布的分散剂，吸附量明显高；而疏水与亲水基团呈线型间隔分布的分散剂，吸附量明显小。     

木质素磺酸钠在氧化铁表面的吸附驱动力

研究吸附介质的pH值、 尿素及盐类对木质素磺酸钠(SL)在氧化铁表面吸附性能的影响规律, 结果表明, 络合能力较强的柠檬酸钠使SL的吸附量几乎减少至零, 较弱络合能力的亚硫酸钠使SL的吸附量具有一定程度的降低, 而无络合能力的硫酸钠增大了SL的吸附量. 说明SL的羧基与氧化铁之间的络合吸附驱动力对吸附起主导作用, 磺酸基对其在氧化铁上吸附的影响很弱. 采用氯化锂屏蔽部分羧基后SL在氧化铁上的吸附量也有所降低, 进一步证明了羧基与氧化铁表面的络合作用是其吸附的主要驱动力.     

苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面的吸附性能

利用残余质量浓度法、ζ电位测定、红外光谱和XPS法系统地研究了苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(MOTAS)分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面的吸附量、吸附状态、ζ电位、吸附作用力和吸附层厚度等性能. 实验结果表明, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲界面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式, 其饱和吸附量和吸附平衡常数k、ζ电位和吸附层厚度均随MOTAS分散剂相对分子量增加而增大, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲界面呈多点吸附, 氢键是分散剂分子与氟铃脲界面结合的重要作用力. 分析实验结果发现, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面吸附后具有静电排斥和空间位阻双重作用.     

聚羧酸型梳状共聚物超分散剂在氟虫腈颗粒界面的吸附性能

采用紫外光谱(UV)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚羧酸型梳状共聚物超分散剂(TERSPERSE^®2700)在氟虫腈颗粒界面的吸附等温线、 吸附动力学、 吸附作用力、 吸附层厚度以及吸附状态等进行了分析. 实验结果表明, TERSPERSE^®2700分散剂在氟虫腈颗粒界面的吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附等温式, 吸附量随着温度升高而增大, 并计算了ΔG^0-, ΔH^0-和ΔS^0-. 吸附符合准一级动力学模型, 吸附速率常数随着温度升高而增大, 吸附活化能E_a=29.28 kJ/mol. 利用XPS谱图, 估算其吸附厚度约为1 nm, 表明存在吸附作用. 实验发现氟虫腈存在分子间氢键, 同时氢键也是分散剂分子与氟虫腈颗粒表面结合的重要作用力.     

分散剂表面吸附特性和相关电化学性质对煤浆分散体系流变特性…

采用１７种不同变质程度的中国煤，详细研究了一种阴离子型分散剂在煤表面的吸附特性及其相关的表面电化学性质对煤成浆性及浆体流变特性的影响。结果表明，煤成浆性及浆体流变性并不单独取决于煤对分散剂的吸附量和煤表面动电位的大小。     

分散剂表面吸附特性和相关电化学性质对煤浆分散体系流变特性的影响

采用１７种不同变质程度的中国煤，详细研究了一种阴离子型分散剂在煤表面的吸附特性及其相关的表面电化学性质对煤成浆性及浆体流变特性的影响。结果表明，煤成浆性及浆体流变性并不单独取决于煤对分散剂的吸附量和煤表面动电位的大小。反映煤成浆性的浆体最高煤浆浓度取决于分散剂在煤表面的Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ饱和吸附量Γｓ和相应动电位ξｓ的乘积Γｓ×ξｓ，而浆体流变指数则依赖于两者比值的大小Γｓ／ξｓ。表明水煤浆分散体系中煤颗粒的分散一方面是靠静电分散作用来实现，另一方面，分散剂在煤表面的吸附所产生的非静电分散作用也起了重要作用。同时，分散剂的表面吸附使煤表面产生的吸附荷电效应不能过高，否则，会对流体流变性不利。     

金属离子在煤界面吸附对煤成浆性的影响

本文研究了六种金属离子在三种煤表面的吸附规律，研究结果表明：铜离子能够改善煤的制浆效果，即铜离子加入煤浆中，分散剂的用量降低５０％，煤浆浓度提高；钙、镁、钴、锌离子对煤的成浆性不利的原因是它们不能有效地被吸附到煤表面，游离的金属离子和分散剂发生反应，使得吸附到煤表面的分散剂相对减少，煤的成浆性变差。     

利用分散稳定性分析仪研究水煤浆的稳定性

采用Turbiscan Lab浓缩体系分散稳定性分析仪研究了改性木质素系分散剂（GCL3S）和萘系分散剂（FDN）对水煤浆稳定性及浆体中煤颗粒沉降行为的影响。结果表明,水煤浆中煤粒沉降行为为差异沉降,在水煤浆制备过程中,煤颗粒之间会发生团聚,掺1.0％GCL3S的水煤浆清液区高度及平均沉降速率仅为掺FDN的68％,木质素系分散剂制备的水煤浆稳定性能优于萘系。分散稳定性分析仪不仅可以用于水煤浆的稳定性分析,还有助于揭示分散剂对水煤浆的稳定作用机理。     

Physicochemical Behavior of Sulphonated Acetone-Formaldehyde Resin and Naphthalene Sulfonate-Formaldehyde Condensate in Coal-Water Interface

This article studies the physicochemical characteristic of two anionic dispersants—sulphonated acetone-formaldehyde resin (SAF) and naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate (FDN)—at coal-water interface, including contact angle, adsorption amount, thickness of adsorbed film, and zeta potential, using four different ranks of coals. The results show that SAF has better wetting property than FDN on coal surface. The adsorption amount of SAF in coal-water interface is greater than that of FDN, and that the thickness of adsorbed films of SAF and FDN on Datong coal measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are respectively 6.38 nm and 2.11 nm. Moreover, the measurements of zeta potentials in coal-water interface show that SAF has greater capacity in charging coal surface with electronegativity. Based on the investigation, the adsorption models of SAF and FDN on different rank of coals are presented.     

Surface Behavior of Aminosulfonate Formaldehyde Condensates and Its Dispersion Effect on Cement Paste

The surface physicochemical properties of aminosulfonate formaldehyde condensates (ASP) and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates (FDN) and the dispersion effect on cement paste were investigated. The results showed that these two superplastcizers could hardly reduce the surface tension of aqueous solution, and the surface activity and foam production was rather weak. The adsorption of ASP and FDN on the cement particles followed the Langmuir adsorption equation, characterized as monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorptive amount of ASP on the cement particles was 3.83 mg/g at 20°C, and the adsorption rate constant was 1.00 s^?1, which were less than those of FDN, respectively. The ζ potential of cement particles containing ASP was larger than that containing FDN, and the loss of ζ potential was much less. Study on the XPS spectrograms presented that, the thickness of adsorption layer of ASP on the cement particles was 7.26 nm, while that of FDN was 1.50 nm. It could be concluded that the electrostatic repulsion effect and steric repulsion effect of ASP were stronger than those of FDN, hence ASP had better dispersion effect and fluidity‐retaining ability on the cement paste. When the dosage of superplasticizer was 0.5 wt% of the cement, the fluidity of cement paste with adding ASP was 270 mm, while that with adding FDN was only 150 mm at a mass ratio of water to cement of 0.28. The residual fluidity of cement paste with adding ASP was 167 mm with 2.5 h elapsed at an initial fluidity of 200 mm, while that with adding FDN was only 101 mm.     

Properties of Different Molecular Weight Sodium Lignosulfonate Fractions as Dispersant of Coal‐Water Slurry

Four purified sodium lignosulfonate (SL) samples with different molecular weights were prepared by fractionation using ultrafiltration. The effect of the molecular weights of SL on the apparent viscosity of coal‐water slurry (CWS) was investigated by studying the adsorption amounts and the zeta potentials in the coal‐water interface. The results show that the adsorption behavior of the dispersants in the coal‐water interface is the key factor to affect the dispersing effect, that the higher adsorption amount and compact adsorption film help reduce the viscosity reduction of CWS, and that the zeta potential is also an important factor influenced by the sulfonic group and carboxy contents of the lignosulfonate molecule. Furthermore, SL with a molecular weight ranging from 10000 to 50000 has both a higher adsorbed amount and zeta potential on the coal surface and the best effect on reducing the viscosity of the coal‐water slurry.     

漆酶改性木质素磺酸钠的结构表征及吸附特征

采用漆酶对木质素磺酸钠(木钠)进行改性, 通过凝胶渗透色谱、 电位滴定、 红外光谱和核磁共振等测试方法研究了漆酶改性木钠的结构特征, 结果表明, 漆酶改性对木钠的磺酸基及表面电荷含量影响很小; 在漆酶对木钠的改性过程中既有解聚作用, 又有聚合作用, 反应初期, 漆酶使木钠发生脱甲基反应及部分链接键的断裂, 使酚羟基含量增大和分子量降低, 随着改性时间的延长, 酚羟基含量减少, 分子量变大, 聚合作用占主导地位. 采用静电逐层自组装技术研究了漆酶改性对木钠吸附特征的影响, 紫外光谱以及原子力显微镜的研究结果表明, 当漆酶改性时间为2 h时, 在平板上的吸附量及吸附膜的表面粗糙度最大, 木钠分子呈扁长的椭球形, 而改性时间为36 h时, 木钠聚合为近似球形的大分子结构, 空间位阻增大, 吸附量及吸附膜的表面粗糙度降低.     

Ellipsometry studies of fibronectin adsorption

The adsorption of fibronectin on a series of different surfaces was investigated with in situ ellipsometry. For silica and methylated silica, the adsorbed amount (Γ), the adsorbed layer thickness (δ_el) and the mean adsorbed layer refractive index (n_f) were obtained by a procedure involving studies of the bare substrate at two different ambient refractive indices, as well as four-zone averaging. It was found that the adsorbed amount of fibronectin was the same (1.9 ± 0.1 mg m⁻²) on both silica and methylated silica surfaces. However, the adsorbed layers formed on methylated silica were more extended and had a lower average protein concentration than those formed on silica. Furthermore, on both silica and methylated silica, an increasing adsorbed amount is achieved both by a denser packing of the fibronectin molecules and by a growth of the adsorbed layer normal to the surface. Furthermore, the adsorption of fibronectin on lipid surfaces was investigated. It was found that the adsorption of fibronectin on phosphatidic acid was quite significant (2.2 ± 0.2 mg m⁻²), while that on phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine was much smaller (all 0.1 ± 0.05 mg m⁻²). These results are correlated to findings on the adsorption of fibrinogen on these surfaces, as well as on the opsonization of lipid-stabilized colloidal particles.     

羧甲基纤维素钠和甲基纤维素在ZrO_2微粉上的吸附作用及其对悬浮体稳定性的影响

研究了ZrO2微粉自水中对羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和甲基纤维素（MC）的吸附作用及对ZrO2水悬浮作稳定性的影响．结果表明：（1）CMC的吸附等温线为Langmuir型,CMC可能以较为舒展的方式单层吸附于ZrO2。表面,由于有电性吸引作用在pH3．4时的极限吸附量较pH7．0时的略大;（2）MC的极限吸附量远大于CMC的,MC分子可能以线团状吸附,吸附层厚度可达14～56nm;（3）难较大浓度时MC比CMC更易于使ZrO2悬浮作稳定．     

Casein adsorption on the surfaces of oil-in-water emulsions modified by lecithin

The effects of incorporating an additional component, egg-yolk lecithin, on the properties of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by casein have been studied. The impact of lecithin on the stability of the emulsions was studied using integrated light scattering and the casein-oil-lecithin interaction was studied with photon correlation spectroscopy combined with breakdown of the adsorbed protein layers by proteolysis. Lecithin was found to enhance the stability of the emulsions at low cascin concentrations, below the limiting surface coverage of 1 mg m⁻² of casein which is found in the absence of lecithin. Conversely, small amounts of casein also stabilized flocculating oil-lecithin emulsions. The hydrodynamic thickness of the adsorbed protein layer on the hydrophobic oil surface was modified by the presence of lecithin. When the total surface area occupied by lecithin was less than 10% (5 mg lecithin for 2 ml oil), the thickness of the adsorbed casein layer was not significantly different from that in the absence of phospholipid. At higher concentrations of lecithin, the adsorbed casein layer had a lower minimum value for the layer thickness of 6.5 nm at low casein concentration and an upper plateau value of 8 nm at saturated adsorption, compared to a low limit of 5 nm and a plateau value of 10 nm in the absence of lecithin, demonstrating that the structure of the adsorbed casein layer was changed by the presence of phospholipid.