二茂铁的添加对酚醛树脂基球形活性炭活化特性以及孔径分布的影响

通过在酚醛树脂中添加有机金属二茂铁的方法,制备出含有大量中孔的酚醛树脂基球形活性炭（PHSAC）。结果表明,添加二茂铁有助于酚醛树脂基球形炭的均匀活化和提高其活化速率。不添加二茂铁的酚醛树脂基球形活炭是典型的微孔活性炭。而添加了二茂铁的酚醛树脂基球形活性炭不但含有微孔,而且含有3-5nm和10-90nm的中孔。     

添加聚乙二醇对酚醛树脂基球形活性炭结构和性能的影响

在以线型树脂为原料制备球形活性炭的过程中存在炭难以活化以及所制备活性炭比表积小的问题,本工作对针对此问题,提出了在线型酚醛树脂中添加聚乙二醇作为造孔剂的新方法来制备球形活性炭。结果表明：在线型酚醛树脂中添加17．6％的聚乙二醇中所制备的球形炭具有良好的活性特性;深度活化的球形活性炭球表炭球形完整,结构均匀,与未添加造孔剂的试样相比,该球形活性炭具有比表面积大,中孔率较大以及对肌酐的平衡吸附量大的特点。     

有机金属化合物降低柴油机炭烟排放及其机理的研究

在直喷式柴油机上按自由加速法进行了柴油机炭烟排放试验，考察了8种有机金属化合物降低炭烟排放的效果，并对其作用机理进行了研究。实验表明，8种有机金属化合物均能有效降低炭烟排放，降烟效果顺序为二壬基萘磺酸钡>二茂铁>环烷酸铁>石油磺酸钡>环烷酸锰>环烷酸铜>环烷酸钡>环烷酸铈。在纯柴油中添加4‰二壬基萘磺酸钡时，降低炭烟排放40.7%；添加1‰二茂铁时，降低炭烟排放35.3%。试验还表明，有机结构影响有机金属化合物的降烟效果，同时影响着它在添加量上的感受性。炭烟的生成，主要与生成的乙炔（C2H2）和多环芳香烃（PAH）有关，而炭烟的氧化则与炭烟周围氧浓度和炭烟颗粒表面积有关。多数有机金属化合物本身携氧，能使燃油迅速分解生成CO，CO的增加使PAH明显减少，从而抑止炭烟的生成。茂型金属有机物能活化CO分子，进而有效抑止炭烟先导物的生成。     

黑色微弧氧化膜的制备及其表征

利用二次微弧氧化法,通过在磷酸盐体系的电解液中添加柠檬酸铁,在AZ40M镁合金基底表面成功制备了黑色的微弧氧化膜层。并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分别对黑色膜层的形貌和成分组成进行了表征,探讨了黑色微弧氧化膜层的形成过程及机理。结果显示,黑色膜层的主要成分为氧化镁,同时伴随着一定量的铁氧化物,包括四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁和单质铁。因此镁基底表面黑色膜层的形成可归因于柠檬酸铁中的铁离子在成膜过程中参与反应形成了黑色的四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁和单质铁混合物,并均匀地沉积在氧化膜中。     

磁性碳化硅陶瓷先驱体聚铁碳硅烷的研究

通过低分子量的聚硅烷与二茂铁反应合成了聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS).探索了反应温度、裂解温度、二茂铁含量等因素对合成PFCS的影响.元素分析、红外光谱、氢谱分析表明,铁被引入到PFCS中,PFCS与聚碳硅烷的结构相似.高温裂解聚铁碳硅烷所得碳化硅陶瓷具有一定的磁性.     

纤维素纳米晶模板法制备多级孔炭材料及其电化学性能

以纤维素纳米晶(CNC)为模板,酚醛树脂为碳源,KOH为活化剂,通过高温碳化制备了多级孔炭材料.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等手段对合成的一系列炭材料进行了表征.结果表明,前驱体中CNC的降解会形成与CNC直径相当的介孔,KOH活化则会导致炭材料产生大量的微孔和大孔,以及部分4 nm左右较小尺度的介孔,所制备炭材料呈现明显的多级孔特性,其比表面积达554.7 m²/g,总孔体积为0.323 cm³/g.以CNC为模板,KOH活化的炭材料作为电极材料时,在1.0 A/g电流密度下其比电容达202.8 F/g,当电流密度升高至40.0 A/g时,其电容保持率仍达69%,表明该炭材料具有优异的倍率性能;由该电极材料组装的超级电容器在10000次充放电循环后,电容保持率达95%以上,具有良好的循环稳定性.     

自组装合成Fe-N-C-PANI有序介孔结构催化剂及其在酸性条件下的氧还原活性

采用乙醇挥发自组装法,以F127为模版,甲阶酚醛树脂为碳源,聚苯胺为配体,加入硝酸铁和硅酸盐,制备了有序多级孔的Fe-N-C-PANI催化剂.催化剂的成分和形貌表征结果表明,在热处理温度为800℃时,有序介孔的结构最清晰,拥有整齐的孔道和最高的比表面积（1007 m²/g）;XPS分析结果表明,吡啶氮原子和石墨氮原子含量（摩尔分数）为3.86%.热处理温度升高过程中Fe（Ⅲ）被还原,向单质Fe转化,并促进了N的掺杂,使碳化铁转化为Fe-N_x活性位点,提高了催化剂的氧还原反应（ORR）催化活性,热处理温度达到900℃时,过多的单质铁使其氧还原活性下降.在酸性溶液中,Fe-N-C-PANI-800催化剂的起始电位可达0.89 V,半波电势为0.81 V.有序介孔结构使催化剂更易石墨化,提高了材料的稳定性.     

N-烷基双二茂铁甲胺类化合物的合成研究

双二茂铁甲醇、2，1′二乙基双二藏铁甲醇和3，1′－二乙基双二茂铁甲醇与BF3在CH2C12中作用，形成相应的双二茂铁甲基碳正离子。无需从反应混合物中分离出来，该离子与乙胺、丙胺以及丁胺分别反应得到了9种标题化合物。研究了化合物的物性与其结构的关系；研究了反应物质的量比对反应的影响。通过元素分析、IR和^1HNMR确证了化合物的结构。     

石油焦制备炭分子筛的原位合成TG-DTA研究与机理考察

以石油焦合成新型微孔炭分子筛是石油焦升值利用的有效途径.实验采用TG-DTA原位技术,研究了石油焦合成炭分子筛反应过程的全貌.还采用反应快速终止技术研究不同活化阶段反应产物的结构特点.并结合实验现象,推测活化过程分两步进行,活化反应在低温段和高温段存在两种不同的活化机理即低温强碱活化机理和高温金属离子活化机理.利用TG-DTA原位技术考察金属离子对石油焦的活化过程.     

载Mo和Ni-Mo酚醛树脂基活性炭加氢催化转化羰基硫的研究

将水溶性酚醛树脂与金属盐溶液混合形成均相体系,依次通过减压蒸馏、固化、炭化、活化和预硫化处理制备负载金属硫化物的活性炭脱硫剂;研究其对羰基硫（COS）的加氢转化催化活性,考察了担载金属的种类、担载量、反应温度、反应时间和COS入口浓度等因素对催化反应的影响。研究结果表明,水溶性酚醛树脂是制备催化剂炭载体的理想前驱体;Ni Mo双组分催化剂对COS的加氢催化转化活性明显高于Mo单组分催化剂;在金属硫化物/活性炭催化剂上,COS的催化加氢过程属于内扩散控制,加氢反应气氛中一定浓度含硫组分的存在是抑制催化剂失硫及维持其催化活性的必要条件。     

Reduction of Iron(III) Ion by Activated Carbon Fiber

The mechanisms of adsorption of iron(II) ion, iron(III) ion, and reduced iron(III) ion onto an activated carbon fiber and the ability of carbon fibers to reduce iron(III) ion were investigated on the basis of the amounts of iron ion adsorbed. The amount of iron(II) ion adsorbed onto the activated carbon fiber increased with increasing adsorption temperature. Iron(II) ion was more easily removed by the activated carbon fiber than iron(III) ion. Iron(III) ion was adsorbed onto the activated carbon fiber after being reduced to iron(II) ion. The reduction ability of A-20 was stronger than that of A-10 because the hydrophilic groups of A-20 were larger than those of A-10. It is concluded that the activated carbon fiber has a reduction effect on iron(III) ion and that the reduction effect of the activated carbon fiber depended on the number of hydrophilic groups on the activated carbon fiber. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

高频红外碳硫分析仪测定含碳化硅耐火材料中碳化硅含量

采用对试样进行灼烧预处理的方法,除去游离碳,用锡粒、纯铁、钨粒作为助熔剂,并以钢铁标准样品校正仪器,高频燃烧红外吸收法测定含碳化硅耐火材料中的碳化硅含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.07%(n=6),该法与化学法的测定结果较接近,精密度和准确度均满足化学分析的要求。     

电弧炉燃烧-红外法测定碳量与硫量

电弧炉与红外碳、硫分析仪配套，用于测定硅铁、金属锰、矿石、铬铁、钒铁、合金钢铸铁、水泥、微晶玻璃，阳极泥等物质中碳量和硫量，结果满意。     

MgO负载Fe基催化剂选择性合成单/双/多壁碳纳米管

通过浸渍及水热处理获得MgO负载的Fe基催化剂,并将其用于化学气相沉积过程裂解甲烷获得碳纳米管.结果表明,单/双/多壁碳纳米管可选择性地生长在Fe负载量不同的Fe/MgO催化剂上.当Fe负载量仅为0.5%时,铁原子在载体表面烧结为0.8～1.2nm的铁颗粒,碳在这种小颗粒上以表面扩散为主,导致单壁碳纳米管形成,并且单壁碳纳米管的选择性高达90%.当Fe负载量提高到3%时,铁原子聚集成约2.0nm的颗粒,在化学气相沉积中生长碳纳米管时,碳在Fe催化剂颗粒中的体相扩散的贡献增大,在表相扩散和体相扩散的共同作用下,双壁碳纳米管的选择性显著增高.当进一步增加Fe负载量时,铁原子烧结形成1～8nm的颗粒,经过化学气相沉积,在催化剂上生长了单、双、多壁碳纳米管.随着Fe在MgO载体上负载量的增加,管径、管壁数以及半导体管的含量都增加.本研究提供了一种适合大批量选择性生长单/双/多壁碳纳米管的方法.     

THE ACTION SPECTRA OF FREE RADICALS PRODUCED BY THE IRRADIATION OF KERATIN CONTAINING BOUND IRON(III) IONS

Abstract—The action spectra have been determined for two free radical species produced by irradiating wool protein containing bound iron(III) ions with light between 330 and 540 nm. The faster growing free radical displays an action spectrum with a peak at 405–415 nm. It is suggested that an iron (III) ion-sulphur complex is the chromophore responsible for the formation of this carbon type radical.     

铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成低碳烯烃

研究了常压下铁钴双金属催化剂上二氧化碳催化加氢合成低碳烯烃的反应,考察了钴含量、反应温度对二氧化碳转化率、产物选择性的影响。结果表明,钴的添加有利于铁的碳化,提高了二氧化碳转化率,降低了一氧化碳选择性,提高了甲烷选择性,适量钴的添加促进了二氧化碳向烃的转化。在铁钴摩尔比６７∶３３,反应温度３５０℃,反应空速５０００ｍｌｇ－１ｈ－１条件下,二氧化碳转化率达到２８１％,Ｃ＋２选择性达到１１６％,烯烷比５     

Competitive Adsorption of Chloroform and Iron Ion onto Activated Carbon Fiber

Chloroform in tap water has been a significant problem because it may be a carcinogenic substituent. Iron ion exists in tap water because of dissolution from iron water pipes. Iron ions in tap water cause discoloration and a bad odor. The isotherms of chloroform and iron ion adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in a single solution (chloroform or iron ion) and in a binary mixture solution (chloroform and iron ion) were investigated to estimate the competitiveness between chloroform and iron ions. The amount of adsorbed iron ions increased with increasing pore volume of the activated carbon fibers, while that of chloroform decreased. The amount of chloroform adsorbed onto the activated carbon fibers in the binary mixture solution was greater than that in the single solution. These results indicate that the adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fibers could be competitive.     

STUDY ON XPS OF IRON CATALYSTS

IntroduCtioniron-basedcatalystSareactiveinformingliquidfuelsfromthehydrogenationofCO[l~6].However,itiswellknownthatthepoisoningofironcatalystsespeciallythesulfurandoXygenisoneofthemostseriousdeactivationproblemsincommercialproduCtionofsubstitUtenatUralgas…     

Study on Diameter Controlled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by LaAl1-xFexO3 Catalysts

A series of LaAl1-xFexO3 catalysts prepared with lanthanum nitrate, aluminium nitrate and iron nitrate was investigated in catalytical syntheses of carbon nanotubes with high yields and purity. The properties of carbon nanotubes prepared by the method of CVD(chemical vapor deposition) with n-hexane as the carbon resource were studied and it was shown that the diameter of carbon nanotubes can be controlled by the molar ratio of iron to aluminum in the catalysts and that the diameter of carbon nanotubes changes a little with the decrease of the iron content in the catalysts. From the TEM pictures of carbon nanotubes, it can be found that the LaAl1-xFexO3 catalysts have a significant influence on the wall thickness of the carbon nanotubes, whereas they have little influence on the inner diameter of the carbon nanotubes.     

Iron(III) Oxide Graphite Composite Electrodes: Application to the Electroanalytical Detection of Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide

Composite electrodes based on iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃, carbon powder and epoxy resin have been prepared and characterized using electrochemical methods and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Initially composite electrodes were made by mixing micron sized carbon powder surface with iron(III) oxide. However, the voltammetric responses were unsatisfactory. Therefore, a new type of composite electrodes was made using carbon powder modified with iron(III) oxide via a wet impregnation procedure. This technique involves saturation of the carbon powder with iron(III) nitrate followed by thermal treatment at ca. 623 K forming iron(III) oxide on the surface of the carbon powder.