氟锆酸盐玻璃中Tm^3＋和（Tm^3＋＋Ho^3＋）离子的光谱研究

给出氟锆酸（ＺＢＬＡＮ）玻璃中＾Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋离子的Ｑｔ参量，并与氧化物玻璃中Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋的Ｑｔ参量进行了比较，用３７５ｎｍ和４６８ｎｍ波长激发单掺ＺＢＬＡＮ中Ｔｍ＾３＋离子，获得来自Ｄ，２，＾３Ｈ４，Ｇ４能级不同发射波长的发光强度随掺杂浓度的变化，而用小于１μｍ的激发波长激发发单掺Ｔｍ＾３＋或Ｈｏ＾３＋样品，获得近红外区发射光谱。文中给出掺杂浓度对于Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾＋近红外区     

Upconversion luminescence of Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ codoped oxyfluoride glasses

Novel oxyfluoride glasses are developed with the composition of 30SiO2-15Al2O3-28PbF2-22CdF2-0.1TmF3 - xYbF3 - （4.9 - x） AlF3（x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0） in tool fraction, Furthermore, the upconversion luminescence characteristics under a 970nm excitation are investigated. Intense blue, red and near infrared luminescences peaked at 453nm, 476nm, 647nm and 789nm, which correspond to the transitions of Tm^3＋： ^1D2 →^3F4, ^1G4 →^3H6, ^1G4 →^3F4, and ^3H4 →^3H6, respectively, are observed. Due to the sensitization of Yb^3＋ ions, all the upconversion luminescence intensities are enhanced considerably with Yb^3＋ concentration increasing. The upconversion mechanisms are discussed based on the energy matching rule and quadratic dependence on excitation power. The results indicate that the dominant mechanism is the excited state absorption for those upconversion emissions.     

Ld-Clad-Pumped All-Fiber Tm^3＋-Doped Silica Fiber Laser

The CW 39.4 W all-fiber LD-clad-pumped Tm^3＋-doped fiber laser output is reported with a slope efficiency of 34% in respect to the pump power. The all-fiber laser is made up by progressively splicing the pigtail fiber, matched FBG fiber and Tin-doped fiber. The reflective FBG and Tm-doped fiber end fresnel reflection build up the laser resonance cavity. Due to the multi-mode FBG as the reflective mirror, the output laser spectrum is multi-peaks at high power output, whereas the total spectrum width is less than 2nm at nearly 1.94μm.     

2-um emission performance of Tm^3＋-Ho^3＋ co-doped tellurite glasses

The emission properties of 2-um region fluorescence of Tm^3＋-Ho^3＋ co-doped tellurite glasses are investigated. Introducing F- ions to the composition of tellurite glasses plays a positive effect on the 2-#m emission. A maximum intensity of 2-um emission is achieved when 1.5-mol% Tm2O3 and 1-mol% Ho203 concentration are doped in the glasses. The emission cross section and gain coefficient of the ^5I8-^5I7 transition of Ho^3＋ are calculated. The emission cross section has a maximum of 1.29×10-20 cm^2 at 2048 nm wavelength. The results indicate that Tm＆3＋-Ho^3＋ co-doped tellurite glasses are suitable for 2-um application.     

Er^3＋/Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ tridoped oxyfluoride glass ceramics with efficient upconversion white-light emission

A novel Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ triply-doped glass ceramics containing BaF2 nano-crystals are successfully prepared. Fluoride nanocrystals BaF2 are successfully precipitated in glass matrix, which is affirmed by the X-ray diffraction results. The intense blue （476 nm）, green （543 nm）, and red （656 nm） emissions of the glass ceramics are simultaneously observed at room temperature under 980-am excitation, and the emission luminescence intensity increases significantly compared with the precursor glass, which is attributed to the low phonon energy of fluoride nanocrystals when rare-earth ions are incorporated into the precipitated BaF2 nanocrystals. Under 980-nm excitation at 400 mW, the international commission on illumination （CIE） chromaticity coordinate （X = 0.278, Y = 0.358） of the tridoped oxyfluoride glass ceramics＇ upconversion emissions is close to the standard white-light illumination （X = 0.333, Y= 0.333）. The results indicate that Tm^3＋/Yb^3＋ triply doped glass ceramics can act as suitable materials for potential three-dimensional displays applications.     

YAG晶体中Tm^3＋离子的荧光特征分析

计算了ＹＡＧ晶体中Ｔｍ＾３＋离子辐射跃迁几率Ａｉｊ，无辐射跃迁几率Ｗｉｊ，交叉弛豫几率Ｐ，荧光寿命τｉ和荧光分支比βｉｊ等荧光特征参量，并利用这些值及跃迁速率方程讨论了＾３Ｆ４能级荧光强度与掺杂浓度的关系，得出当激发光的泵浦速率从１０＾２～１０＾６ｓ＾－１时，Ｔｍ＾３＋离子的最佳相对浓度Ｘｏｐ在４．９～６．４％之间。     

Blue Upconversion Luminescence in Tm^3＋／Yb^3＋-Codoped Lead Chloride Tellurite Glass

The upconversion properties of Tm^3 /Yb3 -codoped lead chloride tellurite glass under 980hm excitation were investigated. The intense blue (476nm) emission and weak red (649 nm) emission corresponding to the ^1G4→4 ^3H6 and ^1G4→^3H4 transitions of Tm^3 ions, respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The dependence of upconversion intensities on excitation power and the possible upconversion mechanisms are evaluated. The intense blue upconversion luminescence of Tm^3 /Yb^3 -codoped lead chloride tellurite glass can be used as potential host material for the development of blue upconversion optical devices.     

氟化物玻璃中Tm^3＋离子敏化Ho^3＋离子的红外发光性质

研究了氟化物玻璃中Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋离子的红外吸收光谱性质，用钛宝石激光器作为激发源，研究了Ｔｍ＾３＋离子的交叉弛豫过程和Ｔｍ＾３＋敏化Ｈｏ＾３＋２μｍ的红外发射光谱。研究结果表明，只有发Ｔｍ＾３＋离子浓度较高（～２ｗｔ％）时，才能发生较强的交叉弛豫进行，随Ｍｏ＾３＋离子浓度的增加，２μｍ的发光强度增大，当激发光波长为８１３ｎｍ时，２μｍ的发光强度最大。     

Improved Fluorescence from Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/Ce^3＋ Triply Doped Bismuth-Silicate Glasses for S＋C-bands Amplifiers

Fluorescence of Tm^3＋/Er^3＋ codoped bismuth-silica （BS） glasses and the sensitization of Ce^3＋ are investigated, It shows that Ce^3＋ codoping with Tm^3＋/Er^3＋ in BS glasses results in a quenching of Tm^3＋ ion emission from ^3F4 to the ^3H6 level. Consequently, the 1.47μm emission occurs after the population inversion between the ^3H4 and ^3F4 levels. Furthermore, the codoped glasses show the broad emission spectra over the whole S and C bands with full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） up to about 119nm, as it combines 1.55μm emission band of Er^3＋ with 1.47μm emission band of Tm^3＋ under 800hm excitation.     

激光上转换玻璃陶瓷材料中稀土杂质Yb^3＋和Tm^3＋局域行为

对红光上转换玻璃陶资ＰｂＦ２＋ＷＯ３＋ＧｅＯ２以及ＰｂＦ２＋ＷＯ３＋ＧｅＦ３＋ＴｍＦ３材料中的微晶相进行了喇曼光谱研究,获得了光谱表明ＰｂＦ２＋ＷＯ３＋ＧｅＯ２＋ＹｂＦ３＋ＴｍＦ３中的微晶是由ＰｂＦ：Ｙｂ＾３＋、Ｔｍ＾３＋构成的,其中Ｙｂ＾３＋和Ｔｍ＾３＋替代部分Ｐｂ＾２＋的格位而形成了荷正电的局域杂质中心。这些局域杂质中心导致了ＰｂＦ２＋ＷＯ３＋ＧｅＯ２＋ＹｂＦ３＋ＴｍＦ３中局域电场的形成。除了     

Tm^3＋和Yb^3＋共掺五磷酸盐非晶中的间接敏化上转换

本文报道在约７９８ｎｍ的半导体激光泵浦下，Ｔｍ＾３＋，Ｙｂ＾３＋共渗五磷酸盐非晶的蓝光发射。激光被样品吸收而直接激发Ｔｍ＾２＋离子至＾３Ｆ４能级。从Ｔｍ＾３＋向Ｙｂ＾３＋的能量传递，接着从Ｙｂ＾３＋向Ｔｍ＾３＋的能量传递把Ｔｍ＾３＋离子激发至＾１Ｇ４能级。分析表明，声子在上转换过程中起了很大作用。     

YAG晶体中Cr~（3＋）→Tm~（3＋），Er~（3＋）→Tm~（3＋）的能量

研究了加入敏化离子Ｃｒ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋的Ｔｍ：ＹＡＧ晶体的吸收谱和荧光谱，计算了Ｃｒ３＋、Ｅｒ３＋、Ｔｍ３＋离子的２Ｅ、４Ｉ１３／２、３Ｆ４能态的平均寿命及能量；转移效率、转移速率．得出Ｃｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋转移效率为８０％，转移速率为２．１×１０３ｓ－１．由（Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ）：ＹＡＧ的荧光谱可见存在Ｅｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋的有效的能量转移．讨论了Ｃｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋能量转移的不同．     

e~＋＋e~－→J／ψ→V＋X，X→3P过程的角分布螺旋度形式

本文给出了过程ｅ＋＋ｅ－→Ｊ／ψ→Ｖ＋Ｘ，Ｘ、Ｐ１＋Ｐ２＋Ｐ３（Ｖ和Ｐｉ分别代表矢量介子和赝标介子）的角分布螺旋度形式，为确定上述过程中间态Ｘ的自旋和宇称提供了理论公式．     

新型Tm^3＋掺杂的MFT玻璃上转换发光特性

设计并制备了一种Ｔｍ＾３＋掺杂的以多种氟化物为调整剂的碲酸盐玻璃材料,研究了Ｔｍ＾３＋离子上转换发光强度与掺杂浓度的关系,测量不同波长的红外光激发下Ｔｍ＾３＋离子的上转换发光,及其在可见范围内的吸收光谱,测量了上转换发光的斜率效率。     

Mechanisms and Concentration Dependence of Upconversion Fluorescence in Er^3＋ and Tm^3＋ Codoped Tellurite Glasses

We investigate the upconversion luminescence of Er3^ and Tm^3 codoped tellurite glasses under both the 975 and 80Ohm excitations. By Tm^3 codoping, the Er^3 green emission corresponding to the (^4S3/2, 2H11/2) → 4I15/2 transitions was quenched, while the red emission corresponding to the ^4F9/2 → ^4I15/2 transition was selectively sensitized. The red emission has a maximum in the range where the ratio of Er^3 - to Tm^3 -content is about two and its fluorescence intensity becomes 1.5 and 5 times larger at the maximum than those in the absence of Tm^3 for 975 and 800 nm excitations, respectively. The results were explained considering the influence of energy transfers between these two active ions.     

Tm^3＋在氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中的光普性质

根据Tm掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的吸收光谱,用Judd-Ofelt理论上计算了强度参量,并由此计算了激发能极的自发辐射跃迁几率、辐射寿命、荧光分支和积分发射截面等光谱参量。     

Tm：YVO4晶体中Tm^3＋的发光研究

测量了Tm:YVO4晶体的吸收光谱,以346nm,363nm(^1D2),475nm(^1G4),698nm(^3F2,^3F3)和801nm(^3H4)光激发时的发射光谱,以及位于454nm(^1D2→^3F4),475nm(^1G4→^3H6),646nm(^1G4→^3F4),806nm(^3H4→^3H6)的荧光谱线的激发光谱,对测量的结果进行了详细分析,解释了离子能级间的跃迁过程,提出了Tm:YVO4晶体基质与Tm^3 之间的能量交换的概念和新的跃迁通道,证实了存在^1D2 ^3H6→^1G4 ^3F4以及^1G4 ^3H6→^3H4 ^3H5的能量传递过程,还可能存在交叉弛豫过程^1G4 ^H6→^3F2 ^3F4. 这些过程使得Tm:YVO4晶体难以实现^1D2能级上转换发光（454nm左右）,但475nm的上转换发光（^1G4→^3H6)较强,^3F4能级是潜在红外激光发射能级。     

LD-pumped 6 W cw Tm^3＋-Doped Silica Double-Cladding Fibre Laser

We report a thulium-doped silica fibre laser that generates a maximum cw output power of 6 W in a 2 μm wavelength range when cladding-pumped by a laser diode （LD） operating at approximately 791 nm at room temperature. The slope efficiency with respect to the launched pump power is 50% and 38.4%, with and without an output coupler mirror, respectively. The corresponding thresholds are 2.8 W and 4.8 W, respectively. The beam qualities Mx^2 and My^2 are 1.26 and 1.32, respectively. The experimental results are also analysed.     

水热合成六方相NaYbF4：Er^3＋／Tm^3＋的上转换白光性质

在反应温度为220℃,反应时间为48h的温和条件下,利用水热法合成单掺杂或共掺杂Tm^3＋、Er^3＋的六方相NaYbF4体系,利用X射线粉末衍射、紫外-可见-近红外漫反射吸收光谱以及荧光光谱等测试手段,分析体系的物相结构和荧光性能。在980nm红外激光的激发下,NaYbF4：Er^3＋体系能发出强的绿光和红光,两者分别对应于Er^3＋离子的（^2H11／2,^4S3/2）→^4I15／2、^4F9／2→^4I15/2能级跃迁;NaYbF4：Tm^3＋体系能发出对应于Tm^3＋离子^1D2→^3F4和^1G4→H6能级跃迁的强蓝光;而NaYbF4：Er^3＋／Tm^3＋体系能同时发出红蓝绿三种颜色的光;各发射的归属与单掺杂相同,但由于Er^3＋和Tm^3＋离子之间存在能量交叉弛豫,致使各发光强度发生变化。通过控制Er^3＋和Tm^3＋离子的浓度及其比例,可以调整NaYbF4：Er^3＋／Tm^3＋体系的上转换蓝光、绿光和红光强度的比例,结果表明,在980nm红外激光的激发下,NaYbF4：Er^3＋／Tm^3＋（0．4％／0．4％）能发出近似白光的上转换发射。因此,NaYbF4：Er^3＋／Tm^3＋有望成为单一基质的上转换白光材料。     

Spectroscopic properties and mechanism of Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals

Transparent Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals are prepared. Under excitation of a 980-nm laser diode （LD）, compared with the glass before heat treatment, the Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics can emit intense blue, green and red up-conversion luminescence and Stark- split peaks; X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） results show that BaF2 nanocrystals with an average diameter of 20 nm are precipitated from the glass matrix. Stark splitting of the up-conversion luminescence peaks in the glass ceramics indicates that Tm^3＋, Er^3＋ and （or） Yb^3＋ ions are incorporated into the BaF2 nanocrystals. The up-conversion luminescence intensities of Tm^3＋, Er^3＋ and the splitting degree of luminescence peaks in the glass ceramics increase significantly with the increase of heat treat temperature and heat treat time extension. In addition, the possible energy transfer process between rare earth ions and the up-conversion luminescence mechanism are also proposed.