Transport Properties of Plasticized Membranes Based on Organic Ion Exchangers

Transport properties of ion-exchange membranes selective to surface-active substances are studied. The membranes are based on assorted electrode-active compounds, such as Methyl Green–dodecyl sulfate and cetylpyridinium–tetraphenylborate, which exhibit anion or cation selectivity, and cetylpyridinium–dodecyl sulfate, which displays cation–anion selectivity. On the basis of the data obtained with the electroconductivity, EMF, and applied-voltage methods, a conclusions is drawn about the majority charge carriers in the membranes and it is shown that the processes at the membrane/solution interface are reversible.     

Comparative Study of Water Softening with Granular and Fibrous Ion Exchangers

Comparative study of softening of model hard water with both strongly acidic fibrous FIBAN K-1 and granular KU-2 ion exchangers was carried out. The influence of the filter-bed height, packing density of fibrous ion exchangers, volume sorption capacity, and filtering rate on the efficiency of calcium removal from model hard water was analyzed.     

低浓度HPAM/AlCit交联聚合物溶液性质研究

采用粘度法、扫描电镜（SEM）、核孔膜过滤、动态光散射（DLS）和27Al NMR法，研究了高分子量低浓度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）与柠檬酸铝（AlCit）体系交联反应过程溶液性质变化.结果表明，HPAM与AlCit反应在低剪切速率时体系粘度随反应进行而降低，在剪切速率较高时具有剪切稠化现象，HPAM与AlCit反应过程中交联态Al的自旋 晶格弛豫时间随反应进行变短.低浓度的HPAM与AlCit发生分子内交联反应形成交联聚合物线团（LPC）在水中的分散体系，即交联聚合物溶液（LPS）.交联聚合物溶液中LPC的平均流体力学半径约为238 nm，其形态接近球形，具有多分散性. LPS对1.2 μm核孔膜的封堵程度与其反应时间有关.     

聚合物溶液体系玻璃化转变温度与组成之间的关系

大量的文献报道了聚合物溶液体系中聚合物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与组成之间的关系,这些理论公式大多是基于经典热力学理论,自由体积等理论得到的,这些结果在一些聚合物溶液体系中与实验结果是符合的.在一些聚合物-溶剂体系中,Tg与组成的关系之间出现了反常的"cusp"点,两个玻璃化温度等现象,部分理论值与预测值出现较大偏差,可以用自由体积理论和自聚集理论加以定性的解释.但是依然缺乏普遍的理论来解释和预测上面现象的发生,需要进一步完善和发展聚合物溶液体系中玻璃化转变温度与组成之间的关系.     

铜离子印迹聚合物的制备及性能研究

在乙醇溶液中,以Cu(Ⅱ)为模板分子,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂采用分散聚合法制备铜离子印迹聚合物(Cu~(2+)-IIP),并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱对聚合物的结构及性能进行了表征。考察了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、pH值等因素对聚合物吸附性能的影响。实验表明,室温条件下,在pH=6,90min吸附达到平衡,其最大吸附量为1.42mmol/g;与非印迹聚合物相比,印迹聚合物有较大的吸附量及较好的选择性。因此,印迹聚合物在固相萃取、水处理等方面具有很好的应用前景。     

温度对水的离子积与溶液酸碱性的pH判据的影响

讨论了温度对水的离子积Kw和溶液酸碱性的pH判据的影响,分析了容易产生的模糊认识.Kw随温度升高显著增大,使溶液呈中性的pH(中性pH = pKw/2)在高温(>25 ℃)和低温区(<25 ℃)分别出现小于和大于7.0的情况.     

聚氧化乙烯基聚合物电解质中离子缔合与结晶状态的傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究

通过FTIR光谱技术对P(EO)_nLiX [X＝N(SO₂CF₃)₂, SCN, ClO₄] (n＝4～60)聚合物电解质的离子缔合行为进行了研究, 结果表明在PEO-LiSCN体系中缔合现象较为严重. 在高浓度时LiSCN主要以离子对、离子簇以及二聚体形式存在, 自由离子含量较少. 而对于LiTFSI和LiClO₄体系, 则以自由离子形式为主. 随着锂盐的加入, 由于其阴离子的增塑作用使聚氧化乙烯(PEO)中的晶相成分逐渐向无定形相转化. 当锂盐含量增加到一定程度, 体系中会有不同晶相复合物的形成.     

用于锂离子电池聚合物电解质的组成、结构和性能

聚合物电解质是全固态锂离子电池的重要组成部分, 其电导率对电池的性能有很重要的影响.本文综述了聚合物电解质的组成、结构和性能对锂 离子电池导电率影响的最新研究进展,特别是介绍了聚合物-碱金属盐复合电解质和聚离子体电解质两个体系的研究进展.     

双重印迹法制备汞离子印迹聚合物及其性能研究

采用双重印迹法,以N-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基乙二胺为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和Hg2+为模板,合成出Hg2+印迹聚合物.聚合物中的表面活性剂和Hg2+分别由乙醇萃取和HCl洗涤除去,利用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物的吸附性能和选择识别能力,且探讨了实验条件对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在竞争离子Cu2+(或Cd2+) 存在下,印迹聚合物具有较高的吸附能力和选择识别能力,最大相对选择系数k′>200,且可以循环使用.     

Acid-Base Properties and Structural Features of Composite Ion Exchangers Based on KU-23 and KM-2p Cation Exchangers and Hydrated Zirconium Oxide

A method for introduction of hydrated zirconium oxide into macroporous cation exchangers KU-23 and KM-2p and the acid-base properties and structural features of the composite ion exchangers are described.     

The Influence of Dimensional Effects on the Composition and Properties of Polydicarbonfluoride

The influence of dimensional effects on the compositions and properties of polydicarbonfluoride (C₂F)_n prepared from multilayered graphenes was investigated. Multilayered graphenes were produced by destructive thermal decomposition of intercalation compounds of “idealized” (C₂F)_n that were obtained by reaction of gaseous ClF₃ with natural graphite at a room temperature. The precursors of multilayered graphenes have a common formula (C₂F?xR)_n where R is an organic or inorganic component. It was shown that polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene does not form stable intercalation compound with ClF₃, in contrast to polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite, that forms its intercalation compound with ClF₃ during fluorination of initial graphite in the ClF₃ excess. Investigations of polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene showed that it cannot form intercalation compounds with different classes of organic and inorganic compounds as polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite can do. The absence of such intercalation activity for polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene can be explained by high exfoliation degree of multilayered graphene (3–4 nm) along the c‐axis that results in the presence of two‐dimensional (2D) structure properties in multilayered graphene. Dimensional effects transformed the chemical properties of polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene and lowered its decomposition temperature by 150 K in comparison with polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite.     

毛细管内高分子溶液的浓度分布

采用连续自洽场理论分析了毛细管中发生凝胶化之前的聚合物溶液浓度分布的影响因素及其规律. 结果表明, 体系尺寸有限时, 改变聚合物链段、溶剂与壁面的相互作用参数之差, 聚合物溶液浓度分布会发生贫化/吸附转变; 临界作用参数与聚合物链长的倒数呈线性关系, 且拟合常数与体系尺寸、聚合物溶液平均体积分数有关; 聚合物分子量分布为多分散时, 分子量较低的组分更容易接近容器壁面, 分子量较大的组分则相反. 总之, 增加聚合物溶液浓度、链长, 选择优良溶剂, 减小体系尺寸等都会使浓度分布更加均匀.     

苯胺在碱性溶液中的电化学聚合和聚合物的性质

苯胺在碱性溶液中电化学氧化时，阳极上形成深黄色的聚苯胺，其氧化峰电位为０．７Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ含饱和ＫＣｌ溶液），比在酸性溶液中氧化约低０．３Ｖ，环一盘电极实验结果表明，在碱性溶液中，苯胺氧化时生成两种可溶性的中间物，形成的聚合物颜色不随电位和ｐＨ值而变化，在空气和碱性溶液中具有很高的稳定性，在紫外－可见光谱图上，聚合物的吸收峰出现在５００ｍ左右。     

Comparison of Fibrous Carboxylic Ion Exchangers in Water Treatment to Remove Heavy Metal Ions

Treatment of drinking water to remove heavy metal ions Pb^{2 +}, Cu^{2 +}, Cd^{2 +}, Co^{2 +}, Ni^{2 +}, and Zn^{2 +} with commercial fibrous carboxylic ion exchangers FIBAN Kh-1, K-3, K-4, and K-5 was studied. Features of metal ion sorption from two-component solutions were determined. A comparative evaluation of the sorption selectivity of FIBAN fibrous ion exchangers with respect to heavy metal ions was made.     

Synthesis,Ion Exchange Properties and Applications of Thermally Stable Stannic Selenophosphate: Comparison With Other TIN(IV) Based Ion Exchangers

Abstract

Samples of stannic selenophospnate have been synthesized by mixing 0.05m aquous solutions of stannic chloride, sodium selenite and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in different volume ratios at pH = 1. The chemical compositions have been determined. The Tin, Selenium and Phosphorous contents of all these samples have been found to be in the ratio of 1:1:1. Sample with a high ion exchange capacity (1.63 meq/ dry gm) has been studied in detail. pH titrations, IR and X-ray analysis, distribution coefficients of metal ions in different systems were performed. The differential selectivity of metal ions on stannic selenophosphate has been utilized for the important separations. Fourteen quantitative separations of industrial and analytical-importance have been achieved on its column. A comparison of the important properties of stannic selenophosphate have been made with stannic tungsto-arsenate, stannic molybdoarsenate, stannic arsenophosphate, stannic vanadophosphate, stannic phosphate and stannic selenite. It peak due to inter stitial water (1600cm^?1) persists upto 500°C. However, the peak vanishes completely when the drying temperature is increased to 800°C.     

NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响研究

研究了NaCl对疏水缔合聚合物溶液性质的影响。结果表明,所合成的疏水缔合聚合物的特性粘数随NaCl浓度的增加而降低,其表观粘度则先降低后增加,继续增加NaCl浓度,溶液粘度降低,但仍保持很高的粘度。环境扫描电镜(ESEM)研究表明,疏水缔合聚合物在去离子水体系中会形成网状结构,而在NaCl浓度为5g·L-1的溶液中,ESEM照片显示疏水缔合聚合物的结构为致密的树枝状结构,且存在一临界缔合浓度。     

一种疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及其溶液性能

粘度;抗盐性;表面活性剂;一种疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及其溶液性能     

High-Pressure Stopped-Flow Study of the Kinetics of Base Hydrolysis of the Dichromate Ion by Hydroxide Ion,Ammonia, Water,and 2,6-Lutidine in Aqueous Solution

Volumes of activation for the base hydrolysis of the dichromate anion have been measured at 298.2 K, using high-pressure stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The values of ΔV* (cm³ · mol^?1), ? 17.9 ± 0.6, ? 19.2 ± 0.9, ? 24.9 ± 0.9 and ? 26.0 ± 0.7 for OH^?, NH₃, H₂O and 2,6-lutidine, respectively, are consistent with an interchange mechanism with associative activation mode (I^a).     

用于锂离子电池的凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能

以丙烯腈(AN)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和衣康酸锂(IALi)为自由基共聚反应的主要单体, 采用溶液聚合方法, 合成轻度交联的P(AN-MA-IALi)聚合物电解质膜.通过FTIR, DSC和SEM等测试方法对共聚物的结构进行了表征, 利用交流阻抗等电化学方法对该膜的导电性能进行了研究.实验结果表明, 所制备的交联聚合物的室温电导率达到10-5~10-4 S/cm, 当IALi的质量分数为3%时, 所制备的聚合物电解质膜的电导率最大可达到1.89×10-4 S/cm.     

聚合物在离子选择电极上的应用

本文概述了聚合物膜离子选择电极的发展、制备、应用等方面的研究情况。分别对固态膜类和液膜类聚合物膜离子选择电极的优缺点和发展前景进行了分析,并讨论了聚合物在膜电极中的作用,以及聚合物的结构对膜电极性能的影响。