Space-Time Foam Dense Singularities and de Rham Cohomology

In an earlier paper of the authors, it was shown that the sheaf theoretically based recently developed abstract differential geometry of the first author can, in an easy and natural manner, incorporate singularities on arbitrary closed nowhere dense sets in Euclidean spaces, singularities which therefore can have arbitrary large positive Lebesgue measure. As also shown, one can construct in such a singular context a de Rham cohomology, as well as a short exponential sequence, both of which are fundamental in differential geometry. In this paper, these results are significantly strengthened, motivated by the so-called space-time foam structures in general relativity, where singularities can be dense. In fact, this time one can deal with singularities on arbitrary sets, provided that their complementaries are dense, as well. In particular, the cardinal of the set of singularities can be larger than that of the nonsingular points.     

Abstract Differential Geometry, Differential Algebras of Generalized Functions, and de Rham Cohomology

Abstract differential geometry is a recent extension of classical differential geometry on smooth manifolds which, however, does no longer use any notion of Calculus. Instead of smooth functions, one starts with a sheaf of algebras, i.e., the structure sheaf, considered on an arbitrary topological space, which is the base space of all the sheaves subsequently involved. Further, one deals with a sequence of sheaves of modules, interrelated with appropriate differentials, i.e., suitable Leibniz sheaf morphisms, which will constitute the differential complex. This abstract approach captures much of the essence of classical differential geometry, since it places a powerful apparatus at our disposal which can reproduce and, therefore, extend fundamental classical results. The aim of this paper is to give an indication of the extent to which this apparatus can go beyond the classical framework by including the largest class of singularities dealt with so far. Thus, it is shown that, instead of the classical structure sheaf of algebras of smooth functions, one can start with a significantly larger, and nonsmooth, sheaf of so-called nowhere dense differential algebras of generalized functions. These latter algebras, which contain the Schwartz distributions, also provide global solutions for arbitrary analytic nonlinear PDEs. Moreover, unlike the distributions, and as a matter of physical interest, these algebras can deal with the vastly larger class of singularities which are concentrated on arbitrary closed, nowhere dense subsets and, hence, can have an arbitrary large positive Lebesgue measure. Within the abstract differential geometric context, it is shown that, starting with these nowhere dense differential algebras as a structure sheaf, one can recapture the exactness of the corresponding de Rham complex, and also obtain the short exponential sequence. These results are the two fundamental ingredients in developing differential geometry along classical, as well as abstract lines. Although the commutative framework is used here, one can easily deal with a class of singularities which is far larger than any other one dealt with so far, including in noncommutative theories.     

De Rham Cohomology and Hodge Decomposition For Quantum Groups

Let be one of the N²-dimensionalbicovariant first order differential calculi for the quantumgroups GL_q(N), SL_q(N), SO_q(N), or Sp_q(N), where q is a transcendentalcomplex number and z is a regular parameter. It is shown thatthe de Rham cohomology of Woronowicz' external algebra coincides with the de Rham cohomologiesof its left-coinvariant, its right-coinvariant and its (two-sided)coinvariant subcomplexes. In the cases GL_q(N) and SL_q(N) thecohomology ring is isomorphic to the coinvariant external algebra and to the vector space of harmonic forms. We prove a Hodge decomposition theorem in thesecases. The main technical tool is the spectral decompositionof the quantum Laplace-Beltrami operator. 2000 MathematicalSubject Classification: 46L87, 58A12, 81R50.     

Stochastic Algebraic de Rham Complexes

We define completion of the algebraic de Rham complex associated to the algebras of functionals smooth in the Chen–Souriau sense or in the Nualart–Pardoux sense over the loop space. We show that the stochastic algebraic de Rham cohomology groups are equal to the deterministic cohomology groups of the loop space.     

Generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds and the chiral de Rham complex

We show that the chiral de Rham complex of a generalized Calabi-Yau manifold carries N=2 supersymmetry. We discuss the corresponding topological twist for this N=2 algebra. We interpret this as an algebroid version of the super-Sugawara or Kac-Todorov construction.     

The de Rham complex on unbounded domains with Sobolev space topology

This paper studies the operator dd^∗+d^∗d acting on q-forms on an unbounded domain with smooth boundary, where d is the exterior derivative and d^∗ is the adjoint of d calculated using the Sobolev space topology. The domain of d^∗ is determined and an expression for d^∗ is obtained. The operator dd^∗+d^∗d gives rise to a boundary value problem. Global regularity is obtained using weighted norms and global existence is obtained by using the theory of compact operators.     

The De Rham Decomposition Theorem For Metric Spaces

We generalize the classical de Rham decomposition theorem for Riemannian manifolds to the setting of geodesic metric spaces of finite dimension. Received: May 2006 Accepted: December 2006     

Hochschild and cyclic homology of finite type algebras

We study Hochschild and cyclic homology of finite type algebras using abelian stratifications of their primitive ideal spectrum. Hochschild homology turns out to have a quite complicated behavior, but cyclic homology can be related directly to the singular cohomology of the strata. We also briefly discuss some connections with the representation theory of reductive p-adic groups.     

Galois structure and de Rham invariants of elliptic curves

Let K be a number field with ring of integers OK. Suppose a finite group G acts numerically tamely on a regular scheme X over OK. One can then define a de Rham invariant class in the class group Cl(OK[G]), which is a refined Euler characteristic of the de Rham complex of X. Our results concern the classification of numerically tame actions and the de Rham invariant classes. We first describe how all Galois étale G-covers of a K-variety may be built up from finite Galois extensions of K and from geometric covers. When X is a curve of positive genus, we show that a given étale action of G on X extends to a numerically tame action on a regular model if and only if this is possible on the minimal model. Finally, we characterize the classes in Cl(OK[G]) which are realizable as the de Rham invariants for minimal models of elliptic curves when G has prime order.     

Kähler–de Rham Cohomology and Chern Classes

Constraints on the Chern classes of a vector bundle on a possibly singular algebraic variety are found, which are stronger than the obvious Hodge theoretic constraints. This is done by showing that these lift to Chern classes in the hypercohomology of the complex of Kähler differentials.     

A Quantum Modification of Relative Chen–Ruan Cohomology

In this paper, by using the de Rham model of Chen–Ruan cohomology, we define the relative Chen–Ruan cohomology ring for a pair of almost complex orbifold(G, H) with H being an almost sub-orbifold of G. Then we use the Gromov–Witten invariants ofG, the blow-up of G along H,to give a quantum modification of the relative Chen–Ruan cohomology ring H*CR(G, H) when H is a compact symplectic sub-orbifold of the compact symplectic orbifold G.     

Hochschild Cohomology of the Algebra of Smooth Functions on the Torus

We calculate the Hochschild cohomology of the algebra of smooth functions on a finite-dimensional real torus with coefficients in the adjoint representation, generalizing the previously developed technique to the discrete case for this.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 144, No. 3, pp. 435–452, September, 2005.     

Cohomology of solvable lie algebras and solvmanifolds

The cohomology H^* (G/,) of the de Rham complex *(G/) of a compact solvmanifold G/ with deformed differential d = d + , where is a closed 1 -form, is studied. Such cohomologies naturally arise in Morse-Novikov theory. It is shown that, for any completely solvable Lie group G containing a cocompact lattice G, the cohomology H^*(G/, ) is isomorphic to the cohomology H^*( ) of the tangent Lie algebra of the group G with coefficients in the one-dimensional representation : defined by () = (). Moreover, the cohomology H ^*(G/,) is nontrivial if and only if -[] belongs to a finite subset of H ¹(G/,) defined in terms of the Lie algebra .Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, vol. 77, no. 1, 2005, pp. 67–79.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by D. V. Millionshchikov.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected issue number.     

A Vanishing Theorem for the Tangential de Rham Cohomology of a Foliation with Amenable Fundamental Groupoid

For a space X carrying a foliation , the authors study the cohomology of the complex of differential forms which are smooth along the leaves and transversally locally L . It is shown that, if the leaves are nonpositively curved manifolds of rank at least r in a suitable uniform sense and the fundamental groupoid of the foliation is amenable, then the cohomology vanishes in degrees above r. This result is inspired by some of Gromov's results on bounded cohomology.