顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定中草药中As和Bi

建立了一种顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定中草药中的As和Bi含量的方法,考察了光电倍增管负高压、As和Bi灯电流、原子化器高度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量等因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明,载流HCl的浓度为0.3 mol/L,KBH4质量浓度为10 g/L时,同时测定As和Bi的效果最佳;在最佳实验条件下,As和Bi的检出限分别为0.058μg/L和0.006μg/L,加标回收率为94.6%~103.2%,相对标准偏差小于3.0%,中草药试样中共存的离子对As和Bi的测定没有干扰。该法操作方便、快速,用于中草药中As和Bi的同时测定,具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定中草药中的铋和汞

建立了一种顺序注射氢化物发生一原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中的Bi和Hg的方法,同时讨论了共存离子的干扰情况。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,Bi和Hg的检出限分别为0．0012和0．0045μ/L,加标回收率为93．2％-104．9％。     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定中草药中的铅和锡

建立了一种顺序注射氢化物发生一原子荧光光谱法同时测定中草药中的铅和锡含量的方法,同时讨论了共存离子的干扰情况。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,铅和锡的检出限分别为0．0253μg／L和0．0425μg／L,加标回收率为95．5％～103．1％,相对标准偏差小于5．2％,被测试样中共存的离子对铅和锡的测定没有干扰。该法操作方便、快速,用于中草药试样中铅和锡的同时测定,具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中的痕量铋

本文报道了采用氢化物-原子荧光法测定中草药中的痕量铋。试验了酸介质和还原剂用量对测定铋的影响,考察了共存金属离子的干扰。在最佳测定条件下,方法检出限为0.1μg/L,线性范围为0.1~200μg/L,加标回收率为91.0%~104.2%。     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定硒和砷的研究

建立了一种顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定试样中Se和As的方法,同时讨论了共存离子的干扰情况.在最佳实验条件下,Se和As的检出限分别为0.16和0.095 μg/L,加标回收率为92.4%～104.7%.     

桑色素荧光分光光度法测定水和保健饮料中痕量锗

本文提出了测定水和保健饮料中痕量锗的桑色素荧光分光光度法。检出限分别为0.2μg/L和0.7μg/L,线性范围分别为1.0～25μg/L和5.0～30μg/L,平均回收率分别为97.2％～104.5％和98.8％～104.8％,相对标准偏差分别为3.66％。2.87％方法简便,准确高度,精密度好,共存离子干扰小。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定水中钛

建立石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定水中痕量可溶性钛和总钛。测量可溶性钛的样品通过0.45μm水系微孔滤膜过滤后直接测定,测量总钛的样品根据不同类型采用硝酸、过氧化氢、硫酸的不同组合进行消解。通过试验确定了最佳石墨炉程序升温工作条件和热解涂层石墨管的应用。干扰试验表明水中常见共存离子不干扰钛的测定。本方法经6家实验室验证,在0~250μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限可溶性钛为4.0μg/L,总钛为7.0μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于12%(n=6),加标回收率为90.0%~107%,该方法对钛标准物质测定结果的相对误差为–3.4%~2.4%。该方法准确、可靠,检出限低,干扰少,易于推广应用。     

酸性靛蓝-H_2O_2-OH~-化学发光测定Cu(Ⅱ)的新体系

本文拟定了酸性绽蓝-H_2O_2-OH-体系测定微量Cu(Ⅱ)的新化学发光分析法。该方法测定Cu(Ⅱ)的检测限为0.3μg/L,线性范围为10～200μg/L。三十余种共存离子中,Fe(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)等离子对测定有干扰。     

垃圾渗滤液中 As和 Hg的流动注射蒸气发生非色散原子荧光光谱法测定

建立了垃圾渗滤液中As和Hg的流动注射蒸气发生－非色散原子荧光光谱的测定方法。在低温下采用硝酸－过氧化氢体系消化处理样品;硫脲－抗坏血酸将As(V）还原后测定样品中的总As;Hg的测定用Hg蒸气发生原子荧光光谱法。对测量条件进行了优化,在优化实验条件下测得As和Hg的检出限分别为0．08和0．007μg/L,10次测定的相对标准偏差分别为0．48％和0．85％（对8．0μg/L As和1．0μg/L Hg标准溶液）。共存的NaCI、MgCI2、CaCI2、Na2SO4、NaF以及微量共存金属离子（Cd、Se、Zn、Pb、Cu、Fe、Mn、AI）对As和Hg的测定没有干扰。用标准校正曲线和标准加入法对样品测定结果进行了比较,实验结果表明二者吻合较好。     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定环境水样中砷和镉

目的考察了光电倍增管负高压、砷和镉灯电流、原子化器高度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量、增敏剂等因素对测定结果的影响。方法建立一种顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定水样中砷和镉含量的方法。结果载流HCl的浓度为0.60 mol/L,KBH4质量浓度为20g/L,增敏剂硫脲和钴离子的质量浓度分别为80 g/L和70 g/L时,同时测定砷和镉的效果最佳。在最佳实验条件下,砷和镉的检出限分别为0.009 3μg/L和0.12μg/L,加标回收率为92.3%～103.9%,相对标准偏差小于3.5%,被测水样中共存离子对砷和镉的测定没有干扰。结论该法操作方便、快速,用于环境水样中砷和镉的同时测定,具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

Simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth and mercury in geological materials by vapor generation-four-channel non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Chemical vapor generation (CVG) coupled with non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry (NDAFS) has been widely used for determination of vapor-forming elements, but most of such works have been focused on single element analysis, and reports dealing with more than three elements simultaneous determination by CVG-NDAFS are rare. In this work, a sensitive and robust analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth and mercury in geological materials using vapor generation-four-channel non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry has been developed. The conditions of instrumentation and vapor generation of arsenic, antimony, bismuth and mercury were optimized. The optimized concentrations of KBH(4) and HCl required for analytes generation were 1.3% (m/v) and 20% (v/v), respectively. The interferences of coexisting ions and mutual hydride interferences were investigated carefully. One thousand milligrams per litre of Fe(3+); 500mgl(-1) of Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+); 50mgl(-1) Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Cr(6+), Co(2+); 10mgl(-1) Ag(+) and 5mgl(-1) Au(3+) does not interfere with the determination of As, Sb, Bi and Hg. Associating a dilution of 1:250 (m/v) in the procedure of sample pretreatment, the tolerant concentrations of As, Sb, Bi and Hg in real geological materials are 2500, 1000, 250 and 5000ppm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits for As, Sb, Bi and Hg were determined to be 0.068, 0.047, 0.037 and 0.008ngml(-1), respectively. The precisions for seven replicate determinations at the 5ngml(-1) of As, Sb, Bi and 1ngml(-1) of Hg were 0.47, 0.60, 0.97 and 0.93% (R.S.D.), respectively. Sample digestion was carried out on 500mg sample with 3ml HNO(3) and 10ml HCl, followed by addition of thiourea solution for the quantitative reduction of As(V), Sb(V) to As(III), Sb(III). The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of As, Sb, Bi and Hg in a series of certified geological reference materials using simple aqueous standard calibration technique. The results obtained are in good agreement with the certified values.     

Determination of bismuth and copper using adsorptive stripping voltammetry couple with continuous wavelet transform

A new method is proposed for the determination of bismuth and copper in the presence of each other based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry of complexes of Bi(III)-chromazorul-S and Cu(II)-chromazorul-S at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Copper is an interfering element for the determination of Bi(III) because, the voltammograms of Bi(III) and Cu(II) overlapped with each other. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to separate the voltammograms. In this regards, wavelet filter, resolution of the peaks and the fitness were optimized to obtain minimum detection limit for the elements. Through continuous wavelet transform Symlet4 (Sym4) wavelet filter at dilation 6, quantitative and qualitative analysis the mixture solutions of bismuth and copper was performed. It was also realized that copper imposes a matrix effect on the determination of Bi(III) and the standard addition method was able to cope with this effect. Bismuth does not have matrix effect on copper determination, therefore, the calibration curve using wavelet coefficients of CWT was used for determination of Cu(II) in the presence of Bi(III). The detection limits were 0.10 and 0.05 ng ml⁻¹ for bismuth and copper, respectively. The linear dynamic range of 0.1-30.0 and 0.1-32.0 ng ml⁻¹ were obtained for determination of bismuth in the presence of 24.0 ng ml⁻¹ of copper and copper in the presence of 24.0 ng ml⁻¹ of bismuth, respectively. The method was used for determination of these two cations in water and human hair samples. The results indicate the ability of method for the determination of these two elements in real samples.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞

为准确测定中药材中不同形态的汞含量,通过选用人工胃液作为提取液,经水浴加热提取后,以甲醇-乙酸铵为流动相,采用C18反相色谱柱对样品溶液进行分离,最后经电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定3种汞形态化合物的含量。建立了中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)法的测定方法,结果表明,3种汞形态化合物在0.5～5 ng/mL范围内均获得良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。通过加标回收的方法进行准确性评价,加标回收率为75.5%～118%,相对标准偏差RSD为2.4%～9.7%。测定的106批次中药材中,均未检出甲基汞、乙基汞。无机汞检出率为88.7%,合格率为100%。方法能够准确、高效地测定中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量。106批次中药材中的汞存在形态主要是以无机汞为主。考察的106批次根及根茎类中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量,积累了基础数据,为中药饮片的质量安全性监管提供技术支撑。     

氢化物发生(HG)-ICP-AES测定中药漏芦中微量砷、锑、铋的研究

提出氢化物发生等离子体原子发射光谱（ＨＥ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）值接测定中药漏芦中微量Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ的方法。对影响分析信号的主要工作条件进行了选择和优化,对干扰元素及消除方法进行了考察。方法的检出限Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ分别为２．７、３．４、２．８ｎｇ／ｇ,精密度（ＲＳＤ）为２．１％～５．０％,试样加入平均回收率为９２．５％～１０６．５％,本法用于中药漏芦的分析,结果满意。     

预还原氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法快速测定化探样品中的As,Sb,Bi,Hg

通过对化探样品进行王水密闭溶解,饱和的硫脲-抗坏血酸预还原,运用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法实现了地质样品中As、Sb、Bi、Hg元素的任意配对以及连续快速测定。实验确定了原子化器高度为14mm,最佳溶样时间为1h。在优化条件下,结果显示还原剂(硫脲-抗坏血酸)对Hg、Bi测定结果无影响,且Hg、Bi测定结果在预还原20min至48h内都很稳定,测定结果良好,Cu、Co、Ni、Au、Ag、Cd、As、Sb、Bi、Se、Ge等金属离子对预还原测定汞均无干扰,对比实验表明还原剂体系下汞荧光强度值基本不变。方法的检出限低、精密度好、准确度高、操作简便,有效避免了元素污染问题,可满足大批量地质样品分析测定的需要。     

Simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine by non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using intermittent flow vapor generator.

A method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury by vapor generation non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using an intermittent flow system. The effects of the parameters on the performance were studied systematically. The parameters such as acid concentration of the reaction medium, flow rate of the carrier gas and shield gas, the observation height and the atomizer temperature, etc. which affected the sensitivity, were optimized. Ascorbic acid, cobalt ion and thiourea were used as enhancement reagents or masking agents to enhance the generation efficiency of the volatile species of Cd and Hg. The mechanisms of their effects on vapor generation were investigated. In the presence of thiourea and ascorbic acid, the influences of some coexisting elements on the determination of cadmium and mercury were investigated. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.010 microg l(-1) for Cd and 0.019 microg l(-1) for Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviations for Cd and Hg at 1.00 microg l(-1) were 2.6% and 0.97% (n = 11), respectively. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine.     

Non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a carbon filament atom reservoir

The non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of Bi, Cd, Hg, Te, Tl and Zn on a carbon filament atom reservoir with electrodeless discharge lamp sources and reflecting microscope objective lenses is described. The non-dispersive system shows distinct advantages for an element such as tellurium whose principal fluorescence lines fall within the useful range of the solar-blind photomultiplier detector, and marginal advantages for mercury, cadmium and zinc where only one line is within the detector range. It is inferior for bismuth, thallium and lead where lines lie at the extremes of the useful detector range. The technique was applied successfully to the determination of cadmium (0.012%) in a copper-base alloy.