旋转玻碳电极上二茂铁的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用

应用旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗法研究了二茂铁在Tris-NaC l(pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中于旋转玻碳电极上的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用.结果表明,二茂铁于旋转电极的伏安曲线呈现明显的极限电流平阶,而其交流阻抗谱则出现两个电容弧.二茂铁与DNA的作用,若受扩散过程控制则其极限扩散电流随DNA浓度增大而减小,而在电化学控制过程中则表现为电化学反应电阻随DNA浓度增大而增大.根据旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗谱测试,表明由这两种方法数据拟合求得的二茂铁条件电位速率常数能够很好地相互吻合,但如存在DNA时,则其条件电位速率常数有一定程度的减小.     

纳米钯修饰电极在碱性条件下对过氧化氢的测定

采用单电位阶跃计时电流法制备了Pd纳米粒子修饰复合陶瓷碳电极(Pd/CCE)。研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,Pd/CCE修饰电极在碱性介质中对H2O2的氧化具有强电催化活性。在0.1 mol.L-1NaOH溶液中采用动态安培法检测H2O2,线性范围为2.0×10-6~2.6×10-3mol.L-1,r=0.999 3,检出限(3sb)为5.0×10-7mol.L-1,灵敏度为143.8μA.(mmol.L-1)-1。该法用于过氧化氢消毒液中H2O2的测定,结果满意。     

纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极检测痕量镉离子

制备了一种纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极,并研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的溶出伏安行为。结果表明,纳米氧化铁颗粒能有效促进镉离子的溶出伏安响应。在pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,镉离子能有效吸附在纳米氧化铁表面并在-1.0 V时被还原。被还原的镉在正向扫描过程中可以重新氧化,并在-0.85 V处出现一明显的溶出伏安氧化峰。该峰电流随镉离子浓度的增大而增大,可用于对镉离子的检测。在最佳检测条件(pH 6.0,富集时间350 s,富集电位-1.0 V)下,镉离子的响应电流与其浓度在6.0×10-10～1.0×10-8mol/L以及1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-10 mol/L。干扰实验结果表明,一些常见的阳离子以及阴离子对镉离子的检测无明显干扰。将该方法用于实际样品的检测,回收率良好。     

普鲁士蓝-多壁碳纳米管复合材料修饰电极测定过氧化氢

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝(PB)(PB/MWCNT/GCE),制备了一种新型的过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。研究了该传感器对H2O2的电催化作用。讨论了支持电解质种类、酸度、修饰层厚度、电位和扫速等对H2O2响应的影响。研究表明,该传感器在以1.0mol/L KCl为支持电解质的磷酸盐溶液(pH=2.0)中,对H2O2具有明显的催化效应,测定的线性范围变宽,在2.9×10-6~8.8×10-2mol/L范围内还原峰电流与H2O2的浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9949;检出限为1.4×10-6mol/L。该电极用于医用消毒水中H2O2的测定,结果令人满意。     

Anthraquinone Covalently Modified Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient and Steady Electrocatalytic H2O2 Generation

Anthraquinone(AQ) modified carbon materials could be endowed with significantly improved oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) activity. However, the application of these materials in the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has been rarely investigated. For this motivation, AQ covalently modified carbon nanotube(AQ-CNT) was purposely synthesized for H₂O₂ generation. It was found that the cumulative H₂O₂ concentration reached up to 187.18 mg/(L·h) over AQ(40)-CNT catalyst, nearly 2.0 times higher than that over CNT, and being superior to those over most carbon materials reported. The enhanced activity stemmed from the improved mass transfer efficiency of oxygen and the enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Noteworthily, the AQ(40)-CNT material exhibited satisfactory stability for H₂O₂ generation, which was ascribed to the strong interaction force of C-N covalent bond. The present work could provide a vital idea for designing electrode material with simultaneously improved activity and stability for H₂O₂ generation.     

旋转铂盘电极上Cu(phen)22+与6-巯基嘌呤的相互作用

在 Tris-NaCl(pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中,应用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法、 旋转圆盘电极实验、交流阻抗法及其数据模拟等技术研究了Cu(phen)22+（phen=1,10-邻菲咯啉）与6-巯基嘌呤（6-MP）的相互作用.结果显示, Cu(phen)22+与6-MP无论在扩散控制过程或电化学控制过程都发生了相互作用. Cu(phen)22+及其与6-MP的作用产物于铂电极上均呈现一对氧化还原峰,但后者呈现的氧化还原峰负移,峰电流减小，交流阻抗结果显示,无论6-MP存在与否, Cu(phen)22+在交流阻抗谱上均呈现两个清晰的电容弧,但当6-MP存在时,电化学反应电阻和电化学吸脱附电阻均增大. Cu(phen)22+在不同转速下的阻抗拟合结果显示,随转速增大,电化学反应电阻和电化学吸脱附电阻均减小,双电层电容呈增大趋势,而吸脱附电容呈减小趋势;当6-MP存在时,仍然呈现此变化规律.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定乙炔雌二醇

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定乙炔雌二醇;多壁碳纳米管;乙炔雌二醇;化学修饰电极;电化学测定     

基于多孔碳固载离子液体修饰电极的叔丁基对苯二酚的检测研究

制备了多孔碳固载离子液体纳米材料修饰玻碳电极(GCE),用于抗氧化剂叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)的检测研究。不同电极上的交流阻抗结果表明,经过多孔碳固载离子液体修饰后的玻碳电极阻抗显著减小。多孔碳固载离子液体修饰后电极的氧化峰电流为41.93μA,比修饰前增大约5.5倍,说明多孔碳固载离子液体可显著提高电极的导电性,促进电极表面的电子转移,提高检测灵敏度。用时间~电流曲线测得TBHQ的线性范围为1.00~120.00μg/mL,检出限为0.16μg/mL。     

聚4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚膜修饰玻碳电极测定过氧化氢

利用循环伏安法（-0.5～2.2 V）将4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)电聚合修饰到玻碳电极表面,制备了聚PAR膜过氧化氢（H2O2）传感器。 并采用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了修饰电极的电化学性质和对H2O2的响应特性。 结果表明,PAR膜修饰电极在低的电位下对H2O2具有优异的电催化还原效应。 在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH=8.0)用计时安培法对H2O2进行了测定（工作电位0.45 V）,响应电流与其浓度在2×10-5～1.76×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=-0.999 83,检测限(S/N=3)为3 μmol/L。该修饰电极灵敏度高、稳定性好、制备简单,在H2O2的测定中对抗坏血酸、尿酸和葡萄糖有较好的抗干扰性。     

旋转环-盘电极研究MnO2还原机理

目前大多数人认为二氧化锰的阴极还原是按电子-质子机理进行的．但也有人认为氧化氢氧化锰（MnOOH）并不是电子-质子机理的初级产物，而初级产物是二价锰离子，MnOOH是Mn2＋与MnO2作用的结果．早在五十年代以Cahoon为代表的人们就提出这种观点[1]；后来由于Vosburgh[2][3]问和K     

Criegee自由基CH2O2与H2O反应机理及动力学的理论研究

在6-311＋G(2d,2p)水平下, 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 研究了Criegee 自由基CH₂O₂与H₂O的反应. 结果表明反应存在三个通道: CH₂O₂＋H₂O®HOCH₂OOH (R1); CH₂O₂＋H₂O®HCO＋OH＋H₂O (R2); CH₂O₂＋H₂O®HCHO＋H₂O₂ (R3), 各通道的势垒高度分别为43.35, 85.30和125.85 kJ/mol. 298 K下主反应通道(R1)的经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)的速率常数k^TST与k^CVT均为2.47×10^－17 cm³•molecule^－1•s^－1, 而经小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT)校正后的速率常数k^CVT/SCT为 5.22×10^－17 cm³•molecule^－1•s^－1. 另外, 还给出了200～2000 K 温度范围内拟合得到的速率常数随温度变化的三参数Arrhenius方程.     

Theoretical Analysis and Determination of the Heterogeneous Stability Constant of Copper(II)-Humic Acids Complex at Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

A theory for determining the heterogeneous stability constant of a metal complex system at the surface of a chemically modified carbon paste electrode was developed. The proposed theory has been applied to the studies of a copper(II)-humic acids (Has) complex system. In an open circuit, copper(II) was accumulated from a stirred preconcentration medium onto the HAs-CMCPE. The subsequent electrochemical measurement was performed in a small volume of Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer (pH 3.78). By means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), the determined average heterogeneous stability constant of copper(II)-HAs complex was 4.99×10⁹.     

锰取代Keggin型杂多酸[ZnW11O39Mn(H2O)]8-在化学修饰玻碳电极上的多层组装及电催化性能研究

在4-氨基苯甲酸修饰的玻碳电极上制备了过渡金属取代杂多酸[ZnW₁₁O₃₉Mn(H₂O)]^8-(ZnW₁₁Mn)多层膜.各层的循环伏安行为证明膜的增长均匀,峰电流随层数的增加而增加.与其在溶液中的氧化还原行为相比,多层膜中的ZnW₁₁Mn显示出一些特殊的性质.还讨论了pH对其氧化还原行为的影响.该多层膜对BrO₃^-和H₂O₂的还原及抗坏血酸的氧化具有较好的电催化性能.     

氧在铁卟啉/聚吡咯膜修饰电极上的还原

用旋转环盘电极技术研究含中位四（ 对磺基苯基） 卟啉合铁（ＦｅＴＰＰＳ） 的聚吡咯膜覆盖的玻碳电极上的氧还原过程． 结果表明该修饰膜的存在降低了氧还原的过电位,还原产物中有Ｈ２Ｏ２ ,过程用异相氧化还原催化（ＥＣ） 机理解释． 与金或铂比较,碳是较好的电极基体材料,适合于产生破坏水中有机物所需的过氧化物． 在酸性介质中氧在该膜修饰电极上的还原速度比在中性介质中大,由ＫｏｕｔｅｃｋｙＬｅｖｉｃｈ 关系式求出修饰膜中催化剂和分子氧反应的表观速度常数值．     

Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two-Electron O2 Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H2O2 on Polymeric Carbon Nitride

Polymeric carbon nitride modified with selected heteroatom dopants was prepared and used as a model photocatalyst to identify and understand the key mechanisms required for efficient photoproduction of H₂O₂ via selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The photochemical production of H₂O₂ was achieved at a millimolar level per hour under visible-light irradiation along with 100 % apparent quantum yield (in 360–450 nm region) and 96 % selectivity in an electrochemical system (0.1 V vs. RHE). Spectroscopic analysis in spatiotemporal resolution and theoretical calculations revealed that the synergistic association of alkali and sulfur dopants in the polymeric matrix promoted the interlayer charge separation and polarization of trapped electrons for preferable oxygen capture and reduction in ORR kinetics. This work highlights the key features that are responsible for controlling the photocatalytic activity and selectivity toward the two-electron ORR, which should be the basis of further development of solar H₂O₂ production.     

Microperoxidase-11 Modified Electrode and Its Electrocatalytic Activity on the Reduction of O2 and H2O2

Microperoxidase-11(MP-11) was immobilized on the surface of a silanized glass carbon electrode by means of the covalent bond with glutaraldehyde.The measurements of cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the formal redox potential of immobilized MP-11 was -170mV.which is significantly more positive than that of MP-11 in a solution or immobilized on the surface of electrodes prepared with other methods.This MP-11 modified electrode showed a good electrocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.     

Ruthenium Hexacyanoferrate (III) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Captopril

A glassy carbon electrode modified with a ruthenium (III) hexacyanoferrate film was investigated for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations. The RuOHCF film was deposited on the surface of the electrode after applying 50 successive cycles and subsequent stabilization in a mixture of NaNO₃ 0.50 mol L^?1+HCl 0.050 mol L^?1 used as supporting electrolyte. The main processes responsible for the redox electrode response are attributed to the system Ru^II/Ru^III/Ru^IV, and appeared at ?0.080, 0.86 and 1.01 V (vs. SCE). The redox process at ?0.080 V was selected for the determination of captopril in the present study, once it provided higher sensibility and occurs in a lower potential than the other ones which can prevent interferences. The experimental parameters used in the determination of the analyte, using differential pulse voltammetry were optimized: pulse amplitude: 50 mV, scan rate: 5 mV s^?1 and potential window: ?0.5 to 0.2 V (vs. SCE). The analytical application of the sensor in real samples demonstrated a linear range between 0.060 and 0.80 µmol L^?1 (r=0.998) with a detection limit of 0.047 µmol L^?1. A mechanism based on co‐precipitation of captopril and the Ru (III) complex in the film is presented once the signal of the Ru^II/III redox couple decreases with increasing the analyte concentration. Recoveries of 99 to 100 % were achieved in pharmaceutical samples and the proposed procedure agreed with the HPLC official method within 95 % confidence level, according to the t‐Student test.     

玻碳电极上DTAB对氧还原反应的促进作用

用旋转圆盘玻碳电极研究了阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)对氧还原反应的影响. 结果表明, DTAB明显提高了玻碳电极对氧还原的电催化活性. 通过对氧还原电流与旋转速度的关系以及动力学电流与电位的Tafel关系分析, 发现DTAB提高了玻碳电极对氧还原反应电荷传递步骤的传递系数, 因此加快了氧还原的动力学过程.     

维生素b12在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析测定

维生素b12;多壁碳纳米管;循环伏安法;修饰电极     

Dependence of Thermal Decomposition Rate Constant on Temperature of Reaction

On the basis of results of kinetic investigates of many compounds general temperature dependence of Gibbs free energy of activated complexes created in thermal decomposition processes and the reaction rate constant were calculated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.