A reduced MFE formulation based on POD for the non-stationary conduction-convection problems

In this article, a reduced mixed finite element (MFE) formulation based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for the non-stationary conduction-convection problems is presented. Also the error estimates between the reduced MFE solutions based on POD and usual MFE solutions are derived. It is shown by numerical examples that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced MFE formulation based on POD is feasible and efficient in finding numerical solutions for the non-stationary conduction-convection problems.     

A reduced finite element formulation based on POD method for two-dimensional solute transport problems

A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is applied to a usual finite element (FE) formulation for two-dimensional solute transport problems with real practical applied background such that it is reduced into a reduced FE formulation with lower dimensions and high enough accuracy. The error estimates between the reduced POD FE solutions and the usual FE solutions are provided. It is shown by numerical examples that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is also shown that this validates the feasibility and efficiency of POD FE method.     

二维土壤溶质输运方程基于POD方法的降阶CN有限体积元外推算法

利用Crank-Nicolson(CN)有限体积元方法和特征投影分解方法建立二维土壤溶质输运方程的一种维数很低、精度足够高的降阶CN有限体积元外推算法,并给出这种外推算法的降阶CN有限体积元解的误差估计和算法的实现.最后用数值例子说明数值结果与理论结果相吻合,并阐明这种降阶CN有限体积元外推算法的优越性.     

Error estimates for abstract linear–quadratic optimal control problems using proper orthogonal decomposition

In this paper we investigate POD discretizations of abstract linear–quadratic optimal control problems with control constraints. We apply the discrete technique developed by Hinze (Comput. Optim. Appl. 30:45–61, 2005) and prove error estimates for the corresponding discrete controls, where we combine error estimates for the state and the adjoint system from Kunisch and Volkwein (Numer. Math. 90:117–148, 2001; SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 40:492–515, 2002). Finally, we present numerical examples that illustrate the theoretical results.     

A reduced-order extrapolation algorithm based on CNLSMFE formulation and POD technique for two-dimensional Sobolev equations

A reduced-order extrapolation algorithm based on Crank-Nicolson least-squares mixed finite element （CNLSMFE） formulation and proper orthogonal decomposition （POD） technique for two-dimensional （2D） Sobolev equations is established. The error estimates of the reduced-order CNLSMFE solutions and the implementation for the reduced-order extrapolation algorithm are provided. A numerical example is used to show that the results of numerical computations are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced-order extrapolation algorithm is feasible and efficient for seeking numerical solutions to 2D Sobolev equations.     

A POD REDUCED-ORDER SPDMFE EXTRAPOLATING ALGORITHM FOR HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS

In this article, a proper orthogonal decomposition （POD） method is used to study a classical splitting positive definite mixed finite element （SPDMFE） formulation for second- order hyperbolic equations. A POD reduced-order SPDMFE extrapolating algorithm with lower dimensions and sufficiently high accuracy is established for second-order hyperbolic equations. The error estimates between the classical SPDMFE solutions and the reduced-order SPDMFE solutions obtained from the POD reduced-order SPDMFE extrapolating algorithm are provided. The implementation for solving the POD reduced-order SPDMFE extrapolating algorithm is given. Some numerical experiments are presented illustrating that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions, thus validating that the POD reduced-order SPDMFE extrapolating algorithm is feasible and efficient for solving second-order hyperbolic equations.     

Numerical simulation for reactive solute transport of arsenic in permeable reactive barrier column including zero-valent iron

Numerical modeling was developed in one dimensional solute transport including chemical reaction to simulate the permeable reactive barrier column results, in which arsenite (As(III)) was removed using zero-valent iron (ZVI). Removal principles of As(III) includes oxidation of As(III) to As(V), sorption of As(III) and sorption of As(V) at least. Each kinetic parameter was drawn in preliminary batch tests to integrate the simulation.     

A reduced FE formulation based on POD method for hyperbolic equations

A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was successfully used in the reduced-order modeling of complex systems. In this paper, we extend the applications of POD method, namely, apply POD method to a classical finite element (FE) formulation for second-order hyperbolic equations with real practical applied background, establish a reduced FE formulation with lower dimensions and high enough accuracy, and provide the error estimates between the reduced FE solutions and the classical FE solutions and the implementation of algorithm for solving reduced FE formulation so as to provide scientific theoretic basis for service applications. Some numerical examples illustrate the fact that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced FE formulation based on POD method is feasible and efficient for solving FE formulation for second-order hyperbolic equations.     

Stochastic process model for solute transport and the associated transport equation

A mathematical model of Lagrangian motions of a particle in turbulent flows is developed on the basis of a stochastic differential equation. The model expresses uncertainties involved in turbulence by standard Brownian motion. Because the model does not guarantee smoothness of the path of the particle, local velocity is newly defined so as to be suitable for observation of a velocity time series at a fixed point. Then, it is shown that the newly defined local velocity is governed by a Gaussian distribution. In addition, an estimation method of the turbulent diffusion coefficient involved in the model is proposed by using the local velocity. The estimation method does not require tracer experiments. In order to assess the validity of the proposed local velocity, velocity measurements with three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeters were conducted in agricultural drainage canals. Also, the turbulent diffusion coefficient was estimated by the derived time series of the observed local velocity. Finally, a transport equation of conservative solute is derived by using the linearity of the Kolmogorov forward equation without using gradient-type lows.     

抛物型方程基于POD方法的时间二阶精度CN有限元降维格式

将特征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition, 简记为POD) 方法应用于抛物型方程通常的时间二阶精度Crank-Nicolson (简记为CN) 有限元格式, 简化其为一个自由度极少的时间二阶精度CN 有限元降维格式, 并给出简化的时间二阶精度CN 有限元解的误差分析. 数值例子表明在简化的时间二阶精度CN 有限元解和通常的时间二阶精度CN 有限元解之间的误差足够小的情况下, 简化的时间二阶精度CN 有限元格式能大大地节省自由度, 而且时间步长可以比时间一阶精度的格式取大10 倍, 以至能更快计算到所要时刻数值解, 减少计算机计算过程的截断误差, 提高计算速度和计算精度,从而验证降维时间二阶精度CN 有限元格式用于解类似于抛物型方程的时间依赖方程是很有效的.     

Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of CO2 transport through hollow-fiber membranes

Chemical absorption of carbon dioxide was studied theoretically using hollow-fiber membrane contactors in this work. A 2D mathematical model was developed to study CO₂ transport through hollow-fiber membrane contactors. The model considers axial and radial diffusion in the membrane contactor. It also considers convection in the tube and shell side with chemical reaction. The finite element method (FEM) was used to solve the model equations. Modeling predictions were validated with the experimental data obtained from literature for CO₂ absorption in amine aqueous solutions as solvent. The modeling predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data for different values of gas and liquid velocities. The liquid solvents considered for this study include aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃). The simulation results indicated that amine aqueous solutions were better than K₂CO₃ aqueous solution for CO₂ absorption. Also simulation results revealed that the removal of CO₂ with aqueous solution of MEA was the highest among the amines solvents. The hollow-fiber membrane contactors showed a great potential in the area of CO₂ absorption.     

Sharp estimates for finite element approximations to elliptic problems with Neumann boundary data of low regularity

Consider a second order homogeneous elliptic problem with smooth coefficients, , on a smooth domain, , but with Neumann boundary data of low regularity. Interior maximum norm error estimates are given for finite element approximations to this problem. When the Neumann data is not in , these local estimates are not of optimal order but are nevertheless shown to be sharp. A method for ameliorating this sub-optimality by preliminary smoothing of the boundary data is given. Numerical examples illustrate the findings.

     

Superelements for the finite element solution of two-dimensional elliptic problems with boundary singularities

A novel singular superelement (SSE) formulation has been developed to overcome the loss of accuracy encountered when applying the standard finite element schemes to two-dimensional elliptic problems possessing a singularity on the boundary arising from an abrupt change of boundary conditions or a reentrant corner. The SSE consists of an inner region over which the known analytic form of the solution in the vicinity of the singular point is utilized, and a transition region in which blending functions are used to provide a smooth transition to the usual linear or quadratic isoparametric elements used over the remainder of the domain. Solution of the finite element equations yield directly the coefficients of the asymptotic series, known as the flux/stress intensity factors in linear heat transfer or elasticity theories, respectively. Numerical examples using the SSE for the Laplace equation and for computing the stress intensity factors in the linear theory of elasticity are given, demonstrating that accurate results can be attained for a moderate computational effort.     

A spectral collocation method based on integrated Chebyshev polynomials for two-dimensional biharmonic boundary-value problems

This paper reports a new spectral collocation method for numerically solving two-dimensional biharmonic boundary-value problems. The construction of the Chebyshev approximations is based on integration rather than conventional differentiation. This use of integration allows: (i) the imposition of the governing equation at the whole set of grid points including the boundary points and (ii) the straightforward implementation of multiple boundary conditions. The performance of the proposed method is investigated by considering several biharmonic problems of first and second kinds; more accurate results and higher convergence rates are achieved than with conventional differential methods.     

Solving parabolic problems with different time steps in different regions in space based on domain decomposition methods

We describe a method for solving parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) using local refinement in time. Different time steps are used in different spatial regions based on a domain decomposition finite element method. Extrapolation methods based on either a linearly implicit mid-point rule or a linearly implicit Euler method are used to integrate in time. Extrapolation methods are a better fit than BDF methods in our context since local time stepping in different spatial regions precludes history information. Some linear and nonlinear examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

A New Reduced-Order fve Algorithm Based on POD Method for Viscoelastic Equations

A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique is used to reduce the finite volume element (FVE) method for two-dimensional (2D) viscoelastic equations. A reduced-order fully discrete FVE algorithm with fewer degrees of freedom and sufficiently high accuracy based on POD method is established. The error estimates of the reduced-order fully discrete FVE solutions and the implementation for solving the reduced-order fully discrete FVE algorithm are provided. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced-order fully discrete FVE algorithm is one of the most effective numerical methods by comparing with corresponding numerical results of finite element formulation and finite difference scheme and that the reduced-order fully discrete FVE algorithm based on POD method is feasible and efficient for solving 2D viscoelastic equations.     

非饱和土壤水流问题基于POD 方法的降阶有限体积元格式及外推算法实现

利用特征投影分解(proper orthogonal decomposition, 简记为POD) 方法对非饱和土壤水流问题的经典有限体积元格式做降阶处理, 建立一种具有足够高精度维数较低的降阶有限体积元格式, 并给出这种降阶有限体积元解的误差估计和外推算法的实现, 最后用数值例子说明数值结果与理论结果是相吻合的. 进一步表明了基于POD 方法的降阶有限体积元格式对求解非饱和土壤水流问题数值解是可靠和有效的.     

A second-order continuity domain decomposition technique based on integrated Chebyshev polynomials for two-dimensional elliptic problems

This paper presents a second-order continuity non-overlapping domain decomposition (DD) technique for numerically solving second-order elliptic problems in two-dimensional space. The proposed DD technique uses integrated Chebyshev polynomials to represent the solution in subdomains. The constants of integration are utilized to impose continuity of the second-order normal derivative of the solution at the interior points of subdomain interfaces. To also achieve a C²$C^2$ function at the intersection of interfaces, two additional unknowns are introduced at each intersection point. Numerical results show that the present DD method yields a higher level of accuracy than conventional DD techniques based on differentiated Chebyshev polynomials.     

A reduced-order finite difference extrapolation algorithm based on POD technique for the non-stationary Navier–Stokes equations

In this paper, a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique is used to establish a reduced-order finite difference (FD) extrapolation algorithm with lower dimensions and sufficiently high accuracy for the non-stationary Navier–Stokes equations, and the error estimates between the reduced-order FD solutions and the classical FD solutions and the implementation for solving the reduced-order FD extrapolation algorithm are provided. Two numerical examples illustrate the fact that the results of numerical computation are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced-order FD extrapolation algorithm based on POD method is feasible and efficient for solving the non-stationary Navier–Stokes equations.