数学思想方法在小学数学教学中的渗透探讨

数学思想与教学方法对小学生的数学课程学习、数学应用和发展等起着积极影响.学生有效形成良好数学思想方法,可促进学生从被动学习转变为自主学习,促进小学生进一步理解和掌握相关数学知识,从而全面提升学生的数学能力.本文就如何在小学数学教学过程中有效渗透数学思想方法进行了探析.     

谈初中数学反例的教学功能

一、数学反例的功能数学反例贯穿于整个数学学习阶段 ,通过学习数学反例可加深学生对数学概念的理解 :培养学生对数学知识归纳、提炼 ;还养成严密的逻辑思维能力和正确运用数学语言 ,通过学习数学反例可以提高学生作图技能 .教学中恰当地利用反例 ,可以促进学生数学概念的形成、数学内涵的理解 ,使学生全面掌握数学知识 ,解决数学问题 .除此之外 ,学会举反例 ,有助于学生形成批判意识 ,这也是二期课改提出的要求 .显而易见 ,数学反例具有独特的教学功能 ,所以 ,在教学中既要重视解答数学命题的能力 ,又要加强数学反例的教学 .二、数学反例与…     

初中数学结构化教学策略研究

数学是一门抽象性、逻辑性很强的学科，对于初中学生而言，学习数学知识需要具备一定的思维能力和数学基础.而结构化教学是一种有效的教学策略，能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握数学知识，提高数学学习的效果.本文中从结构化教学的定义、特点，以及如何在初中数学教学中运用结构化教学策略等方面进行了探讨，以实现通过教学思路和教学方法的改变来促进学生数学学习能力的提高.     

浅谈如何打破高中学生数学思维的“瓶颈”

数学思维,是指学生在对数学感性认识的基础上,运用数学的思维方法,理解并掌握数学内容,获得数学知识本质和规律的认识能力.然而在实际数学学习中,由于数学的抽象性和概括性,学生只掌握结论,忽略结论背后隐藏丰富的数学思维活动;仅认识符号,不理解其真正的含义;只会解与例题相似的题目,不会举一反三,触类旁通.为此,笔者结合教学实践,尝试分析学生数学思维“瓶颈”的成因,寻找突破“瓶颈”的方法,从而让学生更好地应用数学思维方法,提高数学学习效率,更好地领会数学本质.     

数形结合思想在小学数学教学中的应用研究

从小学数学的知识特点来看,小学阶段的数学知识学习,对于小学生来说,仍存有较大的难度,为使学生了解并掌握相关数学知识,学会运用数学思维逻辑进行思考,合理应用相关知识解答数学习题,就要重视对学生数学思想的教育,从思想层面来引导学生学习数学知识.本文探讨数形结合思想在小学数学教学中的应用方略.     

再谈数学思想方法的挖掘和应用

数学思想方法是数学知识在更高层次上的抽象和概括,它蕴含在数学知识发生、发展和应用的过程中,是数学学科的精髓,是联系知识与能力的纽带,也是数学解题的指导思想为了促使学生进一步理解和掌握数学思想方法,并应用它解决问题,笔者就中学数学教材中体现出来的数学思想方法进行了归纳,供参考.……     

运用数学思想巧做因式分解问题

学习数学不仅是学习知识和提高能力,更是让学生真正理解数学知识与技能、思想和方法,用数学思想指导知识的应用和能力的提升.掌握数学思想,就能很好地解决因式分解,快捷地解题计算. 一、类比思想,触类旁通 如果把整数120进行因数分解就是4×5×6,与之相类似的是a2-b2就足((a+b)和(a-b)的相乘的结果.因此,多项式a2-b2就可以分解为(a+b)(a-b),由此可知(a+b)和(a-b)皆为a2-b2的因式.如此进行类比,不仅很容易就让学生理解因式分解的意义,而且为因式分解的方法提供了思路,真正是由此及彼,类比晓理.     

隐形的翅膀——“二次函数与一元二次方程”送教下乡教学实录与点评

1 引言数学教学有两条线,一条是数学知识教学的明线,一条是数学思想方法渗透的暗线.数学知识的学习是基础,数学思想方法的形成是基础知识的升华,是将数学知识的学习引向深入.初中阶段学习数学,除了掌握必须的"双基",还要了解数学知识的生成背景和发生过程,深入体会其中的思想方法,从有形的数学知识中探寻无形的数学思想方法,让数学思想方法转化成"隐形的翅膀",完成数学学习中的智慧托举.     

给学生创设有效探究数学的“支点”

《数学课程标准》倡导:"教师应激发学生的学习积极性,让学生提供充分从事数学活动的机会,帮助他们在自主探索和合作交流的过程中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法,获得广泛的数学活动经验.学生是数学学习的主人,教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者和合作者."新课程呼唤教师必须给学生创设有效探究数学的"支     

数学交流浅谈

数学交流 ,是运用表达数学概念、关系、方法、问题、思想的语言与情感的过程 .从数学的社会性来讲 ,数学思想只有被“数学共同体”所接受才能算是正确的 .因此 ,在数学教学中 ,为了对数学知识作出解释 ,教师必须用数学语言符号 ,同时学生也必须理解这些语言符号 ,于是就存在一个数学学习共同体成员之间彼此解释各自的想法、相互理解对方思想的问题 .因此 ,数学教学就是共同体成员之间所进行的讨论交流活动 .1　“数学交流”探源　在数学教育领域 ,较早提出“数学交流”的是1981年英国“学校数学调查委员会”向政府提交的《Ｃｏｃｋｏｒｏｆ…     

Students’ Activity in Computer-Supported Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to analyse secondary school students’ (N = 16) computer-supported collaborative mathematical problem solving. The problem addressed in the study was: What kinds of metacognitive processes appear during computer-supported collaborative learning in mathematics? Another aim of the study was to consider the applicability of networked learning in mathematics. The network-based learning environment Knowledge Forum (KF) was used to support students’ collaborative problem solving. The data consist of 188 posted computer notes, portfolio material such as notebooks, and observations. The computer notes were analysed through three stages of qualitative content analysis. The three stages were content analysis of computer notesin mathematical problem solving, content analysis of mathematical problem solving activity and content analysis of the students’ metacognitive activity. The results of the content analysis illustrate how networked discussions mediated mathematical knowledge and students’ questions, while the mathematical problem solving activity shows that the students co-regulate their thinking. The results of the content analysis of the students’ metacognitive activity revealed that the students use metacognitive knowledge and make metacognitive judgments and perform monitoring during networked discussions. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that working with the networked technology contributes to the students’ use of their mathematical knowledge and stimulates them into making their thinking visible. The findings also show some metacognitive activity in the students’ computer-supported collaborative problem solving in mathematics.     

常微分方程在数学建模中的应用

通过若干实例,运用高等数学中的微分方程方法建立数学模型,提高学生学习高等数学的兴趣并逐步了解数学建模的方法和思想;提高课堂讲课效果、实践素质教育改革.     

Writing as a Tool to Demonstrate Mathematical Understanding

In this study, I examine how using a writers' workshop model in mathematics creates a space for students to write about their mathematical thinking and problem solving and how their writing impacts instruction. This case study of one classroom with one teacher spanned 6 weeks and included 18 implementations of an adapted version of the Writers' Workshop (WW) in a fourth‐grade mathematics class. On a biweekly basis, the data were reviewed and changes made to the model. The analysis of the students' writing revealed (a) their understandings and misunderstandings of the mathematical content, (b) their readiness for more challenging tasks, and (c) their connections to prior knowledge. Students used writing to demonstrate their understanding of mathematics and show their mathematical processes. In some cases, examining only the numerical work failed to illuminate the students' understanding, their writing provided deeper insight. Students recognized writing as a tool for learning; this was evident in interview responses.     

Implementation and outcomes of inquiry-based learning in mathematics content courses for pre-service teachers

This mixed-methods study describes classroom characteristics and student outcomes from university mathematics courses that are based in mathematics departments, targeted to future pre-tertiary teachers, and taught with inquiry-based learning (IBL) approaches. The study focused on three two-term sequences taught at two research universities, separately targeting elementary and secondary pre-service teachers. Classroom observation established that the courses were taught with student-centred methods that were comparable to those used in IBL courses for students in mathematics-intensive fields at the same institutions. To measure pre-service teachers' gains in mathematical knowledge for teaching, we administered the Learning Mathematics for Teaching (LMT) instrument developed by Hill, Ball and Schilling for in-service teacher professional development. Results from the LMT show that pre-service teachers made significant score gains from beginning to end of their course, while data from interviews and from surveys of learning gains show that pre-service teachers viewed their gains as relevant to their future teaching work. Measured changes on pre-/post-surveys of attitudes and beliefs were generally supportive of learning mathematics but modest in magnitude. The study is distinctive in applying the LMT to document pre-service teachers' growth in mathematical knowledge for teaching. The study also suggests IBL is an approach well suited to mathematics departments seeking to strengthen their pre-service teacher preparation offerings in ways consistent with research-based recommendations.     

Mathematical tasks,study approaches,and course grades in undergraduate mathematics: a year-by-year analysis

Students approach learning in different ways, depending on the experienced learning situation. A deep approach is geared toward long-term retention and conceptual change while a surface approach focuses on quickly acquiring knowledge for immediate use. These approaches ultimately affect the students’ academic outcomes. This study takes a cross-sectional look at the approaches to learning used by students from courses across all four years of undergraduate mathematics and analyses how these relate to the students’ grades. We find that deep learning correlates with grade in the first year and not in the upper years. Surficial learning has no correlation with grades in the first year and a strong negative correlation with grades in the upper years. Using Bloom's taxonomy, we argue that the nature of the tasks given to students is fundamentally different in lower and upper year courses. We find that first-year courses emphasize tasks that require only low-level cognitive processes. Upper year courses require higher level processes but, surprisingly, have a simultaneous greater emphasis on recall and understanding. These observations explain the differences in correlations between approaches to learning and course grades. We conclude with some concerns about the disconnect between first year and upper year mathematics courses and the effect this may have on students.     

The effect of the 4MAT method (learning styles and brain hemispheres) of instruction on achievement in mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4MAT method of instruction in which learning style and cerebral hemispheres are taken into account in teaching the binary operation and its properties in mathematics. The sample of this study comprised 58 ninth grade students in two separate classes in a high school. One of the classes was selected as the experimental group in which 4MAT method of instruction was used; and the other class was selected as the control group in which the traditional teaching was given, and this selection was performed randomly. The data have been obtained primarily from three scales, namely ‘mathematical knowledge test’, ‘mathematical attitude scale’ and ‘knowledge test on binary operation and its properties’. It has been determined that 4MAT method of instruction was more efficient than the traditional method in teaching of the binary operation subject in mathematics.     

数学实验在工程数学教学中的应用

从《工程数学》教学实践出发,针对当前面临的教与学困难,提出引进《数学实验》课以解决这一问题.阐述了《数学实验》课的特点、重要性、作用,并给出具体实施办法.《数学实验》课可全方位提高学生学习《工程数学》兴趣,进而提高应用《工程数学》解决问题的能力.     

The wholes that are greater than the sum of their parts: employing cooperative learning in mathematics teachers’ education

This paper presents a study on employing different types of cooperative learning (CL) settings in mathematics teacher education based on multiple research data. The study analyzes mechanisms in which CL contributes to the development of teacher knowledge of three kinds: subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and curricular content knowledge. Additionally, it reflects on interactions between different kinds of teachers’ knowledge in the process of development. Two wholes, which are greater than the sum of their parts, are analyzed in this paper. The first is a course whose design combines different CL settings, hence enhances different mechanisms for teachers’ professional development. The second whole, teachers’ “collaborative mind,” is presented as an outcome of the first. To exemplify possible contributions of employing CL in teacher education, this paper first zooms in on the structure of one particular course for mathematics teachers and then focuses on one particular mathematical activity.     

Reflections on the promise and complexity of mathematics coaching

If students are to develop mathematical proficiency, then mathematics teaching must both change and improve. In an effort to provide site-based professional development addressing the mathematical content and pedagogical demands that teachers encounter in reality of public schooling, many school districts are turning to elementary mathematics coaches. Knowledgeable coaches can have a significant positive impact on teachers, yet this study documents substantial variance in the amount of coaching delivered and in the nature of activity that coaches undertake within schools. Coaches are frequently responsive to the needs of individual teachers. If this support is primarily marked by shared teaching or provision of instructional materials, it may not transform either instruction or teacher knowledge. Similarly if coaches assume duties that primarily address an administrator’s needs, they will have less time to enhance a school’s mathematics program. Coaches need to engage teachers in fundamental dialogue about mathematical content, mathematical learning, and student understanding. It may be that this dialogue and the effectiveness of a coach’s work with individual teachers would benefit from a coach’s concurrent work with grade-level teams. When a coach leads a grade-level team through discussion of targeted goals and approaches, the coach may facilitate individual teacher learning while building collective learning. When coupled with the support of a principal, this partnership may foster instructional change across a school.