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从讨论波束形成方法在声系统中的主要作用和主要形成过程入手,介绍几种具体实现波束形成的算法。主要讨论一种能够降低硬件要求的波束形成算法——正交波束形成算法。此种方法不但适用于声系统,对于其他检测系统也有一定的实际意义。给出几种主要波束形成算法的Matlab仿真实现程序,将按照此类方法仿真所得到的波束形成指向性图与理论指向性图比较,两者非常类似。 相似文献
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双面声阵列波束形成能够区分识别位于不同扫描平面的相干声源,然而该算法在低信噪比条件下识别精度较低。针对此问题提出一种迭代正则化改进算法,通过迭代方法更新正则化矩阵与波束形成输出,在不断提升正则化稳定性、抑制干扰旁瓣的基础上使声学云图主瓣向实际相干声源点处聚焦。数值仿真与实验算例结果显示,改进算法在中高频代表频率下能够正确区分相干声源前后方位,并具有相对原算法更高的识别精度。从而表明:从反问题正则化角度对原算法进行优化改进是理论可行的;正则化矩阵的具体形式与广义逆波束形成输出的空间分辨率紧密相关,且可通过迭代方法将二者整合以提高声源识别精度。 相似文献
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近场子空间聚焦的碰摩故障声发射定位方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对宽带多源声发射信号的相干、多模态和能量衰减快问题,提出一种近场多重相干信号子空间聚焦的定位算法用于碰摩故障声发射源的定位检测。首先,为滤除干扰模态波、减小频散效应,采用基于模态声发射传播特性分析的小波分解滤波方法,从碰摩初期的声发射信号中获取零阶模态波及波速用于定位计算;其次,为实现信号解相干,提出基于双边相关变换(TCT)的近场聚焦矩阵估计方法;最后,针对声发射信号的能量衰减快问题,利用近场基于特征分解的多重信号分类(N-MUSIC)的空间谱估计方法来实现声源的精确定位。理论分析和实验结果表明:该方法定位精度高、计算复杂度低、稳定性强,能有效识别多个相干碰摩声源。相比传统相干子空间算法(CSM),该方法减少了信号初值和聚焦频点的计算量,对双声源的分辨概率较现有修正近场多重信号分类算法提高了17%,是一种有效的碰摩故障源检测方法。 相似文献
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依赖于基阵协方差矩阵的算法,要求有足够样本容量来实现稳健的性能。针对常规聚焦波束形成在低频段分辨能力不足以及有限的数据长度,本文研究了一种基于最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)的重叠分子阵算法。仿真实验表明,重叠分子阵MVDR算法在低快拍数、低信噪比情况下,稳健性优于全阵列MVDR算法。在海试数据中,利用一条孔径为109m的光纤水听器阵列,验证了该算法可以在低快拍数下对50m内低频段100~200Hz的目标实现分辨率为0.5m的近场定位。 相似文献
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采用口径场法对聚焦条件下具有高斯波束的矩形口径天线近场进行了分析,得到了聚焦条件下的近场场强分布与近场增益解析式,并对不同的聚焦位置进行了仿真。结果表明:在近场区,聚焦位置离轴向越近,其场强越强,且增益越大,聚焦位置沿轴向时其场强与增益皆为最大;反之,聚焦位置离轴向越远,其近场场强与近场增益越小。因此,通过聚焦可以显著提高天线口径面场的近场场强与增益指标,从而提高天线系统的有效作用距离。 相似文献
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采用口径场法对聚焦条件下具有高斯波束的矩形口径天线近场进行了分析,得到了聚焦条件下的近场场强分布与近场增益解析式,并对不同的聚焦位置进行了仿真。结果表明:在近场区,聚焦位置离轴向越近,其场强越强,且增益越大,聚焦位置沿轴向时其场强与增益皆为最大;反之,聚焦位置离轴向越远,其近场场强与近场增益越小。因此,通过聚焦可以显著提高天线口径面场的近场场强与增益指标,从而提高天线系统的有效作用距离。 相似文献
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超声平面波同相正交信号频域波束形成算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对频域平面波波束形成算法尚不能直接应用于采用正交解调的超声成像系统中的实际问题,提出一种平面波同相正交信号频域波束形成方法。以平面波射频信号频域波束形成算法为基础,根据射频信号与同相正交信号波数空间变量之间的关系,推导了平面波同相正交信号与对应图像的频谱映射表达式,从而实现对正交解调后信号的频域超声图像重建。采用2016年Plane Wave Imaging Challenge in Medical Ultrasound (PICMUS)发布的仿真、仿体及在体原始回波数据对这一方法进行验证,并评估图像的分辨率和对比噪声比。仿真和仿体实验结果表明,相对于射频信号的频域波束形成算法,该算法可获得与之相同的图像质量,并将成像速度提高了约4倍。在体实验数据的成像结果也验证了该算法在实际应用中的有效性。 相似文献
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This work presents a new technique for automatically generating the 3D scanning surface for acoustic imaging using microphone arrays. Acoustic images, or maps, of sound coming from spatially distributed sources, may be generated from microphone array data using algorithms such as beamforming. Traditional 2D acoustic maps can contain errors in the near-field if the object being imaged has a 3D shape. It has been shown that using the 3D surface geometry of an object as a scanning surface for beamforming can provide more accurate results. The methods used previously to generate this 3D scanning surface have either required existing CAD (Computer-Aided Design) models of the object being acoustically imaged or have required separate equipment which is generally bulky and expensive. The new method uses one or more cameras in the array, a data projector, and structured light code to automatically generate the 3D scanning surface. This has the advantage that it is inexpensive, can be incorporated as an add-onto existing microphone arrays, has short scan time, and is capable of being extended to imaging dynamic scenes. This technique is tested using beamforming and CLEAN-SC (CLEAN based on spatial Source Coherence) algorithms for a spherical array and an Underbrink multi-arm spiral array. For sound sources located about 1.2 m from the array, the mean position errors obtained are 6 mm. This is a quarter of the diameter of the mini-speakers being used as a sound sources. 相似文献
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水下运动目标的高分辨DOA估计和目标的左右舷分辨问题一直是水声阵列信号处理中的一个核心问题。矢量阵相比于声压阵具有天然的左右舷分辨能力和更高的处理增益,近年来得到了广泛关注。Capon等一些传统高分辨处理方法存在不能解相干源、需要多快拍处理以及对阵列流行误差敏感等多种问题。针对水声阵列信号处理领域面临的以上问题,利用声呐工作场景中空间目标的稀疏性,本文提出了一种基于交叉验证技术的多路径匹配追踪(Multiplepath Matching Pursuit with Cross Validation,CV-MMP)声矢量阵稀疏DOA估计算法。该算法采用交叉验证技术可以在未知场景中目标个数的条件下实现稀疏DOA的估计,相比于常规的声矢量阵Capon算法而言,可以在小快拍数甚至单快拍数条件下实现多目标的稀疏DOA估计以及高分辨能力。仿真和海试试验数据处理验证了提出的算法的有效性。 相似文献
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We report on a series of near-field imaging experiments for the nickel-like 14.7-nm Pd X-ray laser that were conducted with the aim to characterize the two-dimensional source intensity distribution and its position relative to the target surface. The effect of different prepulse amplitudes at variable main pulse-to-prepulse delays is investigated. For larger prepulses (2.8% and 8%) the peak emission is moved farther away from target surface with increasing delay whereas for the weak prepulse (0.5%) the position of peak emission remains rather stable over a delay range of several nanoseconds. A great deal of structure was observed in the near-field image. The size of the smallest structures detected is consistent with the coherence length-obtained from the corresponding far-field data – at the output aperture. The measurements are compared to the simulations performed with the LASNEX and CRETIN codes. The LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. 相似文献
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This paper attempts to introduce a near-field acoustic emission (AE) beamforming method to estimate the AE source locations by using a small array of sensors closely placed in a local region. The propagation characteristics of AE signals are investigated based on guided wave theory to discuss the feasibility of using beamforming techniques in AE signal processing. To validate the effectiveness of the AE beamforming method, a series of pencil lead break tests at various regions of a thin steel plate are conducted. The potential of this method for engineering applications are explored through rotor-stator rubbing tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively determine the region where rubbing occurs. It is expected that the work of this paper may provide a helpful analysis tool for near-field AE source localization. 相似文献
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用非直观偏振参数显微成像,即采用在传统显微光路中插入模式化装置,通过拟合过滤后对所得数据反演成像,通过对金属纳米颗粒在近场空间散射光谱分析,来解决空间散射现象。用非直观偏振参数显微成像与传统直观成像做对比,并通过时域有限差分法建模仿真,来描述近场直观与非直观散射光谱的差异,对比结果发现,非直观偏振参数显微反演成像的分辨率比直观成像更高,不但能够清晰的探测到纳米颗粒的形状和电场分布,而且比直观成像获得更广泛的空间散射光谱。 相似文献
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提出了基于半空间球面波函数叠加的声场重构方法,以重构含有限声阻抗边界半空间中声源直接辐射的声场。在半空间中多极子声源声压场的解析解的基础上,构造出以边界声阻抗为参量的半空间球面波函数的正交基;通过求逆获得半空间总声压解的基函数系数,同时也获得声源直接辐射声场即自由空间中的基函数系数,进而重构出声源直接辐射的声场。在边界声阻抗已知和边界声阻抗未知两种条件下,对该方法进行了仿真验证和参数分析,并在全消声室内进行了实验验证。结果表明,所提方法能重构出半空间中典型声源即球形声源和平面声源的直接辐射声场;该方法在边界声阻抗已知时的重构精度与稳定性高于在边界声阻抗未知时的情形。 相似文献
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A novel acoustic emission beamforming method with two uniform linear arrays on plate-like structures
A novel acoustic emission (AE) source localization approach based on beamforming with two uniform linear arrays is proposed, which can localize acoustic sources without accurate velocity, and is particularly suited for plate-like structures. Two uniform line arrays are distributed in the x-axis direction and y-axis direction. The accurate x and y coordinates of AE source are determined by the two arrays respectively. To verify the location accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach, the simulation of AE wave propagation in a steel plate based on the finite element method and the pencil-lead-broken experiment are conducted, and the AE signals obtained from the simulations and experiments are analyzed using the proposed method. Moreover, to study the ability of the proposed method more comprehensive, a plate of carbon fiber reinforced plastics is taken for the pencil-lead-broken test, and the AE source localization is also realized. The results indicate that the two uniform linear arrays can localize different sources accurately in two directions even though the localizing velocity is deviated from the real velocity, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in AE source localization for plate-like structures. 相似文献