Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants on Highly Dispersed Silica

Comparative study was made of adsorption of cationic surfactants, decamethoxine, ethonium, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, on a highly dispersed amorphous silica at different pH values. Contrary to the adsorption of monoquaternary ammonium compound, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the adsorption of bis(quaternary ammonium) compounds, ethonium and decamethoxine, was found to be caused mainly by electrostatic interaction. The adsorption of antiseptic decamethoxine is reversible at pH 6; this may be used to design carriers capable of controlled drug release into the surrounding medium.     

水杨酸钠对阳离子Gemini表面活性剂水溶液中蠕虫状胶束形成和性质的影响

用稳态和震荡剪切实验研究了水杨酸钠(NaSal)对50 mmol·L^-1阳离子Gemini表面活性剂2-羟基-(三亚甲基-α,ω-双十二烷基三甲基溴化铵和三亚甲基-α,ω-双十二烷基三甲基溴化铵, 简写为12-3(OH)-12和12-3-12)水溶液中形成蠕虫状胶束及其性质的影响. 在无盐状态下, 50 mmol·L^-1的12-3(OH)-12或12-3-12在水溶液中仅形成球状或棒状胶束. NaSal可促进上述两体系胶束的生长, 生成蠕虫状胶束. 比较而言, 12- 3(OH)-12对NaSal更敏感, 可以在低盐浓度下生成蠕虫状胶束. 而且与12-3-12体系相比, 12-3(OH)-12生成了更长的蠕虫状胶束. 这些差别在于12-3(OH)-12体系中存在羟基连接链之间的氢键作用, 这增加了12- 3(OH)-12头基的亲水性, 促进了反离子的解离, 增大的胶束表面电荷密度更强烈地结合水杨酸根反离子, 减小了头基间的静电斥力, 反过来又增强了分子间氢键, 致使 12-3(OH)-12胶束迅速生长.     

Physicochemical Properties of Highly Dispersed Iron Oxides Formed Inside Mesoporous Silica

Nanocomposites based on nanoparticles of iron oxides formed inside porous matrices were studied. Mesostructured silica material SBA-15 impregnated with an aqueous solution of iron(III) oxalate was heattreated in oxidizing (air) and reducing (Ar + 5% H₂) media. The resulting samples exhibited small oxide particle sizes (ca. 5 nm) and sufficiently uniform distribution of iron whose content was ~16 wt %.     

Interaction of Quercetin with Highly Dispersed Silica in Aqueous Suspensions

The adsorption of a flavoanoid, quercetin, from water–ethanol solutions on the highly dispersed silica surface was investigated as a function of the ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone concentrations. Solvation effects of quercetin in the molecular and deprotonated forms and also in the adsorbed state were theoretically considered.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Surface Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants

New pyridinium gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of renewable fatty acids with mercaptoethanol furnishing respective esters (mercaptomethyl decanoate, mercaptomethyl dodecanoate, mercaptomethyl tetradecanoate, mercaptomethyl hexadecanoate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4-dimethyl amino pyridine resulting in the formation of title gemini surfactants: 1-(5-(decanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(decanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (9), 1-(5-(dodecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(dodecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (10), 1-(5-(tetradecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(tetradecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (11), and 1-(5-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)-4-((5-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypentyl)dimethyl ammonio)pyridin-1-ium chloride (12). Their identifications are based on infrared, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, distortionless enhanced polarization transfer, co-relational spectroscopy (COSY), and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties are also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements. Thermal stability of these long chain cationic gemini surfactants have been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere.     

Adsorption of Bilirubin-Albumin Complex on the Surface of Highly Dispersed Silica

The interaction of bilirubin with albumin in aqueous buffer solutions is studied and the stability constants of the formed complex are determined. The adsorption of bilirubin and albumin from their individual and mixed solutions on the surface of highly dispersed silica is studied as a function of pH and albumin concentration. It is shown that the character of the adsorption of bilirubin from solutions containing albumin changes significantly compared to the adsorption from an individual solution.     

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, p-[C _n H_2n+1N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₂O]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? [A(n = 12), B(n = 14) and C(n = 16)], containing a spacer group with two flexible and hydrophilic groups (2-hydroxy-1,3-propylene) on both sides of a rigid and hydrophobic group (1,4-dioxyphenylene) has been synthesized by the reaction of hydroquinone diglycidyl ether with N,N-dimethylalkylamine and N,N-dimethylalkylamine hydrochloride. Their surface-active properties have been investigated by surface tension measurement. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactants are one order of magnitude lower than those of their corresponding monomeric surfactants (C _n H_2n + 1N⁺(CH₃)₃·Cl^?). Both the cmc and surface tension at the cmc (γ_cmc) of A are lower than those of p-[C₁₂H₂₅N⁺(CH₃)₂CH₂]₂C₆H₄·2Cl^? (D). The novel cationic gemini surfactants A and B also show good foaming properties.     

Salt Effect on the Aggregation Behaviors of an Anionic Carboxylate Gemini and a Cationic Surfactant

The synthesis method and conditions for the carboxylate Gemini surfactant O,O′‐bis(sodium 2‐lauricate)‐p‐benzenediol (C₁₁pPHCNa) were explored. Surface tension data of the single and mixed systems of catanionic (cationic with anionic) surfactants with different salt concentrations were used to determine the CMC values and to obtain the information of self‐assembly behaviors of the surfactants. Aggregates' morphologies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and speculation was made according to the viscosity measurement results. The results show that large spherical aggregates formed in the mixed solution, which tend to transfer into branched and wormlike mixed micelles with the increases of the salt concentration. The viscosity of the mixed solution was found to increase gradually corresponding to the change of the catanionic surfactant mixtures' morphology.     

Adsorption of Copper-Amino Acid Complexes on the Surface of Highly Dispersed Silica

The adsorption of the copper ions and some amino acids on the surface of silica from aqueous solutions is interpreted in terms of the surface complexation model. The stability constants of ternary surface complexes, in which silanol groups of silica act as one of the ligands, are determined. It is shown that the values of the constants of the binding of amino acid anions to copper ions on the surface are changed in accordance with a series of increasing hydrophobicity of substituents in the side chains of amino acids.     

酰胺基团对Gemini表面活性剂表面活性和聚集行为的影响

本文合成了含酰胺基团和不含酰胺基团的两类Gemini阳离子表面活性剂,测定了其表面活性参数,研究了酰胺基团对表面活性剂的表面活性和聚集行为的影响。结果表明,酰胺基团提高了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度,降低了胶团聚集数,增强了胶团微极性,增大了表面活性剂的饱和吸附量。     

系列阳离子双子表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性的研究

合成了一系列新型的阳离子双子表面活性剂二溴化-N,N'-二(二甲基烷基)乙二铵(12-2-m', m'＝4, 8, 12, 16), 初步研究了其水溶液的表面活性和电导率性质. 结果表明, 此类表面活性剂的表面活性与所含疏水尾基的碳数密切相关.     

Effects of Spacer Chain Length and Additives on Solution Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactant

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) has been determined for the gemini surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide)12-s-12,2Br^?1 by means of electricity conductivity measurements. For the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, geminis have CMC values well below those of conventional single-chain cationic surfactants. The CMC of 12-3-12 reduces with the addition of n-alcohol except ethanol and with the increase of n-alcohol chain length as well as increase of concentration of n-butanol and sodium chloride. Steady-state fluorescence quenching technology has been employed to study the aggregation number of micelle, which increases with increase in the length of n-alcohol. The Kraft temperature measurements also indicate that the stability of solid surfactant hydrate decreases along with the improvement of concentration of n-butanol and sodium chloride.     

Different Distributions of Counterions in the Surface Layer of Cationic Surfactant Solutions

We have separately determined the surface tension of pure aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and their surface potentials by a Kelvin probe system. With the help of Gibbs equation, the surface excess has been determined through approximating the chemical activity of the surfactant by their dilute bulk concentration. In the following, the surface potential—surface excess isotherms were established. Those potential isotherms evidence that cetyltrimethylammonium chloride solution has a higher value compared to that of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide under equal surface excess. This phenomenon is supposed to be owed to the different distributions of chloride and bromide ions within the adsorption layer of the solutions, which can be attributed to the different properties of those two anions.     

Properties of Aqueous Suspensions of Highly Dispersed Silica in the Presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone

The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on stability, rheological, electrokinetic and electrophysical properties of aqueous dispersions of A-300 pyrogenic silica was studied. The suspensions were shown to be most stable at PVP concentrations in the range from 0.12 to 0.24 wt % that was provided by structure-related mechanical factors. In the presence of PVP, the value of -potential decreases, the ac conductivity increases, and rheological properties vary similarly to variations of oxide dispersity.     

光敏型季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性和泡沫性质

本文报道了一种光敏型的阳离子表面活性剂（AZO），其分子结构中含有偶氮苯基团，并研究了光照对表面活性和泡沫性能的影响。经紫外光照射后，表面活性剂的饱和吸附量（Г_max）减小，临界胶束浓度（cmc）、最低表面张力（γ_cmc）和分子极限占有面积（A_min）增大；气泡数目增多，直径变小，发泡能力和泡沫稳定性降低。实验结果证实，该表面活性剂的表面活性和泡沫稳定性可以用光照进行调控。     

正离子Gemini表面活性剂/负离子聚电解质相互作用的研究

摘要 采用荧光探针法和电导法研究了正离子偶联表面活性剂(C₁₂H₂₅(CH₃)₂N-(CH₂)₆-N(CH₃)₂C₁₂H₂₅•2Br) (12-6-12• 2Br^－)和带相反电荷聚电解质聚丙烯酸钠(NaPA)的相互作用, 结果表明: 由于静电相互作用, 12-6-12•2Br^－和NaPA之间可以形成类胶束或复合物. 对比十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTMAB)与NaPA复配体系的荧光光谱, 发现偶联表面活性剂与NaPA的相互作用强于传统表面活性剂. 此外, 还研究了盐和醇对偶联表面活性剂/聚丙烯酸钠的复配体系微极性的影响, 发现盐和醇对表面活性剂在聚电解质上形成类胶束和复合物的溶解都有一定的促进作用.     

NaCl对烷基苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂水溶液性质的影响

采用旋滴法测定了烷基苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂Ia水溶液与正庚烷的界面张力,用超微电极循环伏安法测定了水溶液中Ia的胶束扩散系数.结果发现,NaCl的加入能够使界面张力降低2倍左右,使Ia的胶束扩散系数变大;Ia浓度增大,胶束扩散系数变小,而NaCl浓度增大,胶束扩散系数变大.这些变化说明NaCI的加入使得Ia胶束大小发生了变化.这是由于NaCl的加入降低了Ia离子头基之间的静电斥力,使得Ia分子排列更加紧密,更有效降低了油水的界面张力,使胶束形状变小;同时胶束表面电荷得到中和,胶束的静电斥力相应减小,胶束流动性相应增加,从而表现出较大的胶柬扩散系数.     

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel N-Alkyl Quinoline-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants

Two series of cationic dimeric (gemini) surfactants are prepared with respect to key surfactants properties, such as surface activity and solubilization. The influence of both the dimerization and the spacer group is examined in order to establish structure-property relationships. The surface tension and critical micelle concentration can be markedly reduced compared to the monomeric surfactants in the pure state. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of each series has been determined using equilibrium surface tension measurements. Furthermore, air/water interface parameters including effectiveness (π_cmc), efficiency (P_C20), maximum surface excess (Γ _max ), and minimum surface area (A _min ) have been also derived using Gibb's adsorption equation at 25°C. Standard free energies of micellization and adsorption were calculated. Solubilization behaviors of the synthesized surfactants were measured towards paraffin oil as solubilized material using light transmission technique.