潮州市西湖沉积物中金属元素的污染特性研究

用原子吸收分光光度法研究了潮州市西湖沉积物中的铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、镍、镁、钙等金属元素的含量及分布规律。结果表明,铜、铅、锌、镉和镍是主要的重金属污染物,沉积物中5种重金属的平均含量为:铜584.7 mg/kg,铅149.1 mg/kg,锌360.9 mg/kg,镉1.2 mg/kg,镍76.7 mg/kg,均高于我国土壤背景值。     

广东地产中药中几种重金属元素的含量测定

通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法对十三种广东地产中药中锰、镍、锌、铜、铅和镉等重金属元素含量进行了测定 ,以初步了解广东地产中药的重金属含量情况     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测大沂河水体的重金属含量

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了山东省曲阜市大沂河水体的重金属铜、铅、镉、锌含量。结果表明,大沂河水体中铜、铅、镉、锌的最高含量分别为0.018,0.230,0.176,0.490mg/L,其中铅和镉的含量超过国家Ⅴ类水标准。     

二乙胺荒酸钠–四氯化碳萃取连续光源原子吸收法测定磷酸一二钙中的痕量铅、镉

建立连续光源原子吸收分光光度法同时测定磷酸一二钙(MDCP)中铅、镉的方法。MDCP经盐酸消解后,以氢氧化钠溶液调节p H为11,加入KCN作为掩蔽剂,用二乙氨荒酸钠–四氯化碳络合铅、镉离子,再经CCl_4进一步萃取浓缩,采用连续光源原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉的含量。该方法铅、镉的检出限为1,0.5 mg/kg;用于不同批次MDCP产品测定,铅、镉测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.58%,6.91%(n=11);铅、镉的加标回收率分别为88.9%~104.7%,91.0%~106.4%。该法可用于MDCP中痕量铅、镉的同时测定。     

水母雪莲中不同器官五种元素含量测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法\石墨炉原子吸收光谱法以及分光光度法对水母雪莲花不同器官中K,Mg,Pb,Cd和P元素进行了测定分析。在水母雪莲的花中,钾的含量最高,可达26045.22mg/kg。在水母雪莲瘦果中磷的含量最高达6944.444 mg/kg。水母雪莲苞片中镁的含量最高为7066.51 mg/kg。重金属元素铅在叶中最高,其次为根中和苞片中,茎、花萼及瘦果中含量都很少。而重金属元素镉在苞片和花中含量较高,在其他各器官中含量较低。     

“浙八味”药材中重金属铅、镉、铜含量分析

为对"浙八味"药材质量控制和安全用药提供可靠的依据,采用灰化法处理样品,火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了其铅、镉、铜含量。结果表明,8种药材中的铅含量为0.828 1~1.747 3 mg.kg-1,镉含量为0.116 9~0.295 0mg.kg-1,铜含量为2.519 5~8.286 4 mg.kg-1。8种药材均检出一定量的有害重金属,但含量较低,未超出国家限量标准,符合《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的有关规定。     

萝卜中重金属元素的测定分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了河南豫北地区的三种萝卜中重金属元素。结果显示,该地区萝卜中铅含量较高,镉和汞含量极微。     

金华地区饲料中铅、镉的检测

通过对金华地区多家饲料生产厂家所生产的饲料进行抽样调查,利用原子吸收分光光度计测定了饲料中铅、镉的含量。结果表明,所测饲料原料样品中,铅、镉的含量完全符合国家标准规定,合格率100%;铅、镉含量分别在0.005~0.157 mg/kg和0.06~0.104 mg/kg范围内,铅含量最高的是玉米为0.157 mg/kg,最低的是蚕豆为0.005 mg/kg;镉含量最高的是骨粉为0.104 mg/kg,最低的是豌豆和蚕豆为0.006 mg/kg。金华市饲料中铅、镉含量符合国家饲料卫生标准,可以安全喂养牲畜。     

15种中成药中有害重金属铅、镉、铜含量的测定

为了解中药重金属污染情况,测定了市售常用15种中成药中重金属铅、镉、铜的含量,其中铅、镉采用石墨炉原子吸收法,铜采用火焰原子吸收法测定.结果表明,15种中成药均不同程度被这3种重金属污染,通心络中铅、镉、铜含量都已超标,桑菊感冒片镉超标,中药重金属污染问题仍然存在.     

青海种植山茛菪根部重金属元素特征

采集2～7年生人工种植山莨菪,用原子荧光光谱仪测定了镉、砷、汞,原子吸收光谱仪测定铅。结果表明,2—7年生种植山莨菪在每年9月份中,4种重金属元素含量水平由高到低依次为：砷、镉、铅、汞;铅和镉、砷和铅、且砷和镉之间均存在一定相关性。各种重金属的含量随着年份和生物量的增加而有所积累。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。