实验室管理系统结合短信平台在食品检测标准物质管理中的应用

食品检测实验室大量使用标准物质,而根据实验室认可及资质认定等文件规定,标准物质在使用管理上需要完备的记录链,数量众多的标准物质使实验室标准物质管理增加了难度。利用实验室管理系统与短信平台相结合的技术管理标准物质,构建标准物质采购、入库、验收、保存、使用等信息管理系统,使标准物质管理中物流与信息流保持同步,提高了实验室标准物质管理水平。     

国内标准物质概况及重点领域发展现状

介绍标准物质的层级分类及重点领域内标准物质的研发现状。标准物质有两种分类方法:术语层级分类和计量学层级分类,国内标准物质按照等级划分为一级、二级标准物质、标准样品和行业标准样品。介绍了标准物质生产资质和标准物质证书的要求,以及重点领域医药、金属、油品、食品、环境标准物质的发展现状。     

正确使用标准物质/标准样品

介绍了标准物质与标准样品、有证与非有证标准物质/标准样品的区别与联系,国內外有证标准物质/标准样品的判断依据,标准物质/标准样品及其证书的科学使用。对正确理解和使用标准物质/标准样品提出了一些建议。     

地质分析中标准物质的选用及注意事项

对地质分析时使用标准物质的一般原则、容易忽略的问题、贵金属标准物质的选择、过期标准物质的选择、疑难样品“标准物质室”的建立、仪器期间核查标准物质的选择进行了论述。     

煤、焦炭标准物质的稳定性考察及评价

介绍了影响煤、焦炭标准物质稳定性的因素，以实际煤、焦炭标准物质为例，考察了煤、焦炭标准物质的稳定性，介绍了评价煤、焦炭标准物质稳定性的方法，提出了保证煤、焦炭标准物质稳定性的措施。     

环境监测分析中标准物质的选择及应用

针对分析人员对标准物质概念不清、使用不规范等问题,就环境监测领域标准物质选择和应用方法做了梳理.从标准物质的概念、区分有证和非有证标准物质的方法、标准物质的应用范围及标准物质的使用注意事项等4个方面系统地进行了梳理,重点阐述了有证标准物质和非有证标准物质的概念区别及使用时的误区,为分析人员在实际工作中出具准确数据提供理...     

《实用地质分析标准物质手册》(第二版汉英对照)

编者收集整理了当今地质分析所用的标准物质647个,按其特征和不同应用分成6个部分介绍,即元素整体分析标准物质、超细粒度标准物质、化学物相和元素形态分析标准物质、微区原位分析标准物质、同位素及地质年代学分析标准     

《实用地质分析标准物质手册》(第二版汉英对照)

编者收集整理了当今地质分析所用的标准物质647个,按其特征和不同应用分成6个部分介绍,即元素整体分析标准物质、超细粒度标准物质、化学物相和元素形态分析标准物质、微区原位分析标准物质、同位素及地质年代学分析标准物质、有机污染物分析标准物质。为了适应不同的查找方式,手册中有4种表格提供查找(综合信息表、定值信息表、定值数据简表、特性量值索引)。     

《实用地质分析标准物质手册》(第二版 汉英对照)

编者收集整理了当今地质分析所用的标准物质647个,按其特征和不同应用分成6个部分介绍,即元素整体分析标准物质、超细粒度标准物质、化学物相和元素形态分析标准物质、微区原位分析标准物质、同位素及地质年代学分析标准     

化学标准物质期间核查方法

从认可实验室管理的角度,阐述了化学标准物质期间核查的目的和意义。化学标准物质常见期间核查方法有实验室比对或能力验证、标准物质间比对、控制图法、允差法及标定法。结合实例介绍了化学标准物质期间核查的具体过程,为开展化学标准物质期间核查工作提供参考。     

Preparation and certification of creatinine and urea reference materials with certified purity as a traceability source in clinical chemical measurements

Purity certified reference materials (CRMs) are playing a key role in metrological traceability, because they form the basis for many traceability chains in chemistry. Recently, the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) has developed two purity CRMs for creatinine (NMIJ CRM 6005-a) and urea (NMIJ CRM 6006-a), because the concentrations of these two compounds are frequently measured in clinical laboratories for monitoring the renal functions. In the certification of purity CRMs, it is essential that the materials have been thoroughly characterized for purity, and the purity should preferably be determined directly by a primary method of measurements. In the development of these two CRMs, we used the purified materials as candidates. The certified values were assigned based on the results of two different methods; acidimetric titration and nitrogen determination by the Kjeldahl method. Since both methods cannot distinguish some impurities from the target compounds, major impurities in the candidate materials were also identified, quantified, and subtracted. These CRMs can provide a traceability link between routine clinical methods and SI units. Presented at BERM-11, October 2007, Tsukuba, Japan.     

CRMs for quality control of determinations of chemical forms of elements in support to EU legislation

The concern for the control of toxic chemical forms of elements in the environment is reflected by an increasing number of analyses performed by research and routine laboratories. The European Commission has recognised the need to include some of these species in the list of dangerous substances to be monitored, e.g. in the marine environment or in groundwater. However, in most cases, the specifications are far from being sufficient in respect to the chemical forms of the element to be determined. Furthermore, these determinations are in most cases based on multi-step analytical techniques which are often prone to errors (e.g. at the extraction, derivatization or separation steps). Certified reference materials (CRMs) certified for their content in chemical forms of elements are, therefore, necessary to ensure the accuracy of these measurements and hence the respect of the regulations. However, the lack of CRMs for speciation analysis hampers the quality control of determinations which in turn leads to an incomparability of data produced; so far the number of CRMs produced by international organisations, e.g. NIST (USA), NIES (Japan), NRCC (Canada) and BCR (Belgium), is very limited and concerns mainly compounds such as e.g. methyl-mercury and butyltin compounds in biological matrices or sediments. The Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission has started a series of projects for the improvement of speciation analysis in environmental matrices, the final aim of which being the production of a variety of environmental CRMs. The existing EU legislation involving chemical forms of elements is presented, the requirements for the preparation of CRMs for speciation analysis are discussed and an update of the most recent CRMs produced within the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) is given.     

CRMs for quality control of determinations of chemical forms of elements in support to EU legislation

The concern for the control of toxic chemical forms of elements in the environment is reflected by an increasing number of analyses performed by research and routine laboratories. The European Commission has recognised the need to include some of these species in the list of dangerous substances to be monitored, e.g. in the marine environment or in groundwater. However, in most cases, the specifications are far from being sufficient in respect to the chemical forms of the element to be determined. Furthermore, these determinations are in most cases based on multi-step analytical techniques which are often prone to errors (e.g. at the extraction, derivatization or separation steps). Certified reference materials (CRMs) certified for their content in chemical forms of elements are, therefore, necessary to ensure the accuracy of these measurements and hence the respect of the regulations. However, the lack of CRMs for speciation analysis hampers the quality control of determinations which in turn leads to an incomparability of data produced; so far the number of CRMs produced by international organisations, e.g. NIST (USA), NIES (Japan), NRCC (Canada) and BCR (Belgium), is very limited and concerns mainly compounds such as e.g. methyl-mercury and butyltin compounds in biological matrices or sediments. The Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission has started a series of projects for the improvement of speciation analysis in environmental matrices, the final aim of which being the production of a variety of environmental CRMs. The existing EU legislation involving chemical forms of elements is presented, the requirements for the preparation of CRMs for speciation analysis are discussed and an update of the most recent CRMs produced within the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) is given.     

The deplorable state of the description of the use of certified reference materials in the literature.

A detailed survey of 26 scientific journals showed that journal editors and a majority of authors of the re- c viewed papers seem unconcerned by the importance of correctly reporting their use of certified reference materials (CRMs). Only around 55% of the abstracts surveyed mention the use of CRMs described in these papers. This, however, is of key importance as the abstract of a paper is most widely available in electronic media. Many authors mentioned the use of CRMs in passing, often in incomplete form and without giving any details of the results obtained. Some are confused about the source of the reference material used, as they fail to report the type or the producer of CRMs applied. Others use materials that do not match the samples analyzed or do not see the need to use any CRM, despite the availability of suitable materials. Even in cases where correct data were given for type and producer of the CRMs, frequently the proper use and statistical evaluation are questionable. To improve this situation it is necessary that publishers should give recommendations where and how the use of CRMs should be described.     

NIES certified reference materials for arsenic speciation

 The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) recently prepared two candidate certified reference materials (CRMs) for arsenicals to meet the growing demand for the quality assurance of arsenic speciation analysis. The NIES candidate CRM No. 14 Brown Alga was prepared from Hijiki seaweed for the certification of inorganic arsenic content, and No. 15 Scallop was prepared from adductor muscle of scallop for the certification of arsenobetaine content. The preparation of the candidate CRMs is briefly described. Cooperative analyses for total arsenic content of the candidate CRMs have been underway. The preliminary speciation analysis at NIES revealed difficulty in establishing suitable conditions for extracting arsenic species from the materials. Chromatograms of arsenic species by a high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection system are presented to provide information about arsenic species present in these candidate CRMs.     

The deplorable state of the description of the use of certified reference materials in the literature

A detailed survey of 26 scientific journals showed that journal editors and a majority of authors of the reviewed papers seem unconcerned by the importance of correctly reporting their use of certified reference materials (CRMs). Only around 55% of the abstracts surveyed mention the use of CRMs described in these papers. This, however, is of key importance as the abstract of a paper is most widely available in electronic media. Many authors mentioned the use of CRMs in passing, often in incomplete form and without giving any details of the results obtained. Some are confused about the source of the reference material used, as they fail to report the type or the producer of CRMs applied. Others use materials that do not match the samples analyzed or do not see the need to use any CRM, despite the availability of suitable materials. Even in cases where correct data were given for type and producer of the CRMs, frequently the proper use and statistical evaluation are questionable. To improve this situation it is necessary that publishers should give recommendations where and how the use of CRMs should be described.     

Matrix certified reference materials for environmental monitoring from the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)

Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) are playing an increasingly important role in environmental monitoring in Japan. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has been developing matrix CRMs for environmental monitoring since 2001, and has issued nine kinds of CRMs as NMIJ CRMs. The development of the CRMs was conducted in NMIJ in cooperation with candidate material producers. The isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was principally adopted to give reliable certified values. Meanwhile, two or more analytical methods, whose levels of accuracy were well evaluated, were applied to avoid any possible analytical bias. Two typical certification processes, the certification of river water CRMs for trace element analysis and that of marine sediment CRMs for PCB and organochlorine pesticide analysis, are outlined as examples. Presented at -- “BERM-10” -- April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA.     

Certified reference materials as a quality tool in food control: much used—often misused—sometimes abused

Certified reference materials (CRMs) are important tools in the quality control of food analyses. There are, however, many ways in which CRMs can be abused and misused. It can be due to ignorance, as well as to overuse of expensive materials. The major drawback of CRMs is probably that the analyst knows the level of the analyte. The statistical evaluation of CRM results in reports and publications is often limited to a comparison between the found and the certified levels, which yields little, and sometimes erroneous, information. Recoveries based on CRMs often give a picture that is far too bright, with little consideration of uncertainties. The way the use of CRMs is described in most scientific journals is often very crude and shows that CRMs are seldom used to their full capacity. The objective of this paper is to try to summarise the ways in which a CRM can be misused and thereby put into focus how to make better use of such materials. It also gives examples on how to evaluate CRMs, using a procedure that was recently introduced by the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis.     

Efficient production of reference materials of hazardous organics using smart calibration by nuclear magnetic resonance

The accurate quantification of pesticide residues in food is an important factor in assuring the quality of life of our citizens. In general, chromatographic methods are used, which require certified reference materials (CRMs) for each analyte of interest for accurate quantitative analysis. Recently, regulation of pesticides in food, limiting the positive maximum residue (positive list system) has been brought into effect in Japan. Furthermore, ISO/IEC 17025 requires calibration and testing laboratories to program calibrations and measurements traceable to the International System of Units (SI). Accordingly, these laboratories need a suite of CRMs that are traceable to the SI. In order to address these requirements for every analyte of interest in an efficient manner, a new approach to producing SI traceable CRMs is required. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used widely in chemical analysis. One of the well known characteristics of NMR is the proportional relationship between peak area and the number of nuclei contributing to the peak. If accurate relative intensities of peak areas are obtained, this provides an attractive quantitative tool for organic compounds. The area of a signal from an analyte can be measured with respect to another signal originating from a comparator that has been added to the sample solution. The chosen comparator should not react with the analyte or resonate at any chemical shift similar to that of the analyte. This enables us to produce SI traceable CRMs more effectively. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach for producing CRMs for pesticides using quantitative NMR??an SI traceable quantitative technique.     

Overview about biological and environmental certified reference materials in the database COMAR

The Database COMAR now includes data from more than 8640 CRMs supplied by 180 producers in 24 countries. These data are divided into 8 main categories, containing up to 10 sub-categories. Quality of life as well as biological and clinical CRMs are two main categories where a great increase could be observed in the past years. These fields represent approximately 20|X% of the data records. Therefore it will be possible to gather different statistical information from these data.