基于稀土离子颜色特征识别的组分含量检测方法

针对稀土离子具有特征颜色的P507-RECL3萃取分离体系,给出一种基于稀土离子颜色特征识别的组分含量检测方法。首先,通过对稀土离子颜色特征随组分含量的不同而呈现不同变化的分析,表明稀土组分含量与其颜色特征之间存在一定关系。为定量描述组分含量与颜色特征之间的关系,提取H分量直方图作为其颜色特征,并计算其一阶矩统计值,使抽象的颜色特征数值化,最后,利用最小二乘法拟合组分含量与H分量一阶矩统计值之间的函数关系,建立了分段拟合模型,并对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,在单一组分占主要含量时,相对误差能控制在2%以内,具有较高的检测精度,为稀土组分含量的在线检测提供一种新的途径。     

基于LS-SVM的稀土萃取组分含量软测量

为了解决稀土萃取分离过程元素组分含量在线检测的难题, 提出了稀土萃取过程组分含量的一种最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)软测量方法. 利用量子粒子群算法来优化LS-SVM的参数及核函数参数. 仿真结果表明, 所提出的软测量方法是有效的, 比已有的神经网络软测量方法能更好的实现稀土萃取过程中元素组分含量的在线估计.     

基于神经网络的多元稀土萃取组分含量的软测量

提出了一种应用RBF神经网络建立多组分稀土萃取平衡模型的方法,通过与萃取过程物料平衡模型相结合给出了在线预测稀土申级萃取分离生产过程中各组分含量的软测量方法。通过现场操作运行实测数据的建模仿真验证,表明这种混合软测量方法是有效的。     

稀土富勒烯提取液的解析电子轰击质谱

采用解析电子轰击质谱对电弧法合成的稀土富勒烯衍生物的提取液进行了质谱分析，有效地检测到富勒烯，稀土富勒烯单电荷、双电荷的分子离子峰。利用同位素贡献确证了某些稀土富勒烯的生成。采用高电流瞬间解析样品，使得谱图中的谱峰强度更加真实地反应出提取液中各组分的相对含量。     

稀土精矿检测方法

综述了近年来稀土精矿中稀土总量、15种稀土氧化物配分量以及非稀土杂质含量分析测定的国家标准以及最新方法。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法精密度高,检测速度快,为测定稀土精矿中稀土总量的常用方法。电感耦合等离子体质谱法不受基体干扰,更适用于痕量和超痕量稀土元素含量的测定,满足中、重稀土精矿的测定需求。分光光度法测定稀土精矿中非稀土杂质Th,Ti含量准确度高。对稀土精矿分析检测发展趋势进行了展望。     

稀土萃取分离过程自动控制研究现状及发展趋势

在简要描述稀土萃取分离生产过程的基础上,综述了目前国内外稀土萃取分离过程中稀土元素成分在线检测的方法、装置及其应用现状;稀土串级萃取分离生产过程的计算机流程模拟以及稀土萃取生产过程的自动控制方法、技术及其应用现状.指出了稀土元素组分含量的软测量方法,以综合生产指标为目标的稀土萃取分离生产过程优化控制方法以及由生产过程管理系统和过程控制系统两层结构组成的稀土萃取分离生产过程综合自动化系统已成为稀土萃取分离生产过程自动化未来发展的方向.     

稀土快速鉴别仪测定离子吸附型稀土矿中氧化钇量

采用便携式稀土快速鉴别仪PORT-X300,建立了快速准确的测定离子吸附型稀土原矿中氧化钇含量的方法,实验通过对电压、电流以及检测时长等条件的选择,建立数学校正模型,校正不平度及基体效应,提高了结果的准确度和稳定性。样品10次测定结果相对标准偏差小于2%,与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对照实验数据吻合。该方法氧化钇检出下限达到9.93 mg·kg-1,完全满足南方稀土现场测定的需要。该方法较其他方法具有操作简单、检测快速、无损分析等特点,同时满足鉴别准确、定量性好,在南方稀土现场勘探领域具有重要意义。     

稀土生物效应研究（Ⅰ）

采用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ及ＦＰＬＣ等技术研究了正常人血浆中稀土含量及其物种分布。结果表明,正常人血浆中含有妆胆的稀土,每种稀土含量与其天然丰度一致;稀土物种主要集中于大分子蛋白组分中,与免疫球蛋白Ｇ（ＩｇＧ）、运铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、血清白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）等均有作用,其中Ｔｆ结合稀土量较多。     

稀土生物效应研究(Ⅰ)──正常人血浆中稀土含量及其物种分布

采用ＩＣＰＭＳ及ＦＰＬＣ等技术研究了正常人血浆中稀土含量及其物种分布．结果表明,正常人血浆中含有痕量的稀土（总量为１４１３３μｇ／Ｌ）,每种稀土含量与其天然丰度一致;稀土物种主要集中于大分子蛋白组分中,与免疫球蛋白Ｇ（ＩｇＧ）、运铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、血清白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）等均有作用,其中Ｔｆ结合稀土量较多     

稀土改质催化剂对废食用油制备燃料油的影响

利用浸渍法制备稀土改质催化剂,用于废食用油脂催化裂解的裂解气催化改质。考察了催化剂活性组分含量、硅铝比、焙烧温度、改质反应温度对产物组成、烯烃含量及收率的影响。得最佳条件:ZSM-5作为催化剂载体,催化剂活性组分镧稀土含量为6%,催化剂焙烧温度为550℃,改质反应温度为360℃。在最佳条件下催化改质,燃料油烯烃含量降低了34.3%,汽油含量提高了14.36%,轻柴油含量提高了1.67%,重柴油含量下降了6.72%,重油含量下降了2.2%,燃料油总收率提高了7.12%,油品质显著提高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.