Stability of oscillatory solutions of differential equations with general piecewise constant arguments of mixed type

We examine scalar differential equations with general piecewise constant arguments of mixed type, in short DEPCAG of mixed type, that is, the arguments are general step functions. Criteria of existence of the oscillatory and nonoscillatory solutions of such equations are proposed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of the zero solution are obtained. Our results are new, extend and improve earlier publications. Several numerical examples and simulations are also given to show the feasibility of our results.     

Existence and Global Convergence of Periodic Solutions in Recurrent Neural Network Models with a General Piecewise Alternately Advanced and Retarded Argument

This paper is concerned with existence, uniqueness and global exponential stability of a periodic solution for recurrent neural network described by a system of differential equations with piecewise constant argument of generalized type (in short DEPCAG). The model involves both advanced and delayed arguments. Employing Banach fixed point theorem combined with Green’s function and DEPCAG integral inequality of Gronwall type, we obtain some novel sufficient conditions ensuring the existence as well as the global convergence of the periodic solution. Our results are new, extend and improve earlier publications. Several numerical examples and simulations are also given to show the feasibility of our results.     

Oscillatory and periodic solutions of differential equations with piecewise constant generalized mixed arguments

We study scalar advanced and delayed differential equations with piecewise constant generalized arguments, in short DEPCAG of mixed type, that is, the arguments are general step functions. It is shown that the argument deviation generates, under certain conditions, oscillations of the solutions, which is an impossible phenomenon for the corresponding equation without the argument deviations. Criteria for existence of periodic solutions of such equations are discussed. New criteria extend and improve related results reported in the literature. The efficiency of our criteria is illustrated via several numerical examples and simulations.     

Pseudo-almost periodic solutions of neutral integral and differential equations with applications

The existence and uniqueness of pseudo-almost periodic solutions to general neutral integral equations with deviations are obtained. For this, pseudo-almost periodic functions in two variables are considered. The results extend the corresponding ones to the convolution type integral equations. They are used to study pseudo-almost periodic solutions of general neutral differential equations and to the so-called scalar neutral logistic equation version.     

Topological linearization of DEPCAGs with unbounded nonlinear terms

In this paper, we study the global topological linearization of a differential equation with piecewise constant argument of generalized type (DEPCAG) when the nonlinear term is unbounded. Some sufficient conditions are established for the topological conjugacy between a nonlinear system and its linear system. Our work generalizes the main result of Pinto and Robledo in [25].     

A second-order nonlinear problem with two-point and integral boundary conditions

The paper gives sufficient conditions for the existence and nonuniqueness of monotone solutions of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the second order subject to two nonlinear boundary conditions one of which is two-point and the other is integral. The proof is based on an existence result for a problem with functional boundary conditions obtained by the author in [6].     

Well-posedness and spectral properties of heat and wave equations with non-local conditions

We consider the one-dimensional heat and wave equations but – instead of boundary conditions – we impose on the solution certain non-local, integral constraints. An appropriate Hilbert setting leads to an integration-by-parts formula in Sobolev spaces of negative order and eventually allows us to use semigroup theory leading to analytic well-posedness, hence sharpening regularity results previously obtained by other authors. In doing so we introduce a parametrization of such integral conditions that includes known cases but also shows the connection with more usual boundary conditions, like periodic ones. In the self-adjoint case, we even obtain eigenvalue asymptotics of so-called Weyl?s type.     

Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to nonlinear delay integral equations

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to some nonlinear delay integral equations. We first establish a new fixed point theorem for mixed monotone operator in a cone, and then, with its help, we obtain existence theorems of positive almost automorphic solutions. Some examples are given to illustrate our results. As one will see, even in the case of almost periodicity, our theorems extend some earlier results, and moreover, the approach dealing with the integral equation arising in an epidemic problem in this paper is also new.     

Existence of nontrivial solutions for a nonlinear Sturm–Liouville problem with integral boundary conditions

This paper deals with the existence of nontrivial solutions for a nonlinear singular Sturm–Liouville problem with integral boundary conditions.     

Pseudo-Abelian integrals along Darboux cycles: A codimension one case

We investigate a polynomial perturbation of an integrable, non-Hamiltonian system with first integral of Darboux type. In the paper [M. Bobieński, P. Mardeši?, Pseudo-Abelian integrals along Darboux cycles, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., in press] the generic case was studied. In the present paper we study a degenerate, codimension one case. We consider 1-parameter unfolding of a non-generic case. The main result of the paper is an analog of Varchenko-Kchovanskii theorem for pseudo-Abelian integrals.     

Problems for elliptic equations with operator-boundary conditions

We consider, in a Hilbert space H, a problem on [0,1] for a second order elliptic operator-differential equation with operator-boundary conditions. We also consider second order elliptic differential equations with operatorboundary conditions in cylindrical domains in the case when operator-boundary conditions contain integral terms over the whole domain. In this case, the proof of the density of the domain of definition of operators in a space is difficult. When boundary conditions are local, this fact is a simple corollary of the density ofC ₀ () inL _p ().     

(Modified) Fredholm Determinants for Operators with Matrix-Valued Semi-Separable Integral Kernels Revisited

We revisit the computation of (2-modified) Fredholm determinants for operators with matrix-valued semi-separable integral kernels. The latter occur, for instance, in the form of Greens functions associated with closed ordinary differential operators on arbitrary intervals on the real line. Our approach determines the (2-modified) Fredholm determinants in terms of solutions of closely associated Volterra integral equations, and as a result offers a natural way to compute such determinants.We illustrate our approach by identifying classical objects such as the Jost function for half-line Schrödinger operators and the inverse transmission coe.cient for Schrödinger operators on the real line as Fredholm determinants, and rederiving the well-known expressions for them in due course. We also apply our formalism to Floquet theory of Schrödinger operators, and upon identifying the connection between the Floquet discriminant and underlying Fredholm determinants, we derive new representations of the Floquet discriminant.Finally, we rederive the explicit formula for the 2-modified Fredholm determinant corresponding to a convolution integral operator, whose kernel is associated with a symbol given by a rational function, in a straghtforward manner. This determinant formula represents a Wiener-Hopf analog of Days formula for the determinant associated with finite Toeplitz matrices generated by the Laurent expansion of a rational function.     

(Modified) Fredholm Determinants for Operators with Matrix-Valued Semi-Separable Integral Kernels Revisited

We revisit the computation of (2-modified) Fredholm determinants for operators with matrix-valued semi-separable integral kernels. The latter occur, for instance, in the form of Greens functions associated with closed ordinary differential operators on arbitrary intervals on the real line. Our approach determines the (2-modified) Fredholm determinants in terms of solutions of closely associated Volterra integral equations, and as a result offers a natural way to compute such determinants.We illustrate our approach by identifying classical objects such as the Jost function for half-line Schrödinger operators and the inverse transmission coefficient for Schrödinger operators on the real line as Fredholm determinants, and rederiving the well-known expressions for them in due course. We also apply our formalism to Floquet theory of Schrödinger operators, and upon identifying the connection between the Floquet discriminant and underlying Fredholm determinants, we derive new representations of the Floquet discriminant.Finally, we rederive Böttchers formula for the 2-modified Fredholm determinant corresponding to a convolution integral operator, whose kernel is associated with a symbol given by a rational function, in a straghtforward manner. This determinant formula represents a Wiener-Hopf analog of Days formula for the determinant associated with finite Toeplitz matrices generated by the Laurent expansion of a rational function.     

Travelling wave fronts in reaction-diffusion systems with spatio-temporal delays

This paper deals with the existence of travelling wave fronts in reaction-diffusion systems with spatio-temporal delays. Our approach is to use monotone iterations and a nonstandard ordering for the set of profiles of the corresponding wave system. New iterative techniques are established for a class of integral operators when the reaction term satisfies different monotonicity conditions. Following this, the existence of travelling wave fronts for reaction-diffusion systems with spatio-temporal delays is established. Finally, we apply the main results to a single-species diffusive model with spatio-temporal delay and obtain some existence criteria of travelling wave fronts by choosing different kernels.     

Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to neutral nonlinear integral equations

This paper is concerned with neutral nonlinear delay integral equations. We establish an existence theorem for positive almost automorphic solutions to the equations, which extend some existing results even in the case of almost periodicity. Some examples are given to illustrate our results.     

Null space distributions—A new approach to finite convolution equations with a Hankel kernel

In some earlier publications it has been shown that the solutions of the boundary integral equations for some mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation permit integral representations in terms of solutions of associated complicated singular algebraic ordinary differential equations. The solutions of these differential equations, however, are required to be known on some infinite interval on the real line, which is unsatisfactory from a practical point of view. In this paper, for the example of one specific boundary integral equation, the relevant solutions of the associated differential equation are expressed by integrals which contain only one unknown generalized function, the support of this generalized function is no longer unbounded but a compact subset of the real line. This generalized function is a distributional solution of the homogeneous boundary integral equation. By this null space distribution the boundary integral equation can be solved for arbitrary right-hand sides, this solution method can be considered of being analogous to the method of variation of parameters in the theory of ordinary differential equations. The nature of the singularities of the null space distribution is worked out and it is shown that the null space distribution itself can be expressed by solutions of the associated ordinary differential equation.     

Monotone method for a system of nonlinear mixed type implicit impulsive integro-differential equations in Banach spaces

In this paper, by using a monotone iterative technique in the presence of lower and upper solutions, we discuss the existence of solutions for a new system of nonlinear mixed type implicit impulsive integro-differential equations in Banach spaces. Under wide monotonicity conditions and the noncompactness measure conditions, we also obtain the existence of extremal solutions and a unique solution between lower and upper solutions.     

On Some Second Order Differential Equations with Convergent Solutions

Via a special integral transformation, asymptotic integration results for ordinary differential equations are used to establish accurate asymptotic developments for radial solutions of the elliptic equation Δu + K(|x|)e ^u = 0, |x| > x ₀ > 0, in the bidimensional case.     

Nonexistence of the reversed flow solutions of the Falkner-Skan equations

Nonexistence of reversed flow solutions of the well-known Falkner-Skan equations arising in the boundary layer theory is considered analytically. A new system of two singular integral equations are proposed and studied, which plays a key role in the study of reversed flow solutions. The properties of the velocity and the shear stress of the reversed flows are provided. These properties describe the shapes and behaviors of the curves of the velocity and the shear stress functions. A new lower bound of the skin-friction which is useful in numerical analysis is given. The results on the nonexistence of reversed flow solutions can be used to estimate the exact critical value which is of importance in aeronautics because separation occurs at this value.     

Existence of nondensely defined evolution equations with nonlocal conditions

This paper is concerned with the existence for nondensely defined evolution equations with nonlocal conditions. Using the techniques of fixed point theory and approximate solutions, existence results are obtained, for integral solutions, when the nonlocal item is Lipschitz continuous or continuous, respectively. Examples are also given to illustrate our results.