Physical Properties of Magnetic Fluids and Nanoparticles from Magnetic and Magneto-rheological Measurements

Static magnetization curves and the magnetorheological effect were used to study the microstructural properties (agglomerate formation) of magnetic fluids and the properties of dispersed nanoparticles. Improved techniques for magnetogranulometry analysis and a formula for the magnetoviscous effect were proposed. The area of applicability of some existing models was studied. The density, distribution, and dimension of particles, as well as the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer were accurately determined from magnetic measurements. The Shliomis diameter and the effective anisotropy constant were determined from rheological and magnetorheological measurements using information obtained from magnetization curves. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Influence of the Crystallinity of Silver Nanoparticles on Their Magnetic Properties

The magnetic properties of noble-metal nanoparticles are a puzzling phenomenon, tentatively often explained as a size effect or a ligand effect. Many experimental studies performed to date have attempted to vary these readily available parameters without reaching a definitive conclusion. In an attempt at better understanding the role of core crystallinity on these magnetic properties, we have compared the behavior of silver nanoparticles, which were either single-crystalline or multi-twinned, of almost identical sizes and with the same ligand coating. Our results indicate that single-crystalline nanoparticles tend to behave as classical paramagnetic materials, whereas multi-twinned ones exhibit a combination of para- and ferro-magnetic behaviors. Our hypothesis is that lattice defects within the core bear magnetic moments which couple through conduction electrons, with dipolar interactions also playing a local and macroscopic role.     

甲基葡萄糖苷对钻井液性能的影响

甲基葡萄糖苷对钻井液性能的影响;甲基葡萄糖苷;抑制作用;膜效率;活度;钻井液     

复合型改性木质素基钻井液用降粘剂的性能研究

以马尾松硫酸盐制浆黑液为原料,经化学改性制备复合型改性木质素基钻井液用降粘剂,并对其在钻井液中的降粘性能进行实验室评价。研究结果表明,该降粘剂既能发挥无机降粘剂良好的降粘作用,又具有木质素系降粘剂良好的抗温、抗盐效果,具有较好的协同作用。加入0.5%降粘剂的淡水基浆,降粘率可达96.7%。     

Field Assay of Polyacrylamide in Drilling Fluids

Abstract

A rapid and sensitive method of the assay of polyacrylamide in drilling fluids at the drill site for oil exploration is described. Base hydrolysis and a gas sensing electrode are utilized. Polyacrylamide was determined from 0.031 to 4.81 w/w% with an average error of 1.79% and an average standard deviation of 0.17.     

流体熵相关性质的Monte Carlo模拟新方法

提出了用于计算实际体系熵相关性质的Monte Carlo多级取样分子模拟方法. 应用这一方法, 对硬球流体的化学势及Helmholtz自由能进行了估算, 得到了满意的结果. 计算化学势时, 不存在通常试验粒子方法所遇到的高密度问题. 该方法特别适合规律性的系统研究, 较之普通模拟方法要有效得多. 模拟得到的硬球体系无限稀释组份的超额化学势与对比直径的关系, 在相变区域为一条双凹曲线; 无论是在相变区还是在单相区, Carnahan-Starling公式对这一关系的描述均有较大偏差.     

The Influence of Biaxial Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Filled with ZnO Nanoparticles

The influence of biaxial orientation on the mechanical characteristics of polypropylene filled with ZnO nanoparticles was studied. The experimental method of biaxial orientation of composite was developed. The film of filled composite was compressed between two thick disks made of lead/tin alloy; the deformation was determined by alloy. The nanocomposite material contained particles characterized by size ≤30 nm. The increase in content of particles led to the significant increase in yield point; it was explained by crystallization of polypropylene on filler particles. The nonoriented composite exhibited brittle rupture at the degree of filling equal to 20 vol %. The rupture took place owing to the emergence of a craze-like crack; polymer flow was localized within the zone characterized by width about 10 μm. Preliminary orientation at twofold degree of deformation already allowed preserving plasticity of composite containing up to 30 vol % of particles.     

Elastic Properties of Magnetic Fluids

Colloid Journal - Statistical theory and microscopic expression of the stress tensor in the model of a two-component magnetic fluid have been employed to derive analytical relations for dynamic...     

纳米银颗粒在模拟体液中的表面吸附特性

为了了解纳米银颗粒在体内是以Ag⁺还是以纳米银颗粒的形式存在,本研究设计了体外模拟试验,考察纳米银颗粒在模拟体液中所发生的表面化学反应。将纳米银颗粒放在模拟体液中反应5 min, 30 min, 1 h和4 h,反应结束后利用ICP-MS测定溶解到模拟体液中的银离子浓度,利用TEM观察纳米银颗粒在模拟体液中的分散状态,利用XPS分析与模拟体液反应后纳米银颗粒表面化学元素组成。结果显示,纳米银颗粒与体液接触后,体液中的蛋白质会吸附到纳米银颗粒表面,绝大部分纳米银颗粒转化成覆蛋白膜的颗粒,这些覆膜颗粒可以均匀的分散在模拟体液中。只有极小一部分(小于0.01%)的纳米银颗粒会在初始阶段溶解为Ag⁺。这一结果说明纳米银颗粒在模拟体液中主要是以覆蛋白膜的纳米银颗粒形式存在,预示着在体内纳米银颗粒能够以颗粒形态在全身分布。这一特性可能会导致一些生物负效应的发生。     

AgNPs@ZIF-67复合纳米粒子的合成及其抗菌性能研究※

细菌感染和因抗生素滥用而引发的细菌耐药性问题已经成为威胁公共健康的重大隐患, 开发新型、高效的抗菌剂势在必行. 金属有机框架材料(MOFs)是当今抗菌材料研究的热点之一. 多孔的碳骨架结构能够提供有限空间避免负载的金属纳米颗粒聚集以及有利于其稳定存在. 基于ZIF-67的载体作用, 发展了一种新颖、绿色、简便、低成本的银纳米颗粒-沸石咪唑骨架(AgNPs@ZIF-67)复合纳米粒子的制备方法. 利用透射电子显微镜、元素分布图谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、N₂吸-脱附等温线和Zeta电位等表征手段证实了小尺寸AgNPs均匀、稳定地分散在ZIF-67上. 少量的AgNPs沉积大幅提升了ZIF-67的抗菌性能, 使AgNPs@ZIF-67成为一种很有前途的抗菌纳米材料.     

磁流变体的制备及性能

对以羰基铁粉、硅油和烃类油为悬浮相和悬浮介质,通过适当添加剂和工艺制备的磁流变体材料,制备方法、磁流变性能及影响因素进行了研究,认为是具有良好综合性能的磁流变体材料.制备的磁流变体具有较低的零场粘度(0.4～1.5 Pa s),较高的剪切应力(τ=50～75 kPa)和良好的稳定性及阻尼性能.     

An Overview of Surfactant Applications in Drilling Fluids for the Petroleum Industry

Surfactants are increasingly being used in an ever-expanding variety of applications for drilling fluids. In oil-based drilling fluids, the most well-known applications of surfactants are as emulsifiers and wetting agents. In water-based drilling fluids, there is a continually-growing variety of applications that include:

• oil-in-water emulsification in base fluid formulations;

• shale-swelling inhibitors to prevent wellbore instabilities;

• detergency to prevent cuttings sticking to drill bit (adhesion of clay to metal parts);

• prevention of differential sticking;

• dispersants to inhibit flocculation of clay particles;

• foaming additives, to generate high gas/water ratio foam used as drilling fluids for low-pressure reservoirs and hard-rock drilling;

• defoaming additives to eliminate undesirable foam in water-based fluids;

• surfactant-polymer complexes for enhanced properties in fluids for low-pressure reservoirs.

This review describes historical and modern applications of surfactant technology in drilling fluids, and the impact of those molecules on drilling operations. Proper selection and application of surfactants in drilling fluids have a significant economic impact, in terms of reducing the amount of lost time and potential trouble, and have a direct consequence on overall drilling performance and results.     

Plasmonic Properties and Size Programming: A Quantitative Study for Photosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles

A novel two‐component peak quantitative spectra deconvolution model is employed to elucidate the relationship between the plasmonic properties and the concentration‐dependent Au nanocrystals nucleation. The reactions with the initial concentration of starting reagent NaAuCl₄ from 0.75 mM to 0.1 mM are monitored. The peak area variation between component peak (b), large size nanoparticles (d ≥ 8.1 nm), and component peak (a), small size nanoparticles (d ≤ 8.0 nm), demonstrates that the initial concentration of NaAuCl₄ plays a decisive factor to determine the (b/a) ratio, i.e. the growth progresses of Au nanoparticles. If the initial concentration of NaAuCl₄ is higher than 0.2 mM, two independent growth progresses of Au nanoparticles are observed, and a continuous λ_max blue‐shift of surface plasmon absorption peak accompanied with the second growth progress is measured. On the other hand, in the reactions with the initial concentration of NaAuCl₄ lower than 0.2 mM, only one crystal growth progress of Au nanoparticles is shown, and the blue‐shift phenomenon of absorption peak induced by the second crystal growth progress no longer exists.     

Prominent Study on Surface Properties and Diffusion Coefficient of Urease-Conjugated Magnetite Nanoparticles

Herein, the magnetite nanoparticles (MNs) were prepared by facile solvothermal method and its porous nature was modified using 3-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AEAPS). Magnetite formation, successful amino tagging, and urease conjugation on the surface were confirmed from the presence of certain functional groups in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Also, nanosize (13.2 nm) and spherical morphology of MNs were evaluated from diffraction patterns and electron micrographs respectively. Lower retentivity and coercivities in magnetization curve revealed the superparamagnetic behavior, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves exhibited decrease in its surface porosity. Conductivity measurements showed lower diffusion coefficient (D_e?=?1.9?×?10^?17 cm²/min) and higher diffusion with limited hydrolytic reaction in native urease and improved activity of conjugated urease with higher D_e (12.62?×?10^?16 cm²/min). Hence, this study revealed that the surface porous nature of MNs can be altered effectively by amino tagging in order to overcome diffusional limitations thereby enhancing enzyme activity.     

掺杂纳米ZnO粉体的制备及其气敏特性的研究

以ZnCl2和NaOH为原料由凝胶.网络法制备了纳米ZnO粉体和掺杂La2O3的ZnO粉体,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对两种粉体的形貌和结构进行了表征.研究表明.用凝胶网络法制备的两种粉体的结晶情况良好,分布均匀,平均粒径分别为29nm和25nm.以掺杂不同金属氧化物的ZnO纳米粉体为原料,制备了旁热式厚膜型气敏元件,对比实验表明,掺杂的元件对甲醛气体的灵敏度比纯ZnO的灵敏度高,且掺杂La2O3后的ZnO气敏元件具有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性.     

分光光度法测定钻井液中示踪剂荧光素钠

研究了钻井液示踪剂荧光素钠的分光光度法测定方法。在pH9.0的乙酸钠缓冲介质中,用5cm比色皿于波长485nm条件下,分光光度法测定钻井水示踪剂荧光素钠的测量下限为0.005μg/mL。对荧光素钠含量为0.012μg/mL的水样,测量相对标准偏差(RSD)为8.7%,可以满足钻井水示踪技术要求。     

聚合物纳米粒子的结构和性能对胞吞和细胞功能的影响

随着纳米医学的发展,越来越多的聚合物纳米粒子被用作荧光探针和药物或基因的载体,在生物分析、检测以及药物传输和基因治疗等领域得到应用。细胞的胞吞是细胞将细胞外基质、病毒、微组织或纳米粒子运送到细胞内部的一个重要生理过程。研究细胞对纳米粒子的胞吞,有助于从细胞层次上理解生命现象,掌握细胞内治疗的机理。本文综述了近几年来细胞和聚合物纳米粒子之间相互作用的最新研究结果。首先介绍了用于胞吞研究的常用聚合物纳米粒子体系及其功能化方法,尤其是荧光探针的复合与表面修饰。进而介绍了细胞和聚合物纳米粒子之间相互作用的基本过程,包括聚合物纳米粒子在细胞转运过程中的驱动力、细胞内转运过程、在细胞中的分布及其细胞毒性。对影响聚合物纳米微粒胞吞的因素如纳米粒子浓度、共培养时间、纳米粒子性能（形状、粒径、电荷和PEG修饰）、细胞类型和培养条件等进行了总结。最后重点介绍了用于受体介导细胞胞吞的聚合物纳米粒子体系,指出了目前研究工作中的不足及未来发展方向。     

ZnxFe3-xO4复合磁性流体的磁特性

制备了配以不同表面活性剂和基液的几种接Zn的Fe3O4复合磁性液体．通过对其中磁性微粒颗粒度、分布均匀性的分析和复合磁性液体比饱和磁化强度、矫顽力等磁特性的测试,阐述了掺Zn量及表面活性剂等因素对世性液体磁特性的影响,并对其磁性机理进行了探讨．