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从讨论波束形成方法在声系统中的主要作用和主要形成过程入手,介绍几种具体实现波束形成的算法。主要讨论一种能够降低硬件要求的波束形成算法——正交波束形成算法。此种方法不但适用于声系统,对于其他检测系统也有一定的实际意义。给出几种主要波束形成算法的Matlab仿真实现程序,将按照此类方法仿真所得到的波束形成指向性图与理论指向性图比较,两者非常类似。 相似文献
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双面声阵列波束形成能够区分识别位于不同扫描平面的相干声源,然而该算法在低信噪比条件下识别精度较低。针对此问题提出一种迭代正则化改进算法,通过迭代方法更新正则化矩阵与波束形成输出,在不断提升正则化稳定性、抑制干扰旁瓣的基础上使声学云图主瓣向实际相干声源点处聚焦。数值仿真与实验算例结果显示,改进算法在中高频代表频率下能够正确区分相干声源前后方位,并具有相对原算法更高的识别精度。从而表明:从反问题正则化角度对原算法进行优化改进是理论可行的;正则化矩阵的具体形式与广义逆波束形成输出的空间分辨率紧密相关,且可通过迭代方法将二者整合以提高声源识别精度。 相似文献
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针对宽带多源声发射信号的相干、多模态和能量衰减快问题,提出一种近场多重相干信号子空间聚焦的定位算法用于碰摩故障声发射源的定位检测。首先,为滤除干扰模态波、减小频散效应,采用基于模态声发射传播特性分析的小波分解滤波方法,从碰摩初期的声发射信号中获取零阶模态波及波速用于定位计算;其次,为实现信号解相干,提出基于双边相关变换(TCT)的近场聚焦矩阵估计方法;最后,针对声发射信号的能量衰减快问题,利用近场基于特征分解的多重信号分类(N-MUSIC)的空间谱估计方法来实现声源的精确定位。理论分析和实验结果表明:该方法定位精度高、计算复杂度低、稳定性强,能有效识别多个相干碰摩声源。相比传统相干子空间算法(CSM),该方法减少了信号初值和聚焦频点的计算量,对双声源的分辨概率较现有修正近场多重信号分类算法提高了17%,是一种有效的碰摩故障源检测方法。 相似文献
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采用口径场法对聚焦条件下具有高斯波束的矩形口径天线近场进行了分析,得到了聚焦条件下的近场场强分布与近场增益解析式,并对不同的聚焦位置进行了仿真。结果表明:在近场区,聚焦位置离轴向越近,其场强越强,且增益越大,聚焦位置沿轴向时其场强与增益皆为最大;反之,聚焦位置离轴向越远,其近场场强与近场增益越小。因此,通过聚焦可以显著提高天线口径面场的近场场强与增益指标,从而提高天线系统的有效作用距离。 相似文献
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针对频域平面波波束形成算法尚不能直接应用于采用正交解调的超声成像系统中的实际问题,提出一种平面波同相正交信号频域波束形成方法。以平面波射频信号频域波束形成算法为基础,根据射频信号与同相正交信号波数空间变量之间的关系,推导了平面波同相正交信号与对应图像的频谱映射表达式,从而实现对正交解调后信号的频域超声图像重建。采用2016年Plane Wave Imaging Challenge in Medical Ultrasound (PICMUS)发布的仿真、仿体及在体原始回波数据对这一方法进行验证,并评估图像的分辨率和对比噪声比。仿真和仿体实验结果表明,相对于射频信号的频域波束形成算法,该算法可获得与之相同的图像质量,并将成像速度提高了约4倍。在体实验数据的成像结果也验证了该算法在实际应用中的有效性。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于自主设计小型超宽带天线的微波稳健波束形成(RCB)成像肿瘤检测系统.仿真结果表明,该检测系统对肿瘤反射信号有很高的敏感度.在简单平面模型和核磁共振成像图(MRI)导出模型中进行仿真检测实验,并将天线阵列接收信号用RCB算法进行成像处理.从乳房重构图像中能够得到正确的肿瘤位置及大小信息,实现了平面模型中最小直径3 mm和MRI导出模型中最小直径4 mm的肿瘤检测,证实了该检测系统用于早期乳腺肿瘤检测的可行性. 相似文献
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用非直观偏振参数显微成像,即采用在传统显微光路中插入模式化装置,通过拟合过滤后对所得数据反演成像,通过对金属纳米颗粒在近场空间散射光谱分析,来解决空间散射现象。用非直观偏振参数显微成像与传统直观成像做对比,并通过时域有限差分法建模仿真,来描述近场直观与非直观散射光谱的差异,对比结果发现,非直观偏振参数显微反演成像的分辨率比直观成像更高,不但能够清晰的探测到纳米颗粒的形状和电场分布,而且比直观成像获得更广泛的空间散射光谱。 相似文献
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Andreas Ebel Wolfgang Dreher Dieter Leibfritz 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2000,142(2):241
So far, fast spectroscopic imaging (SI) using the U-FLARE sequence has provided metabolic maps indirectly via Fourier transformation (FT) along the chemical shift (CS) dimension and subsequent peak integration. However, a large number of CS encoding steps Nω is needed to cover the spectral bandwidth and to achieve sufficient spectral resolution for peak integration even if the number of resonance lines is small compared to Nω and even if only metabolic images are of interest and not the spectra in each voxel. Other reconstruction algorithms require extensive prior knowledge, starting values, and/or model functions. An adjusted CS phase encoding scheme (APE) can be used to overcome these drawbacks. It incorporates prior knowledge only about the resonance frequencies present in the sample. Thus, Nω can be reduced by a factor of 4 for many 1H in vivo studies while no spectra have to be reconstructed, and no additional user interaction, prior knowledge, starting values, or model function are required. Phantom measurements and in vivo experiments on rat brain have been performed at 4.7 T to test the feasibility of the method for proton SI. 相似文献
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This work presents a new technique for automatically generating the 3D scanning surface for acoustic imaging using microphone arrays. Acoustic images, or maps, of sound coming from spatially distributed sources, may be generated from microphone array data using algorithms such as beamforming. Traditional 2D acoustic maps can contain errors in the near-field if the object being imaged has a 3D shape. It has been shown that using the 3D surface geometry of an object as a scanning surface for beamforming can provide more accurate results. The methods used previously to generate this 3D scanning surface have either required existing CAD (Computer-Aided Design) models of the object being acoustically imaged or have required separate equipment which is generally bulky and expensive. The new method uses one or more cameras in the array, a data projector, and structured light code to automatically generate the 3D scanning surface. This has the advantage that it is inexpensive, can be incorporated as an add-onto existing microphone arrays, has short scan time, and is capable of being extended to imaging dynamic scenes. This technique is tested using beamforming and CLEAN-SC (CLEAN based on spatial Source Coherence) algorithms for a spherical array and an Underbrink multi-arm spiral array. For sound sources located about 1.2 m from the array, the mean position errors obtained are 6 mm. This is a quarter of the diameter of the mini-speakers being used as a sound sources. 相似文献
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The paper considers a time-efficient implementation of the k nearest neighbours (kNN) algorithm. A well-known approach for accelerating the kNN algorithm is to utilise dimensionality reduction methods based on the use of space-filling curves. In this paper, we take this approach further and propose an algorithm that employs multiple space-filling curves and is faster (with comparable quality) compared with the kNN algorithm, which uses kd-trees to determine the nearest neighbours. A specific method for constructing multiple Peano curves is outlined, and statements are given about the preservation of object proximity information in the course of dimensionality reduction. An experimental comparison with known kNN implementations using kd-trees was performed using test and real-life data. 相似文献
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The authors propose a compact system for measuring a multispectral image within a short observation time. This system consists of a lens array and a polarization interferometer. The interferometer has two wedge-shaped liquid crystal layers. Images of an object created by the lens array are modulated with variable optical path differences by the interferometer and detected simultaneously by an image sensor. From the detected images, we can reconstruct the spectral image of the object. Experimental results are presented. 相似文献
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为了解决现有单分子定位算法中定位速度慢和对噪声有评估依赖性的问题,基于补零快速傅里叶变换和相位梯度算子提出一种新型的噪声自由的频率域非迭代荧光单分子定位算法。计算机模拟结果表明该算法定位精度可达纳米量级,而定位速度与解线性方程组法在同一个数量级。进而在传统实验参数条件下,对不同间隔分子带模型进行了模拟超分辨成像。模拟结果表明,可以区分中心相隔30nm的两个分子带。此外,将该算法用于HeLa细胞突起中微丝束结构的荧光超分辨成像,从重构获得的图像中可以看到微丝束的直径为75~200nm,验证了该算法的实用性。 相似文献
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中子散射对快中子照相质量影响的分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过一内空的圆柱体模型,对在快中子照相时由样品引起的散射中子强度与样品形状和探测距离之间的关系进行模拟,并用^241Am—Be作中子源对散射中子的影响进行实验验证。结果表明,在快中子照相时,由样品引起的散射中子的强度与探测距离以及样品形状有关。对于同一样品,探测距离增加,散射中子的影响则降低。The relationships between intensities of scattered neutrons by specimens and their shapes and detecting distances have been simulated using a hollow cylinder model, and the results were validated by experiments of fast neutron imaging using ^241Am-Be neutron source. The results showed that the intensities of scattered neutrons are closely related to the detecting distances and sample' s shapes. The influences of scattered neutronns in fast neutron imaging will be reduced while detecting distances increased. 相似文献