Electrochemical Determination of Tyrosine in the Presence of Dopamine and Uric Acid at the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

A gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (GN‐CPE) was used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of tyrosine (Tyr), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The study and measurements were carried out by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry methods. In DPV, the GN‐CPE could separate the oxidation peak potentials of DA and UA present in the same solution, though at the unmodified CPE the peak potentials were indistinguishable. The prepared electrode showed voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for Tyr, DA and UA in optimal conditions, which makes it very suitable for simultaneous determination of these compounds. The calibration curves for Try, DA and UA were linear for the concentrations of each species. The proposed voltammetric approach was also applied to the determination of Tyr concentration in human serum as a real sample.     

Application of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanofibres/Polyaniline/Platinum Nanoparticles as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Bezafibrate

The present study deals with the development of an electrochemical sensor for quantitative determination of Bezafibrate (BZF) based on carbon nanofibers/polyaniline/platinum nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (CNF/PANI/Pt/CPE). BZF is a fibric acid derivative and is used largely in the treatment of lipid disorders. The nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulphate and platinum nanoparticles were uniformly decorated on the CNF/PANI surface by reducing hexachloroplatinic acid using sodium borohydride. The electrochemical response of BZF at CNF/PANI/Pt/CPE was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The above study resulted into significant improvement of the electrochemical signal towards the oxidation of BZF, revealing that the oxidation process is highly favorable at the surface of modified electrode. The anodic peak current I_p (μA) is found to be linearly dependent on BZF concentration in the range of 0.025 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 2.46 nM. The practical analytical utilities of the sensor were investigated by performing the experiments on synthetic pharmaceutical formulations, human blood serum and urine samples which offered good recovery, suggesting the high efficacy and authenticity of CNF/PANI/Pt/CPE sensor for BZF determination.     

Gold Nanoparticle-based Layer-by-Layer Enhancement of DNA Hybridization Electrochemical Signal at Carbon Nanotube Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Nanoporous materials have been widely applied to biosensor investigation. Recently, Guo et al. have investigated the mesoporous materials modified carbon paste electrode for rapid cTnI (cardiac troponin I) detection with enhanced sensitivity1-3. However, …     

纳米TiN碳糊电极对青霉素的电化学检测

以纳米氮化钛(TiN)为电活性物质,制备了用于检测青霉素的纳米TiN修饰碳糊电极.研究了该碳糊电极中石墨与纳米TiN的质量比、电极面积、溶液pH值及缓冲容量等因素对青霉素检测效果的影响.结果表明,在优化的条件(石墨与TiN的质量比为2∶1,电极面积为1 mm~2,溶液pH值为7.2以及缓冲容量为20 mmol/L KH_2PO_4)下,该电极检出限为2×10~(-5)mol/L,线性检测范围为4×10~(-5)~3.2×10~(-3)mol/L.利用Zeta电位及交流阻抗的方法,揭示了纳米TiN碳糊电极检测青霉素的机理为纳米TiN对青霉素的特异性吸附.纳米TiN碳糊电极展现出良好的稳定性、选择性和重复性,在青霉素检测领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Bisphenol A using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles

In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and bisphenol A (BPA) is proposed. The simultaneous determination of these two compounds is extremely important since they can coexist in the same sample and are very harmful to plants, animals and the environment in general. A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVP was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of nAg from silver nitrate in aqueous media. The nAg‐PVP composite obtained was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of HQ and BPA at the nAg‐PVP/CPE was investigated in 0.1 mol L⁻¹ B−R buffer (pH 6.0) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results indicate that the electrochemical responses are improved significantly with the use of the modified electrode. The calibration curves obtained by SWV, under the optimized conditions, showed linear ranges of 0.09–2.00 μmol L⁻¹ for HQ (limit of detection 0.088 μmol L⁻¹) and 0.04–1.00 μmol L⁻¹ for BPA (limit of detection 0.025 μmol L⁻¹). The modified electrode was successfully applied in the analysis of water samples and the results were comparable to those obtained using UV‐vis spectroscopy.     

A New Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Derived from Aloe Vera Xanthate Nanoparticles to Detect Mercury Ions

This environmentally benign work describes a simple electrochemical sensor constructed with a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) using aloe vera xanthate nanoparticles to detect mercury ions. The characterization and morphology of nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated using modern techniques. The CMCPE efficiently senses the mercury ions. The limit of detection of mercury ions wasexcellent to the order of 0.231 μg mL⁻¹. Real-time sample analysis showed promising results. The recovery range was between 99.4 % and 101.7 %. The activity of CMCPE was commendable even after fifty days.     

镍纳米粒子修饰碳糊电极直接电催化鸟嘌呤的研究

将镍纳米粒子与石蜡、石墨按照一定比例混合制备镍纳米粒子修饰碳糊电极,采用循环伏安法(CV)对修饰碳糊电极进行电化学表征,在0.1 mol/L B-R缓冲溶液(pH4.5)中研究了鸟嘌呤在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,与裸碳糊电极相比,以掺杂法制备的镍纳米粒子修饰电极能够明显降低鸟嘌呤的过电位,增大其氧化电流,很好地催化氧化鸟嘌呤。在优化的实验条件下,鸟嘌呤在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-5~5.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为7.5×10-6mol/L。     

碳纳米纤维修饰碳糊电极用于双酚A的电化学检测

制备了碳纳米纤维修饰碳糊电极,并用于双酚A的高灵敏和高选择性电化学检测。碳纳米纤维材料经静电纺丝和碳化过程相结合制备而成,采用滴涂的方法修饰于碳糊电极表面制成电化学传感器。利用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法以及微分脉冲伏安法考察了传感器的性质及双酚A的电化学行为。结果表明,双酚A的峰电流响应与其浓度在0.8~50μmol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.1μmol/L。构建的电化学传感器用于环境水样中双酚A的检测具有较高的回收率。     

Enzymatic Biosensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and Polyphenol Oxidase

The results presented here demonstrate the important catalytic effect of a carbon paste electrode modified by dispersion of gold nanoparticles towards different electroactive compounds. The oxidation of hydrogen peroxide starts at potentials 400 mV less positive than at bare carbon paste, while the reduction, almost negligible at bare carbon paste, starts at 0.100 V. The influence of the size and amount of gold nanoparticles in the composite matrix on the response of the electrode is discussed. The incorporation of albumin within the carbon paste facilitates the dispersion of gold nanoparticles, improving substantially the catalytic effects. At carbon paste modified with gold nanoparticles and albumin, the peak potential separation for hydroquinone decreases from 0.385 V to 0.209 V while the reduction current increases from 16.6 to 75.2 μA. The immobilization of polyphenol oxidase within the carbon paste electrode modified with nanoparticles has allowed us to obtain a very sensitive biosensor for dopamine even in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid.     

基于普鲁士蓝/二氧化钛纳米管修饰碳糊电极的电流传感器检测偏二甲肼的研究

以TiO_2纳米管(TNTs)作为普鲁士蓝(PB)的载体,制备了PB/TNTs修饰碳糊电极(PB/TNTs/CPE),考察了偏二甲肼(UDMH)在该电极上的电化学行为,评估PB/TNTs/CPE测定UDMH的可靠性。结果表明,PB可以作为促进UDMH氧化的催化剂,利用TNTs作为PB的载体,可以提高电子的转移效率和速率。通过电流测定法得出测定UDMH的线性范围为0.3~100mg·L~(-1),检测限为2.6×10~(-5) g·L~(-1)。相比PB修饰的碳糊电极,本文基于PB/TNTs修饰碳糊电极所制备的电流传感器具有更高的灵敏度。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Caffeic Acid Assayed with Gold Nanoparticles/Graphene Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and graphene nanosheet (GN) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is proposed as voltammetric sensor for caffeic acid assay. The sensor exhibits a surface‐confined and reversible process for oxidation of caffeic acid revealed by cyclic voltammetry. The results show more favorable electron transfer kinetics than the bare GCE. The linear response of the sensor is from 5×10^?7 to 5×10^?5 M with a detection limit of 5×10^?8 M (S/N=3). The AuNP/GN nanocomposite shows more favorable electrochemical activity and should be a kind of more robust and advanced functional material, which provides a promising platform for electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The method was successfully applied to detect caffeic acid in pharmaceutical tablets with satisfactory results.     

Electrochemical Studies and Selective Detection of Thioridazine Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnS Nanoparticles and Simultaneous Determination of Thioridazine and Olanzapine

A novel ZnS nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode (ZnSNP‐MCPE) was fabricated and used to study the electrooxidation of thioridazine (TR) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The determination conditions, such as accumulation time, pH of solution, and modifier amount were optimized. The mechanism of the electrooxidation process on the surface of the modified electrode was studied electrochemically. A linear range of 0.1–36.0 µM with detection limit of 65.0 nM was obtained for TR. In a mixture containing TR and olanzapine (OLZ), the DPV peaks of two compounds can be well separate from each other with a potential difference of 425 mV. Finally, this method was successfully applied to determinate the TR content in real samples.     

Electrocatalytic Behavior and Amperometric Detection of Morphine on ITO Electrode Modified with Directly Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles

A gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) film coated glass electrode was prepared via a novel electrochemical deposition technique. The UV‐visible spectrum and SEM indicated that the AuNPs on ITO electrode surface were spherical shape and quite symmetric distributed. The modified electrode exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the oxidation of morphine (MO). At optimal experimental condition, the oxidation current was responsive with the MO concentrations ranging from 8.0×10^?7 to 1.6×10^?5 M, the detection limit was 2.1×10 ^–7 M. The modified electrode also exhibited high stability and reproducibility. The average recoveries of detection MO in human urine were ranged between 91.95% and 92.23%, and the RSD was less than 3.68% (n=5).     

纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚

在0.01mol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH 9.18)中,用纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极作为工作电极,线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚。伏安图上出现一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为+0.56V(vs.SCE),峰电流与苯酚的浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为5.0×10-8 mol.L-1。富集时间为30s,同时采用线性扫描伏安法研究苯酚在纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极上的氧化还原反应,结果表明此电极反应为一不可逆的吸附过程。     

Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine Using a Novel Perylenediimide-Derivative Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

A novel perylenediimide derivative, N,N′-bis(4-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy ethoxy]ethoxy}phenyl)-3,4:9,10-perylene tetracarboxydiimide, was utilized for the modification of a carbon paste electrode to develop a practical and sensitive electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection. The effects of experimental parameters (modifier amount, pH, and scan rate) on the dopamine peak current were examined. The performance of the modified carbon paste electrode was evaluated under optimum conditions and 4.6-fold increase in the peak current was obtained compared to an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The linear range was between 1 and 100?µM dopamine and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.011 and 0.036?µM, respectively. The developed sensor was also applied for the quantitative determination of dopamine in injections and promising results were obtained.     

Determination of Tyrosine in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Using a Gold Nanoparticle Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

A carbon paste electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuMCPE) was used as a highly sensitive sensor for determination of Tyrosine (Tyr), in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in aqueous solution. The measurements were carried out by using of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), amd chronocoulometry and chronoamperometry methods. The prepared electrode shows voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for Tyr in the presence of SDS. The relationship between the oxidation peak current of Tyr and its concentration was obtained linearly and it was 1.0 × 10^?7 to 1.0 × 10^?5 M with a detection limit of 5.5 × 10^?8 M in the absence of SDS. On the other hand the oxidation peak current of Tyr increased significantly at AuMCPE in the presence of SDS and its detection limit was reduced to 2.7 × 10^?9 M. The proposed voltammetric approach was also applied to the determination of Tyr concentration in human serum.     

Determination of p-Nitrophenol in Synthetic Textile Wastewater Samples Using a Graphene Oxide/Palladium Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

This work presents for the first time the incorporation of graphene oxide/palladium nanoparticles composite into a carbon paste electrode and its application in the quantification of p-nitrophenol, a very hazardous pollutant, in a synthetic wastewater sample. The composite presented a homogeneous particle distribution and narrow size distribution, averaging 4 nm. The resulting electrode presented improved shelf stability and prevented the adsorption of byproducts of p-nitrophenol on the electrode surface, which is an advantage when compared to other sensors, due to the presence of the polymer polyvinylimidazole inside the graphene oxide matrix. This work also explores the performance of the proposed sensor among other dyes which can be present simultaneously in industrial wastewater and free water bodies.     

Determination of Arsenic(III) at a Nanogold Modified Solid Carbon Paste Electrode

A selective and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for arsenic determination based on a nanogold (AuNP) modified solid carbon paste working electrode (SCPE) modified in two steps (i) physisorption and (ii) additional electrodeposition of nanogold particles in the presence of iodide. Copper(II) interference was solved by covering the gold layer by a self assembled mono layer (SAM) of glutathione. Using DPASV a linear response of the signal was obtained as a function of As(III) in the concentration range 0.05–20 µM (4–1498 ppb) with a limit of detection of 0.01 µM (0.9 ppb). Sample stirring and degassing were not needed. Application to the determination of arsenic(III) and (V) in underground water samples from Burkina Faso was successfully achieved.     

Acetylferrocene Modified Carbon Paste Electrode; A Sensor for Electrocatalytic Determination of Hydrazine

The electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at a carbon paste electrode spiked with acetylferrocene as a mediator was studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. In contrast to other ferrocenic compounds, acetylferrocene exhibits a chemical irreversible behavior, but it can act as an effective mediator for electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine, too. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant between acetylferrocene and the electrode substrate (carbon paste) and the diffusion coefficient of spiked acetylferrocene in silicon oil were estimated to be about 3.45×10^?4 cm s^?1 and 4.45×10^?9 cm² s^?1, respectively. It has been found that under the optimum conditions (pH 7.5) the oxidation of hydrazine occurs at a potential of about 228 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The catalytic oxidation peak current of hydrazine was linearly dependent on its concentration and the obtained linear range was 3.09×10^?5 M–1.03×10^?3 M. The detection limit (2σ) has been determined as 2.7×10^?5 M by cyclic voltammetry. Also, the peak current was increased linearly with the concentration of hydrazine in the range of 1×10^?5 M–1×10^?3 M by differential pulse voltammetry with a detection limit of 1×10^?5 M. This catalytic oxidation of hydrazine has been applied as a selective, simple, and precise new method for the determination of hydrazine in water samples.     

麦饭石修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定克林霉素

在pH=9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,用麦饭石修饰碳糊电极循环伏安法研究了克林霉素的电化学性质,并讨论了影响克林霉素测定的各种因素,得到了其测定的最佳实验条件。克林霉素的氧化峰电位是0.80V,氧化峰电流与克林霉素的浓度在3.25×10-6～1.10×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。该测定方法的检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-7 mol.L-1。用标准加入法测定回收率范围在94.9%～101.4%。克林霉素在0.80V处的氧化为1电子、1质子参加的受扩散控制的不可逆过程。克林霉素的电化学测定方法能很好地用于实际样品的测定而且结果与药典法一致。