Preconcentration and Determination of Tin in Water Samples by Using Cloud Point Extraction and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A method based on cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed for the analysis of trace tin in water samples. After cloud point extraction, the tin in the water samples was preconcentrated and successfully separated from most interferents. During the procedure, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was used as chelating reagent, and Triton X-114 was added as surfactant. The parameters affecting the sensitivity and the extraction efficiency, such as solution pH, concentration of 8-HQ and Triton X-114, equilibration temperature and centrifuge time, were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a preconcentration factor of 96.2 was obtained for a 20 mL water sample. The detection limit (LOD) was as low as 0.012 ng mL⁻¹, and the analytical curve was linear in the range of 0.05–2.0 ng mL⁻¹ with satisfactory precision (RSD <4.1%). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace tin in water samples with recoveries in the range of 85.0–112.0%.     

Cloud Point Extraction of Serum Albumin and Its Spectrophotometric Determination in Serum Samples

Abstract

A new method based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) separation and ultraviolet spectrometry determination was proposed for the determination of albumin. When the system temperature is higher than the cloud point extraction temperature (CPT) of the mixed surfactant of p‐octyl polyethyleneglycolphenyether (Triton X‐100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), serum albumin could be extracted into surfactant‐rich phase. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the determination limit for serum albumin as low as 0.18 µg/mL was obtained by preconcentrating a 10 mL sample solution, and the relative standard deviation (n=10, c=40.0 µg/mL) was 3.77%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of albumin in serum samples. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with coomassie brilliant blue (CBB).     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定地表水中微囊藻毒素

提出了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素的方法.水样经减压过滤后,过C18反相固相萃取柱富集浓缩,用20%(体积分数)甲醇溶液淋洗,以1 mL·min-1的流速,用纯甲醇将微囊藻毒素从固相萃取柱上洗脱下来,氮吹浓缩后,用0.05 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液作流动相,与甲醇以体积比为40比60进行淋洗,紫外检测波长为238 nm,用此方法对两种微囊藻毒素MC-LR、MC-RR的线性范围为0.25～10.0 mg·L-1,测定限(10S/N)均为0.05 μg·L-1,回收率在76.2%～96.5%之间.     

水中痕量铝离子的浊点萃取-荧光光度法测定

建立了荧光光度法测定水中痕量铝离子的浊点萃取分离富集新体系.在pH 6.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲体系中,水样中的铝与8-羟基喹啉生成疏水性络合物.通过85 ℃水浴加热40 min,8-羟基喹啉-铝络合物被萃取到Triton X-100表面活性剂相并与水相分开.将表面活性剂相用乙醇分散稀释至2.0 mL,在激发波长375 nm和发射波长510 nm下进行荧光测定.测定铝的线性范围为4.0 ～200.0 μg/L,方法的检出限为1.2 μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.5%(n=11).方法用于自来水、矿泉水、河水和湖水中痕量铝的测定,加标回收率为92% ～108%.     

Determination of Mecruy at Trace Level in Natural Water Samples by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration

Mercury as a heavy metal of high toxicity is one of the most harmful elements to human beings and other creatures. Since mercury concentration in natural water is low, proper preconcentration techniques are required to increase its concentration, lower it…     

固相萃取光度法测定水样中的银

银是一种重要的环境元素,已被列为水质常规检测项目之一。本实验研究了氯磺酚偶氮硫代若丹宁[5-(2-羟基,4-磺酸基,5-氯苯-1-偶氮)-硫代若丹宁(HSCT)]与银的显色反应及C18固相萃取小柱对络合物的固相萃取,并基于此建立了一种用固相萃取光度法测定环境水样中μg／L级银含量的新方法。     

Cloud Point Preconcentration and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Cobalt and Nickel in Water Samples

 Cloud point methodology was successfully used to preconcentrate trace amounts of Co and Ni as a prior step to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol and polyethylene glycol-p-nonylphenylether (PONPE 7.5) are used as hydrophobic ligand and nonionic surfactant, respectively. Optimization was performed of the variables effecting complexation and phase separation. Additionally, the influence of viscosity on the analytical signal was investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, preconcentration of only 10 mL of sample in the presence of 0.075% (v/v) PONPE 7.5 permitted the detection of 1.09 μg L⁻¹ of Ni and 1.22 μg L⁻¹ of Co with enhancement factors of 29 and 27 for Ni and Co, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n=5) at concentrations of 80 and 50 μg L⁻¹ for Co and Ni were 2.53 and 2.89%, respectively. Good recoveries in the range of 96–105% were obtained for spiked samples. The effect of different interferent species was studied. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Ni and Co in different water samples. Correspondence: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. e-mail: manzoori@tabrizu.ac.ir Received September 1, 2002; accepted November 8, 2002     

浊点萃取-分光光度法测定自来水及酒类样品中的痕量铁

利用非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100在温度高于其浊点时形成相分离行为,建立了浊点萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铁的新方法,探讨优化了以KSCN为显色剂,TritonX-100浊点萃取富集痕量铁的实验条件.研究发现:加入正辛醇可使TritonX-100的浊点降低约30℃,有利于萃取实验的进行;同时,加入的正辛醇与TritonX-100对痕量铁起到了协同萃取作用.在优化了的实验条件下,进行了痕量铁的分析,检出限为0.02mg·L-1,加标回收率为97.4%～101.6%,应用于自来水及酒类样品中痕量铁的测定,结果满意.     

8-羟基喹哪啶固相萃取光度法测定水样中的铁

研究了8-羟基喹哪啶与铁的显色反应,在pH为8．0的氯化氨-氨水缓冲介质中,在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下,8-羟基喹哪啶与铁反应生成3：1稳定的蓝紫色络合物,该络合物可被Waters Sep-Park-C18固相萃取小柱萃取,用乙醇洗脱后用光度法测定,络合物λmax=600nm。在此波长下其它金属离子的络合物无光吸收,对铁选择性很好,铁含量在0-5mg/L内符合比尔定律,方法用于水样中痕量铁的测定,结果令人满意。     

Selective Determination of Copper in Water Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Cloud Point Extraction

A preconcentration methodology utilizing the cloud point phenomenon is described for the determination of copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The reagent Sulfathiazolylazo resorsin was used as a complexing agent. The preconcentration factor of 25-fold was obtained. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 4–400 µ g L^?1 with a limit of detection of 0.64 µ g L^?1. The relative standard deviation (n = 5, 12 µ g L^?1) was 3.5%. The cloud point is formed in the presence of phenol at room temperature. The method was successfully applied to the determination of copper in water samples and a standard reference material.     

Preconcentration of Ti(IV) in Ore and Water by Cloud Point Extraction and Determination by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

Trace amounts of titanium(IV) were determined with a simple and selective method based on cloud point extraction. Preconcentration of titanium from aqueous solution was performed using Triton X-114 surfactant and 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol as complexing agent. After centrifugation, the surfactant- rich phase was removed, diluted with water and ethanol, transferred into a 500 μL quartz cell, and its absorbance was measured at 520 nm. The effect of experimental conditions influencing the extraction process was considered. In the optimum conditions, linearity ranges was 0.01–0.1 with the correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.9903. The limits of detection was 0.005. The method was successfully used for the determination of titanium(IV) in the samples of ore and river water with relative recovery of 98?99%.     

Microdetermination of Lead in Water Samples,Preconcentration by Coprecipitation Followed by its Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination

Abstract

The method incorporates coprecipitation of lead on zirconium hydroxide and its quantitative spectrophotometric determination in natural, polluted and synthetic water samples. The method incorporates coprecipitation of lead on zirconium hydroxide and its quantitative determination by AAS using 283.3 nm wavelength.     

浊点萃取预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量钴

本文提出了浊点萃取预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钴的新方法。详细研究了溶液pH值、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等条件对浊点萃取效果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,本法对钴的富集倍数为20倍,检出限为3．28ng／mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4．1％(n=10)。所建立的方法用于自来水、湖水中痕量钴的测定,分析结果满意。     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量铅的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 8.0的硼砂溶液中,用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取样品溶液中痕量铅。选用15.0 g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生氢化铅的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(1+99)介质中进行,铅的质量浓度在0.05～3.2μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.016μg·L~(-1)。应用此方法测定了水中铅的含量,测得回收率在96.5%～104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

浊点萃取预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量镍

以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚为络合剂,在pH 7.0,用Triton X-100非离子表面活性剂浊点萃取水样中痕量镍.表面活性剂相用硝酸-甲醇(1 9)混合液0.5 mL分散,所得溶液直接引入仪器进行火焰原子吸收测定,方法的检出限(3σ)为3.77×10-3mg·L-1,应用所提出方法测定了河水样品,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.98%.     

甲壳素富集固相反射分光光度法测定矿样中的铁

本文研究了一种新的固相分光光度法－固相反射分光光度法。论文从理论上推导出反射吸附值ＡＲ与物质相应的浓度Ｃ的定量关系。并以甲壳素为吸附剂，以铁，邻二氮菲和十二烷基磺酸钠的缔合物为被吸附物，进行了甲壳素相的反射分光光度法研究。     

1-亚硝基-2-萘酚浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法对水样中痕量铁的测定

采用以1-亚硝基-2-萘酚为螯合剂、Triton X-114为表面活性剂的新型浊点萃取体系富集水中的痕量铁,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法对铁进行测定。详细探讨了溶液pH值、表面活性剂浓度、络合剂浓度、平衡温度、平衡时间等对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响,优化了实验条件。在最佳条件下测得铁的检出限（S／N=3）为0．42μg&#183;L^-1,富集倍数为32,校准曲线相关系数为0．996。应用该法测定海水、湖水及自来水中的痕量铁,结果满意。     

固相萃取-固相光谱联用仪的构建及其应用于食品中罗丹明B的测定

设计并制造了以膜材料为分离富集介质的固相萃取装置和以漫反射光谱法为测定手段的测定装置相结合的自动化分析仪并应用于测定食品中罗丹明B的含量。该仪器由固相萃取装置、固相光谱测定装置和软件等3个部分组成。样品溶液(调节pH至2.00)负压自动进样,调节真空度在合适的速率下通过滤膜,待测物质富集于滤膜上。滤膜经热风干燥后由积分球在滤膜固相介质表面采集被测物质的漫反射光谱,仪器控制、光谱采集和数据处理直至报告的发出均由软件完成。在分析辣椒样品时,取样品0.500g,用水50.0mL超声提取10.0min,离心后取上清液测定罗丹明B的含量。测定时用混合纤维素膜进行富集,并选择测定波长为546.7nm。罗丹明B的线性范围为5.0~15.0μg·L^-1。分析红茶样品时,将样品用水稀释10倍后进行分析。在红茶的基质下,罗丹明B的线性范围为10.0~30.0μg·L^-1。上述2种样品的回收率为88.0%~108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.6%~9.3%。